Optogenetic long-term manipulation of behavior and animal development
- Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is widely used for rapid photodepolarization of neurons, yet, as it requires high-intensity blue light for activation, it is not suited for long-term in vivo applications, e.g. for manipulations of behavior, or photoactivation of neurons during development. We used “slow” ChR2 variants with mutations in the C128 residue, that exhibit delayed off-kinetics and increased light sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Following a 1 s light pulse, we could photodepolarize neurons and muscles for minutes (and with repeated brief stimulation, up to days) with low-intensity light. Photoactivation of ChR2(C128S) in command interneurons elicited long-lasting alterations in locomotion. Finally, we could optically induce profound changes in animal development: Long-term photoactivation of ASJ neurons, which regulate larval growth, bypassed the constitutive entry into the “dauer” larval state in daf-11 mutants. These lack a guanylyl cyclase, which possibly renders ASJ neurons hyperpolarized. Furthermore, photostimulated ASJ neurons could acutely trigger dauer-exit. Thus, slow ChR2s can be employed to long-term photoactivate behavior and to trigger alternative animal development.
Author: | Christian Schultheis, Jana F. LiewaldORCiDGND, Ernst BambergGND, Georg NagelORCiDGND, Alexander GottschalkORCiDGND |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-113542 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018766 |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
Pubmed Id: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21533086 |
Parent Title (English): | PLoS One |
Publisher: | PLoS |
Place of publication: | Lawrence, Kan. |
Document Type: | Article |
Language: | English |
Date of Publication (online): | 2011/04/20 |
Date of first Publication: | 2011/04/20 |
Publishing Institution: | Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg |
Release Date: | 2011/08/26 |
Volume: | 6 |
Issue: | (4): e18766 |
Note: | Copyright Schultheis et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
HeBIS-PPN: | 274960613 |
Institutes: | Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie / Biochemie und Chemie |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie |
Sammlungen: | Universitätspublikationen |
Sammlung Biologie / Sondersammelgebiets-Volltexte | |
Licence (German): | Creative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0 |