Beam energy dependence of fifth and sixth-order net-proton number fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Bassam Aboona, Jaroslav Adam, Leszek Adamczyk, Joseph R. Adams, Ishu Aggarwal, Madan Mohan Aggarwal, Zubayer Ahammed, Derek M. Anderson, Elke Caroline Aschenauer, J. Atchison, Vipul Bairathi, W. Baker, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball Cap, Kenneth Barish, Rene Bellwied, Pratibha Bhagat, Anju Bhasin, Somadutta Bhatta, Jaroslav Bielčík, Jana Bielčíková, James D. Brandenburg, Xiang-Zhou Cai, Helen Louise Caines, Manuel Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Daniel A. Cebra, Jakub Češka, Irakli Chakaberia, Petr Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash Choudhury, William Christie, Xiaoxuan Chu, Henry J. Crawford, Máté Csanád, Gabriel Dale-Gau, A. Das, M. Daugherity, Ingo Martin Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, Lidia Didenko, Prabhupada Dixit, X. Dong, James Lucus Drachenberg, Emilie Duckworth, James C. Dunlop, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi Esumi, Olga Y. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, Kjeld Oleg Eyser, Renee H. Fatemi, Salvatore Fazio, C. J. Feng, Yicheng Feng, Evan Finch, Yuri V. Fisyak, Fernando Antonio Flor, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana Galatyuk, Frank Geurts, Navagyan Ghimire, Adam Gibson, Krishan Gopal, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik Gupta, Włodzimierz Guryn, Ahmed M. Hamed, Yiding Han, Szymon Harabasz, Matthew D. Harasty, John W. Harris, Hannah Harrison, W. He, Xionghong He, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, Norbert Herrmann, Lukáš Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, Huan Zhong Huang, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, William W. Jacobs, Ashish Jalotra, Chitrasen Jena, Alexander Jentsch, Yuanjing Ji, Jiangyong Jia, C. Jin, Xin-Yue Ju, Eleanor G. Judd, Sonia Kabana, M. L. Kabir, Skipper Kagamaster, Dmitry Kalinkin, K. Kang, David Kapukchyan, Kolja Kauder, Hongwei Ke, Declan Keane, Matthew Kelsey, Yevheniia V. Khyzhniak, Daniel P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, Ivan Kisel, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt Knospe, H. S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, Lokesh Kumar, Shyam Kumar, Raghav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Roy Alphanso Lacey, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome Lauret, Alexei Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Yue Hang Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert Licenik, T. Lin, Michael A. Lisa, C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, Tong Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, William Joseph Llope, O. Lomicky, Ronald S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N. S. Lukow, X. F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang Ma, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Dukhishyam Mallick, Spyridon Margetis, Christina Markert, Howard S. Matis, Joel Anthony Mazer, Grant McNamara, K. Mi, Saskia Mioduszewski, Bedangadas Mohanty, Isaac A. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Takafumi Niida, R. Nishitani, Toshihiro Nonaka, A. S. Nunes, Grazyna Janina Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul Oh, K. Okubo, Brian S. Page, Robert Pak, Jinjin Pan, Ashish Pandav, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Tanmay Pani, A. Paul, Bogdan Pawlik, Diana Pawłowska, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, Matthew Posik, Tristan Protzman, V. Prozorova, Navneet Kumar Pruthi, Mariusz Przybycien, Jörn H. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Amilkar Quintero, Cameron Racz, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, Robert L. Ray, Rosi Jan Reed, Hans Georg Ritter, C. W. Robertson, Monika Robotkova, Juan L. Romero, M. A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, Aswini Kumar Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, H. Sako, Sevil Salur, Susumu Sato, William B. Schmidke, Norbert Schmitz, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Richard Seto, Peter Seyboth, N. Shah, Prashanth V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, Tianhao Shao, Monika Sharma, Natasha Sharma, R. Sharma, S. R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal Sheikh, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, Shusu Shi, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, Subhash Singha, P. Sinha, Michael J. Skoby, Nikolai Smirnov, Yannick Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria Stefaniak, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Y. Su, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo Suaide, Michal Šumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd Surrow, Zachary W. Sweger, Paweł Szymański, A. Tamis, Aihong Tang, Zebo Tang, Terence J. Tarnowsky, James H. Thomas, Anthony Robert Timmins, David Tlusty, Takahito Todoroki, C. A. Tomkiel, Stephen Trentalange, Robert E. Tribble, Prithwish Tribedy, Tomas Truhlar, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Oleg D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming Tu, Thomas Ullrich, David G. Underwood, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van Buren, Jan Vanek, Iouri Vassiliev, Veronica Verkest, Flemming Videbæk, Sergei Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. Webb, Philipp Weidenkaff, Gary D. Westfall, Daniel Wielanek, Howard Wieman, G. Wilks, Scott W. Wissink, Richard Witt, J. Wu, J. Wu, Xiao Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Qinghua Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Wangmei Zha, C. Zhang, Dingwei Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Maria Katarzyna Żurek, Maksym Zyzak

  • We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (C5, C6) and factorial cumulants (κ5, κ6) of net-proton and proton distributions, from sNN−−−−√=3−200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The net-proton cumulant ratios generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at sNN−−−−√ = 3 GeV. C6/C2 for 0-40\% centrality collisions is increasingly negative with decreasing sNN−−−−√, while it is positive for the lowest sNN−−−−√ studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (at baryon chemical potential, μB≤ 110 MeV) that include a crossover quark-hadron transition. In addition, for sNN−−−−√≥ 11.5 GeV, the measured proton κn, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component shape of proton distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyper-order proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, μB∼750 MeV (sNN−−−−√ = 3 GeV) is starkly different from those at vanishing μB∼20MeV (sNN−−−−√ = 200 GeV and higher).

