TY  - JOUR
A1  - Friedauer, Lucie
A1  - Förch, Christian
A1  - Steinbach, Joachim Peter
A1  - Hattingen, Elke
A1  - Harter, Patrick Nikolaus
A1  - Armbrust, Moritz
A1  - Urban, Hans
A1  - Steidl, Eike
A1  - Neuhaus, Elisabeth
A1  - Brauchitsch, Sophie von
T1  - The acute superficial siderosis syndrome — clinical entity, imaging findings, and histopathology
T2  - The cerebellum
N2  - Superficial siderosis is a consequence of repetitive bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to toxic iron and hemosiderin deposits on the surface of the brain and spine. The clinical and radiological phenotypes of superficial siderosis are known to manifest over long time intervals. In contrast, this study defines the “acute superficial siderosis syndrome” and illustrates typical imaging and histopathological findings of this entity. We describe the case of a 61-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with a melanoma metastasis in the right frontal cortex in February 2019. Within a few weeks he developed a progressive syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, gait disturbance, signs of myelopathy, and radiculopathy. MRI revealed ongoing hemorrhage from the metastasis into the lateral ventricle and the subarachnoid space. A semiquantitative assessment of three subsequent MRI within an 8-week period documented the rapid development of superficial siderosis along the surface of the cerebellum, the brain stem, and the lower parts of the supratentorial regions on T2*-weighted sequences. The diagnosis of a superficial siderosis was histopathologically confirmed by identifying iron and hemosiderin deposits on the cortex along with astrogliosis. The recognition of this “acute superficial siderosis syndrome” triggered surgical removal of the hemorrhagic metastasis. Based on a single case presentation, we define the “acute superficial siderosis syndrome” as a clinical entity and describe the radiological and histopathological characteristics of this entity. Early recognition of this syndrome may allow timely elimination of the bleeding source, in order to prevent further clinical deterioration.
KW  - Siderosis
KW  - Ataxia
KW  - Cerebellum
KW  - Hemosiderin
KW  - Acute
Y1  - 2022
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/69621
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-696213
SN  - 1473-4230
N1  - Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
VL  - 22.2023
IS  - 2
SP  - 296
EP  - 304
PB  - Springer US
CY  - New York
ER  -