Higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of proton multiplicity distributions in √sNN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the RHIC STAR experiment

Mohamed Samy Abdallah, Bassam Aboona, Jaroslav Adam, Leszek Adamczyk, Joseph R. Adams, J. Kevin Adkins, Ishu Aggarwal, Madan Mohan Aggarwal, Zubayer Ahammed, Derek M. Anderson, Elke Caroline Aschenauer, J. Atchison, Vipul Bairathi, W. Baker, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball Cap, Kenneth Barish, Rene Bellwied, Pratibha Bhagat, Anju Bhasin, Somadutta Bhatta, Jaroslav Bielčík, Jana Bielčíková, James D. Brandenburg, Xiang-Zhou Cai, Helen Louise Caines, Manuel Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Daniel A. Cebra, Irakli Chakaberia, Petr Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash Choudhury, William Christie, Xiaoxuan Chu, Henry J. Crawford, Máté Csanád, M. Daugherity, Ingo Martin Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, Lidia Didenko, Prabhupada Dixit, X. Dong, James Lucus Drachenberg, Emilie Duckworth, James C. Dunlop, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi Esumi, Olga Y. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, Kjeld Oleg Eyser, Renee H. Fatemi, F. M. Fawzi, Salvatore Fazio, C. J. Feng, Yicheng Feng, Evan Finch, Yuri V. Fisyak, Audrey Francisco, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana Galatyuk, Frank Geurts, Navagyan Ghimire, Adam Gibson, Krishan Gopal, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik Gupta, Włodzimierz Guryn, Ahmed M. Hamed, Y. Han, Szymon Harabasz, Matthew D. Harasty, John W. Harris, Hannah Harrison, S. He, W. He, Xionghong He, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, Norbert Herrmann, E. Hoffman, Lukáš Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, Huan Zhong Huang, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, William W. Jacobs, Chitrasen Jena, Alexander Jentsch, Yuanjing Ji, Jiangyong Jia, K. Jiang, C. Jin, Xin-Yue Ju, Eleanor G. Judd, Sonia Kabana, M. L. Kabir, Skipper Kagamaster, Dmitry Kalinkin, K. Kang, David Kapukchyan, Kolja Kauder, Hongwei Ke, Declan Keane, Matthew Kelsey, Yevheniia V. Khyzhniak, Daniel P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, Ivan Kisel, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt Knospe, H. S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, Lokesh Kumar, Shyam Kumar, Raghav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Joseph H. Kwasizur, Roy Alphanso Lacey, Shaowei Lan, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome Lauret, Alexei Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Yue Hang Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, Michael A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Tong Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, William Joseph Llope, Ronald S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N. S. Lukow, X. F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang Ma, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Dukhishyam Mallick, Spyridon Margetis, Christina Markert, Howard S. Matis, Joel Anthony Mazer, Grant McNamara, Saskia Mioduszewski, Bedangadas Mohanty, Mriganka Mouli Mouli, Isaac A. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, Kishora Nayak, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Takafumi Niida, R. Nishitani, Toshihiro Nonaka, A. S. Nunes, Grazyna Janina Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul Oh, K. Okubo, Brian S. Page, Robert Pak, Jinjin Pan, Ashish Pandav, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Tanmay Pani, A. Paul, Bogdan Pawlik, Diana Pawłowska, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, Jeffrey Brent Porter, Matthew Posik, Tristan Protzman, V. Prozorova, Navneet Kumar Pruthi, Mariusz Przybycien, Jörn H. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Amilkar Quintero, Cameron Racz, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, Robert L. Ray, Rosi Jan Reed, Hans Georg Ritter, Monika Robotkova, Juan L. Romero, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, Aswini Kumar Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, H. Sako, Sevil Salur, Susumu Sato, William B. Schmidke, Norbert Schmitz, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Richard Seto, Peter Seyboth, N. Shah, Prashanth V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, Tianhao Shao, R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, Shusu Shi, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, Ernst P. Sichtermann, Rafał Sikora, J. Singh, Subhash Singha, P. Sinha, Michael J. Skoby, Nikolai Smirnov, Yannick Söhngen, William Solyst, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria Stefaniak, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo Suaide, Michal Šumbera, C. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd Surrow, Zachary W. Sweger, Paweł Szymański, Aihong Tang, Zebo Tang, Terence J. Tarnowsky, James H. Thomas, Anthony Robert Timmins, David Tlusty, Takahito Todoroki, C. A. Tomkiel, Stephen Trentalange, Robert E. Tribble, Prithwish Tribedy, Srikanta Kumar Tripathy, Tomas Truhlar, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Oleg D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming Tu, Thomas Ullrich, David G. Underwood, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van Buren, Jan Vanek, Iouri Vassiliev, Veronica Verkest, Flemming Videbæk, Sergei Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, P. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. Webb, Philipp Weidenkaff, Gary D. Westfall, Daniel Wielanek, Howard Wieman, Scott W. Wissink, Richard Witt, J. Wu, J. Wu, Xiao Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, Guannan Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Qinghua Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Wangmei Zha, C. Zhang, Dingwei Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Maria Katarzyna Żurek, Maksym Zyzak

  • We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT) region −0.9<y<0 and 0.4<pT<2.0 GeV/c in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth-order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, pT, and y are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5\% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio C4/C2 is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including Lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of C4/C2 at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions.