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Author:Bassam AboonaORCiDGND, Jaroslav AdamORCiDGND, Leszek AdamczykORCiDGND, Joseph R. AdamsORCiD, Ishu AggarwalORCiD, Madan Mohan AggarwalGND, Zubayer AhammedORCiD, Derek M. AndersonORCiD, Elke Caroline AschenauerORCiD, J. Atchison, Vipul BairathiORCiD, W. Baker, Jonathan Gonzalo Ball CapORCiD, Kenneth BarishORCiD, Rene BellwiedORCiDGND, Pratibha BhagatORCiD, Anju BhasinORCiD, Somadutta BhattaORCiD, Jaroslav BielčíkORCiDGND, Jana BielčíkováORCiDGND, James D. BrandenburgORCiD, Xiang-Zhou CaiORCiD, Helen Louise CainesORCiD, Manuel Calderón de la Barca SánchezORCiD, Daniel A. CebraORCiD, Jakub ČeškaORCiD, Irakli ChakaberiaORCiD, Petr ChaloupkaORCiD, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, Subikash ChoudhuryORCiD, William ChristieORCiD, Xiaoxuan ChuORCiD, Henry J. CrawfordORCiD, Máté CsanádORCiD, Gabriel Dale-GauORCiD, A. Das, M. Daugherity, Ingo Martin DeppnerORCiDGND, A. DhamijaORCiD, L. Di Carlo, Lidia Didenko, Prabhupada DixitORCiD, X. Dong, James Lucus DrachenbergORCiD, Emilie DuckworthORCiD, James C. DunlopORCiD, Jon M. Engelage, Geary Wareham Eppley, ShinIchi EsumiORCiDGND, Olga Y. EvdokimovORCiD, A. Ewigleben, Kjeld Oleg EyserORCiD, Renee H. FatemiORCiD, Salvatore FazioORCiD, C. J. Feng, Yicheng FengORCiD, Evan FinchORCiD, Yuri V. FisyakORCiD, Fernando Antonio FlorORCiD, C. Fu, Carl A. Gagliardi, Tetyana GalatyukORCiDGND, Frank GeurtsORCiD, Navagyan GhimireORCiD, Adam GibsonORCiD, Krishan GopalORCiD, X. Gou, David P. Grosnick, Anik GuptaORCiD, Włodzimierz GurynORCiD, Ahmed M. HamedORCiD, Yiding HanORCiD, Szymon HarabaszORCiDGND, Matthew D. HarastyORCiD, John W. HarrisORCiDGND, Hannah HarrisonORCiD, W. He, Xionghong HeORCiD, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, Norbert HerrmannGND, Lukáš HolubORCiD, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, Huan Zhong HuangORCiD, Shengli Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Thomas J. HumanicORCiD, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, William W. JacobsORCiD, Ashish Jalotra, Chitrasen JenaORCiD, Alexander JentschORCiD, Yuanjing JiORCiD, Jiangyong JiaORCiDGND, C. Jin, Xin-Yue JuGND, Eleanor G. JuddORCiD, Sonia KabanaORCiD, M. L. Kabir, Skipper KagamasterORCiD, Dmitry KalinkinORCiD, K. Kang, David KapukchyanORCiD, Kolja KauderORCiD, Hongwei KeORCiD, Declan KeaneORCiD, Matthew KelseyORCiD, Yevheniia V. KhyzhniakORCiD, Daniel P. KikołaORCiD, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, Ivan KiselORCiDGND, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt KnospeORCiD, H. S. Ko, Leszek Krzysztof KosarzewskiORCiD, L. Kramarik, Lokesh KumarORCiD, Shyam KumarORCiD, Raghav Kunnawalkam ElayavalliORCiD, Roy Alphanso LaceyORCiD, Jeffery M. Landgraf, Jerome LauretORCiD, Alexei Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Yue Hang LeungORCiDGND, N. Lewis, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, Robert LicenikORCiD, T. Lin, Michael A. LisaORCiDGND, C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, Tong Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Tonko A. Ljubicic, William Joseph LlopeORCiD, O. Lomicky, Ronald S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N. S. Lukow, X. F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Yu-Gang MaORCiD, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab AbdelrahmanORCiD, Dukhishyam MallickORCiD, Spyridon MargetisORCiD, Christina MarkertORCiDGND, Howard S. MatisORCiD, Joel Anthony Mazer, Grant McNamara, K. Mi, Saskia MioduszewskiORCiD, Bedangadas MohantyORCiD, Isaac A. MooneyORCiD, A. Mukherjee, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, John M. Nelson, Daniel B. Nemes, M. Nie, Takafumi NiidaORCiD, R. Nishitani, Toshihiro NonakaORCiD, A. S. Nunes, Grazyna