TY  - JOUR
A1  - Galarraga‐Vinueza, Maria Elisa
A1  - Obreja, Karina Anne-Marie
A1  - Ramanauskaite, Ausra
A1  - Magini, Ricardo
A1  - Begić, Amira
A1  - Sader, Robert
A1  - Schwarz, Frank
T1  - Macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis lesions
T2  - Clinical oral investigations
N2  - Objectives: To immunohistochemically characterize and correlate macrophage M1/M2 polarization status with disease severity at peri-implantitis sites.
Materials and methods: A total of twenty patients (n = 20 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis (i.e., bleeding on probing with or without suppuration, probing depths ≥ 6 mm, and radiographic marginal bone loss ≥ 3 mm) were included. The severity of peri-implantitis was classified according to established criteria (i.e., slight, moderate, and advanced). Granulation tissue biopsies were obtained during surgical therapy and prepared for immunohistological assessment and macrophage polarization characterization. Macrophages, M1, and M2 phenotypes were identified through immunohistochemical markers (i.e., CD68, CD80, and CD206) and quantified through histomorphometrical analyses.
Results: Macrophages exhibiting a positive CD68 expression occupied a mean proportion of 14.36% (95% CI 11.4–17.2) of the inflammatory connective tissue (ICT) area. Positive M1 (CD80) and M2 (CD206) macrophages occupied a mean value of 7.07% (95% CI 5.9–9.4) and 5.22% (95% CI 3.8–6.6) of the ICT, respectively. The mean M1/M2 ratio was 1.56 (95% CI 1–12–1.9). Advanced peri-implantitis cases expressed a significantly higher M1 (%) when compared with M2 (%) expression. There was a significant correlation between CD68 (%) and M1 (%) expression and probing depth (PD) values.
Conclusion: The present immunohistochemical analysis suggests that macrophages constitute a considerable proportion of the inflammatory cellular composition at peri-implantitis sites, revealing a significant higher expression for M1 inflammatory phenotype at advanced peri-implantitis sites, which could possibly play a critical role in disease progression.
Clinical relevance: Macrophages have critical functions to establish homeostasis and disease. Bacteria might induce oral dysbiosis unbalancing the host’s immunological response and triggering inflammation around dental implants. M1/M2 status could possibly reveal peri-implantitis’ underlying pathogenesis.
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Dental implant
KW  - Immunohistochemistry
KW  - Peri-implantitis
KW  - Macrophage polarization
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/80730
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-807308
SN  - 1436-3771
N1  - Open Access funding provided by Projekt DEAL. The work was supported by the Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, and also by the Osteology Foundation Scholarship Grant, Lucerne, Switzerland.
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
SP  - 2335
EP  - 2344
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  -