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Author:Mohamed Samy AbdallahORCiDGND, Bassam AboonaORCiDGND, Jaroslav AdamORCiDGND, Leszek AdamczykORCiDGND, Joseph R. AdamsORCiD, J. Kevin Adkins, Ishu AggarwalORCiD, Madan Mohan AggarwalGND, Zubayer AhammedORCiD, Derek M. AndersonORCiD, Elke Caroline AschenauerORCiD, J. Atchison, Vipul BairathiORCiD, W. Baker, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball CapORCiD, Kenneth BarishORCiD, Rene BellwiedORCiDGND, Pratibha BhagatORCiD, Anju BhasinORCiD, Somadutta BhattaORCiD, Jaroslav BielčíkORCiDGND, Jana BielčíkováORCiDGND, James D. BrandenburgORCiD, Xiang-Zhou CaiORCiD, Helen Louise CainesORCiD, Manuel Calderón de la Barca SánchezORCiD, Daniel A. CebraORCiD, Irakli ChakaberiaORCiD, Petr ChaloupkaORCiD, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash ChoudhuryORCiD, William ChristieORCiD, Xiaoxuan ChuORCiD, Henry J. CrawfordORCiD, Máté CsanádORCiD, M. Daugherity, Ingo Martin DeppnerORCiDGND, A. DhamijaORCiD, L. Di Carlo, Lidia Didenko, Prabhupada DixitORCiD, X. Dong, James Lucus DrachenbergORCiD, Emilie DuckworthORCiD, James C. DunlopORCiD, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi EsumiORCiDGND, Olga Y. EvdokimovORCiD, A. Ewigleben, Kjeld Oleg EyserORCiD, Renee H. FatemiORCiD, F. M. Fawzi, Salvatore FazioORCiD, C. J. Feng, Yicheng FengORCiD, Evan FinchORCiD, Yuri V. FisyakORCiD, Audrey FranciscoORCiD, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana GalatyukORCiDGND, Frank GeurtsORCiD, Navagyan GhimireORCiD, Adam GibsonORCiD, Krishan GopalORCiD, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik GuptaORCiD, Włodzimierz GurynORCiD, Ahmed M. HamedORCiD, Y. Han, Szymon HarabaszORCiDGND, Matthew D. HarastyORCiD, John W. HarrisORCiDGND, Hannah HarrisonORCiD, S. He, W. He, Xionghong HeORCiD, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, Norbert HerrmannGND, E. Hoffman, Lukáš HolubORCiD, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, Huan Zhong HuangORCiD, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. HumanicORCiD, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, William W. JacobsORCiD, Chitrasen JenaORCiD, Alexander JentschORCiD, Yuanjing JiORCiD, Jiangyong JiaORCiDGND, K. Jiang, C. Jin, Xin-Yue JuGND, Eleanor G. JuddORCiD, Sonia KabanaORCiD, M. L. Kabir, Skipper KagamasterORCiD, Dmitry KalinkinORCiD, K. Kang, David KapukchyanORCiD, Kolja KauderORCiD, Hongwei KeORCiD, Declan KeaneORCiD, Matthew KelseyORCiD, Yevheniia V. KhyzhniakORCiD, Daniel P. KikołaORCiD, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, Ivan KiselORCiDGND, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt KnospeORCiD, H. S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof KosarzewskiORCiD, L. Kramarik, Lokesh KumarORCiD, Shyam KumarORCiD, Raghav Kunnawalkam ElayavalliORCiD, Joseph H. Kwasizur, Roy Alphanso LaceyORCiD, Shaowei LanORCiD, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome LauretORCiD, Alexei Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Yue Hang LeungORCiDGND, N. Lewis, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert LicenikORCiD, T. Lin, Y. Lin, Michael A. LisaORCiDGND, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, Tong Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, William Joseph LlopeORCiD, Ronald S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N. S. Lukow, X. F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang MaORCiD, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab AbdelrahmanORCiD, Dukhishyam MallickORCiD, Spyridon MargetisORCiD, Christina MarkertORCiDGND, Howard S. MatisORCiD, Joel Anthony Mazer, Grant McNamara, Saskia MioduszewskiORCiD, Bedangadas MohantyORCiD, Mriganka Mouli MouliORCiD, Isaac A. MooneyORCiD, A. Mukherjee, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, Kishora NayakORCiD, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Takafumi NiidaORCiD, R. Nishitani, Toshihiro