Janina Odyniec, Akio Ogawa, Saehanseul OhORCiD, K. Okubo, Brian S. PageORCiD, Robert Pak, Jinjin PanORCiD, Ashish PandavORCiD, Ashutosh Kumar PandeyORCiD, Tanmay PaniORCiD, A. Paul, Bogdan PawlikORCiD, Diana PawłowskaORCiD, Chris Perkins, Jan Marian Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, Matthew PosikORCiD, Tristan ProtzmanORCiD, V. ProzorovaORCiD, Navneet Kumar PruthiORCiD, Mariusz PrzybycienORCiD, Jörn H. PutschkeORCiDGND, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, Amilkar QuinteroORCiD, Cameron RaczORCiD, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, Robert L. RayORCiD, Rosi Jan ReedORCiD, Hans Georg Ritter, C. W. Robertson, Monika RobotkovaORCiD, Juan L. Romero, M. A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, Aswini Kumar SahooORCiD, Nihar Ranjan SahooORCiD, H. Sako, Sevil SalurORCiDGND, Susumu Sato, William B. Schmidke, Norbert SchmitzGND, F-J. Seck, Janet Elizabeth SegerORCiD, Richard SetoORCiDGND, Peter SeybothORCiDGND, N. Shah, Prashanth V. ShanmuganathanORCiD, M. Shao, Tianhao ShaoORCiD, Monika Sharma, Natasha SharmaORCiD, R. Sharma, S. R. Sharma, Ashik Ikbal SheikhORCiD, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, Shusu ShiORCiD, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, Subhash SinghaORCiD, P. Sinha, Michael J. Skoby, Nikolai SmirnovORCiD, Yannick SöhngenGND, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. D. Shirvel Stanislaus, Maria StefaniakORCiD, David J. Stewart, Blair Stringfellow, Y. Su, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo SuaideORCiD, Michal ŠumberaORCiD, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Bernd SurrowORCiDGND, Zachary W. SwegerORCiD, Paweł SzymańskiORCiD, A. Tamis, Aihong TangORCiD, Zebo TangORCiD, Terence J. TarnowskyORCiD, James H. ThomasORCiD, Anthony Robert TimminsORCiD, David Tlusty, Takahito TodorokiORCiD, C. A. Tomkiel, Stephen TrentalangeORCiD, Robert E. Tribble, Prithwish TribedyORCiDGND, Tomas TruhlarORCiD, Barbara Antonina TrzeciakORCiD, Oleg D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Zhoudunming TuORCiD, Thomas UllrichORCiDGND, David G. UnderwoodORCiD, Isaac Upsal, Gene Van BurenORCiD, Jan VanekORCiD, Iouri VassilievORCiD, Veronica VerkestORCiD, Flemming VidebækORCiD, Sergei VoloshinORCiDGND, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Jason C. WebbORCiD, Philipp WeidenkaffGND, Gary D. WestfallGND, Daniel WielanekORCiD, Howard Wieman, G. Wilks, Scott W. WissinkORCiD, Richard WittORCiD, J. Wu, J. Wu, Xiao WuORCiD, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Qinghua XuORCiD, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, Hanna Paulina ZbroszczykORCiD, Wangmei ZhaORCiD, C. Zhang, Dingwei ZhangORCiD, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Maria Katarzyna ŻurekORCiDGND, Maksym ZyzakGND
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-848848
URL:https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.09837v2
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2207.09837
ArXiv Id:http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.09837v2
Parent Title (English):arXiv
Publisher:arXiv
Document Type:Preprint
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2023/02/25
Date of first Publication:2023/02/25
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Creating Corporation:STAR Collaboration
Release Date:2024/08/12
Issue:2207.09837v2
Edition:Version 2
Page Number:12
Institutes:Wissenschaftliche Zentren und koordinierte Programme / Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS)
Dewey Decimal Classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 53 Physik / 530 Physik
Sammlungen:Universitätspublikationen
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International