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Phase transition observations and discrimination of small cloud particles by light polarization in expansion chamber experiments

  • Cloud microphysical processes involving the ice phase in tropospheric clouds are among the major uncertainties in cloud formation, weather, and general circulation models. The detection of aerosol particles, liquid droplets, and ice crystals, especially in the small cloud particle-size range below 50 μm, remains challenging in mixed phase, often unstable environments. The Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL) is an airborne instrument that has the ability to detect such small cloud particles and measure the variability in polarization state of their backscattered light. Here we operate the versatile Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber facility at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) to produce controlled mixed phase and other clouds by adiabatic expansions in an ultraclean environment, and use the CASPOL to discriminate between different aerosols, water, and ice particles. In this paper, optical property measurements of mixed-phase clouds and viscous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are presented. We report observations of significant liquid–viscous SOA particle polarization transitions under dry conditions using CASPOL. Cluster analysis techniques were subsequently used to classify different types of particles according to their polarization ratios during phase transition. A classification map is presented for water droplets, organic aerosol (e.g., SOA and oxalic acid), crystalline substances such as ammonium sulfate, and volcanic ash. Finally, we discuss the benefits and limitations of this classification approach for atmospherically relevant concentrations and mixtures with respect to the CLOUD 8–9 campaigns and its potential contribution to tropical troposphere layer analysis.

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Author:Leonid Nichman, Claudia Fuchs, Emma Järvinen, Karoliina Ignatius, Niko Florian Höppel, Antonio Dias, Martin HeinritziORCiDGND, Mario SimonORCiD, Jasmin Tröstl, Andrea Christine WagnerGND, Robert WagnerORCiDGND, Christina Williamson, Chao Yan, Paul J. Connolly, James Robert Dorsey, Jonathan DuplissyORCiD, Sebastian Ehrhart, Carla Frege, Hamish Gordon, Christopher Robert Hoyle, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, Gerhard Steiner, Neil McPherson DonahueORCiDGND, Richard C. FlaganORCiD, Martin William Gallagher, Jasper KirkbyORCiD, Ottmar MöhlerORCiDGND, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Frank StratmannORCiDGND, Antonio Tomé
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-418897
URL:http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3651/2016
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3651-2016
ISSN:1680-7324
ISSN:1680-7316
Parent Title (English):Atmospheric chemistry and physics
Publisher:European Geosciences Union
Place of publication:Katlenburg-Lindau
Contributor(s):Veli-Matti Kerminen
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2016/11/17
Date of first Publication:2016/03/17
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2016/11/17
Volume:16
Issue:5
Page Number:14
First Page:3651
Last Page:3664
Note:
© Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
HeBIS-PPN:424003767
Institutes:Geowissenschaften / Geographie / Geowissenschaften
Dewey Decimal Classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 55 Geowissenschaften, Geologie / 550 Geowissenschaften
Sammlungen:Universitätspublikationen
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - Namensnennung 3.0