NonakaORCiD, A. S. Nunes, Grazyna Janina Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul OhORCiD, K. Okubo, Brian S. PageORCiD, Robert Pak, Jinjin PanORCiD, Ashish PandavORCiD, Ashutosh Kumar PandeyORCiD, Tanmay PaniORCiD, A. Paul, Bogdan PawlikORCiD, Diana PawłowskaORCiD, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, Jeffrey Brent Porter, Matthew PosikORCiD, Tristan ProtzmanORCiD, V. ProzorovaORCiD, Navneet Kumar PruthiORCiD, Mariusz PrzybycienORCiD, Jörn H. PutschkeORCiDGND, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Amilkar QuinteroORCiD, Cameron RaczORCiD, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, Robert L. RayORCiD, Rosi Jan ReedORCiD, Hans Georg Ritter, Monika RobotkovaORCiD, Juan L. Romero, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, Aswini Kumar SahooORCiD, Nihar Ranjan SahooORCiD, H. Sako, Sevil SalurORCiDGND, Susumu Sato, William B. Schmidke, Norbert SchmitzGND, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth SegerORCiD, Richard SetoORCiDGND, Peter SeybothORCiDGND, N. Shah, Prashanth V. ShanmuganathanORCiD, M. Shao, Tianhao ShaoORCiD, R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal SheikhORCiD, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, Shusu ShiORCiD, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, Ernst P. SichtermannORCiD, Rafał SikoraORCiD, J. Singh, Subhash SinghaORCiD, P. Sinha, Michael J. Skoby, Nikolai SmirnovORCiD, Yannick SöhngenGND, William Solyst, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria StefaniakORCiD, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo SuaideORCiD, Michal ŠumberaORCiD, C. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd SurrowORCiDGND, Zachary W. SwegerORCiD, Paweł SzymańskiORCiD, Aihong TangORCiD, Zebo TangORCiD, Terence J. TarnowskyORCiD, James H. ThomasORCiD, Anthony Robert TimminsORCiD, David Tlusty, Takahito TodorokiORCiD, C. A. Tomkiel, Stephen TrentalangeORCiD, Robert E. Tribble, Prithwish TribedyORCiDGND, Srikanta Kumar TripathyORCiD, Tomas TruhlarORCiD, Barbara Antonina TrzeciakORCiD, Oleg D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming TuORCiD, Thomas UllrichORCiDGND, David G. UnderwoodORCiD, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van BurenORCiD, Jan VanekORCiD, Iouri VassilievORCiD, Veronica VerkestORCiD, Flemming VidebækORCiD, Sergei VoloshinORCiDGND, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, P. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. WebbORCiD, Philipp WeidenkaffGND, Gary D. WestfallGND, Daniel WielanekORCiD, Howard Wieman, Scott W. WissinkORCiD, Richard WittORCiD, J. Wu, J. Wu, Xiao WuORCiD, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, Guannan XieORCiD, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Qinghua XuORCiD, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina ZbroszczykORCiD, Wangmei ZhaORCiD, C. Zhang, Dingwei ZhangORCiD, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yu ZhangORCiD, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Maria Katarzyna ŻurekORCiDGND, Maksym ZyzakGND
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-848749
URL:https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11940v2
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2209.11940
ArXiv Id:http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11940v2
Parent Title (English):arXiv
Publisher:arXiv
Document Type:Preprint
Language:English
Year of first Publication:2022
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Creating Corporation:STAR Collaboration
Release Date:2024/08/15
Issue:2209.11940v2
Edition:Version 2
Page Number:25
Institutes:Wissenschaftliche Zentren und koordinierte Programme / Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS)
Dewey Decimal Classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 53 Physik / 530 Physik
Sammlungen:Universitätspublikationen
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International