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The subgenus Portmannia Young (1980) of the Neotropical genus Desmopachriais characterized by its ovate, sometimes almost globose body form, smooth shining integument between relatively fine punctures, and sexually dimorphic prostemal process. In the females the prosternal process comes to a point as in other members of Desmopachria, but in males the process is bifid or forked. The species are found from Texas and Arizona to Brazil in South America. They are particularly abundant in Mexico. A key is given for twelve species which are described and figured. The following species are described as new: decorosus (Mexico), goias (Brazil), pittieri (Costa Rica), sobrina (Mexico) and zethus (Mexico). The color is variable. Some species are relatively darkly colored without distinct darker markings, and usually with some coarser punctation on part of the dorsum. These seem to be characteristic of the tropical forests (D. laevis Sharp and D. specula Sharp. D. goias is also dark with vague spots on the elytra). Most of the Mexican and Central American species are characterized by at least parts of the elytra being lighter in color than the head and pronotum, sometimes strikingly contrasting. The latter group may or may not have a distinct dark color patterns of the elytra or on head and pronotum. In both groups some species are intensely dark brown or black beneath, but this character maybe influenced by degree of hardening of the cuticle. Nearly all the species have darker markings along the suture of the elytra and base of the pronotum. Some species are distinctly patterned on the elytra which probably represents disruptive coloration helping to conceal them in the clear, sand-bottomed habitats in which most occur.
Homology of virtually all major components of facial anatomy is assessed in Archosauria in order to address the function of the antorbital cavity, an enigmatic structure that is diagnostic for the group. Proposed functions center on its being a housing for a gland, a muscle, or a paranasal air sinus. Homology is approached in the context of the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket method of reconstructing unpreserved aspects of extinct organisms. Facial anatomy and its ontogeny was studied in extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians) to determine the osteological correlates of each soft-tissue component; resemblances between birds and crocodilians comprised the similarity test of homology. The congruence test of homology involved surveying phyiogenetically relevant fossil archosaurs for these bony signatures. The facial anatomy of extant birds and crocodilians is examined in detail to provide background and to discover those apomorphic aspects that contribute to the divergent specialization of these two groups and thus obscure homologies. Birds apomorphically show enlarged eyeballs, expanded nasal vestibules, and reduced maxillae, whereas crocodilian faces are dorsoventrally flattened (due to nasal rotation) and elongated. Most facial attributes of archosaurs are demonstrably homologous and in fact characterize much more inclusive groups. Special emphasis has been placed on the nasal conchae and paranasal air sinuses. Within Amniota, the following conchal structures are homologous, and all others are neomorphs: avian caudal concha, crocodilian concha + preconcha, Sphenodon caudal concha, squamate concha, and probably the mammalian crista semicircularis. The avian antorhital paranasal air sinus is homologous with the crocodilian caviconchal sinus; the maxillary sinus of placental mammals is not homologous with the archosaurian paranasal sinus. With regard to the function of the antorbital cavity, archosaurs possess homologous nasal glands, dorsal pterygoideus muscles, and paranasal air sinuses, but the osteological correlates of only the paranasal sinus involve the antorbital fenestrae and fossae. Thus, the antorbital cavity is best interpreted as principally a pneumatic structure.
Occurrence of the milliped Ergodesmus compactus Chamberlin in Canada (Polydesmida: Nearctodesmidae)
(1995)
Recent collecting in southcentral British Columbia, near the International Border, has confirmed the Canadian occurrence of the milliped Ergodesmus compactus Chamberlin, which was predicted by field work in the adjacent part of the United States. With Nearctodesmus insulanus (Chamberlin) occupying the Shuswap Highlands and the Pacific Coastal region, the Nearctodesmidae is known from three separate regions of Canada, all in British Columbia. Other millipeds in the northwestern United States that may be reasonably anticipated in western Canada are discussed.
Diagnostic characters of Glaresis mendica Horn are discussed, and an undescribed species, confused with G. mendica by authors subsequent to Horn, is described as Glaresis gordoni new species. A second new species, Glaresis zvirgzdinsi, is described from two isolated sand dunes in Yuma County, Arizona, USA. Diagnostic characters of the new species, as well as those of G. mendica, are illustrated.
Arachnology and the Internet
(1995)
Book Review: Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World by Barry Bolton Bolton's aim in producing this book was to provide a means of identifying all extant ant genera, and to produce a catalog of existing and fossil genera, as well as the tribes and subfamilies of Formicidae. In accomplishing this goal, he has been thorough, meticulous, and lucid in his revision.
Taxonomic results of the Bryotrop expedition to Zaire and Rwanda : 29., Thuidiaceae, Thuidium
(1995)
For a revision of the African species see Touw (1976). The scarcity of Thuidium samples among the expedition’s collections is most surprising and inexplicable, considering the size of the expedition, the range of habitats and altitudes explored, and the many Thuidium collections made by others in this part of Africa.