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- Quantifizierung <Linguistik> (3) (entfernen)
This paper discusses a semantic analysis of three syntactic types of English each, namely, floated each, binominal each, and prenominal each. It is argued that floated each consists of two parts, a quantifier and an inaudible element which functions as its restrictor, which together form a tripartite quantificational structure when they compose with the predicate. Binominal each and an associated NP such as two topics (which is generally called the 'distributive share') are syntactically analyzed as forming a subject-predicate relation within a DP in which the NP undergoes so-called 'predicate inversion'. Semantically, binominal each is analyzed as having the same semantic value as floated each, while prenominal each is shown to have a different logical type from floated and binominal each. As can be seen from analogous constructions in some Romance languages, it does not lexically contain its restrictor.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der nominalen Katetorie MASS/COUNT im Bairischen. Die "traditionellen" Distinktionskriterien der sog. MASS/COUNT-Kategorie werden mitsamt der mit ihnen verbundenen Probleme dargestellt, und anhand einer empirischen Untersuchung am Bairischen die Schwierigkeiten ihrer Anwendbarkeit verdeutlicht. Bei der phänomenologischen Beschreibung der Verhältnisse im Bairischen wird auf die Begrifflichkeit eines Ansatzes aus dem Bereich der "Lexikalischen Typologie" zurückgegriffen, der die semantischen Dimensionen auseinanderdividiert, die m Zusammenhang mit der MASS/COUNT-Kategorisierung eine Rolle spielen (vgl. Behrens 1995, Behrens/Sasse 1998).
Proportional determiner quantifiers in German allow interpretations that violate the conservativity universal of Keenan and Stavi (1986). I argue for an analysis that distinguishes between surface syntax and the logical form of sentences. I show that in surface syntax, German non-conservative quantifiers are determiners that form a constituent with a noun phrase and share case and agreement properties with the noun phrase. But I propose that at logical form the non-conservative determiners undergo an adverbialization movement and are interpreted by a mechanism that generalizes focus-a ected quantification of Herburger (2000). This result refines the understanding of conservativity as a constraint on interpretation.