TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kalisch, Raffael
A1  - Köber, Göran
A1  - Binder, Harald
A1  - Ahrens, Kira F.
A1  - Basten, Ulrike
A1  - Chmitorz, Andrea
A1  - Choi, Karmel W.
A1  - Fiebach, Christian
A1  - Goldbach, Nele
A1  - Neumann, Rebecca J.
A1  - Kampa, Miriam
A1  - Kollmann, Bianca
A1  - Lieb, Klaus
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Reif, Andreas
A1  - Schick, Anita
A1  - Sebastian, Alexandra
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Wessa, Michèle
A1  - Yuen, Kenneth S. L.
A1  - Tüscher, Oliver
A1  - Engen, Haakon G.
T1  - The frequent stressor and mental health monitoring-paradigm: a proposal for the operationalization and measurement of resilience and the identification of resilience processes in longitudinal observational studies
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Resilience has been defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during and after times of adversity. How to operationalize resilience and to determine the factors and processes that lead to good long-term mental health outcomes in stressor-exposed individuals is a matter of ongoing debate and of critical importance for the advancement of the field. One of the biggest challenges for implementing an outcome-based definition of resilience in longitudinal observational study designs lies in the fact that real-life adversity is usually unpredictable and that its substantial qualitative as well as temporal variability between subjects often precludes defining circumscribed time windows of inter-individually comparable stressor exposure relative to which the maintenance or recovery of mental health can be determined. To address this pertinent issue, we propose to frequently and regularly monitor stressor exposure (E) and mental health problems (P) throughout a study's observation period [Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring (FRESHMO)-paradigm]. On this basis, a subject's deviation at any single monitoring time point from the study sample's normative E–P relationship (the regression residual) can be used to calculate that subject's current mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (“stressor reactivity,” SR). The SR score takes into account the individual extent of experienced adversity and is comparable between and within subjects. Individual SR time courses across monitoring time points reflect intra-individual temporal variability in SR, where periods of under-reactivity (negative SR score) are associated with accumulation of fewer mental health problems than is normal for the sample. If FRESHMO is accompanied by regular measurement of potential resilience factors, temporal changes in resilience factors can be used to predict SR time courses. An increase in a resilience factor measurement explaining a lagged decrease in SR can then be considered to index a process of adaptation to stressor exposure that promotes a resilient outcome (an allostatic resilience process). This design principle allows resilience research to move beyond merely determining baseline predictors of resilience outcomes, which cannot inform about how individuals successfully adjust and adapt when confronted with adversity. Hence, FRESHMO plus regular resilience factor monitoring incorporates a dynamic-systems perspective into resilience research.
KW  - mental health
KW  - adversity
KW  - stress
KW  - homeostasis
KW  - allostasis
KW  - adaptation
KW  - dynamic system
KW  - coping
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/62027
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-620272
SN  - 1664-1078
N1  - This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 777084 (DynaMORE project), from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grant CRC 1193, subprojects B01, C01, C03, C04, C05, C06, C07, Z03), and from the State of Rhineland-Palatinate (Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz für Innovation, DRZ program).
VL  - 12
IS  - art. 710493
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -