TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ringel, Oliver
A1  - Vieillard, Vincent
A1  - Debré, Patrice
A1  - Eichler, Jutta
A1  - Büning, Hildegard
A1  - Dietrich, Ursula
T1  - The hard way towards an antibody-based HIV-1 env vaccine : lessons from other viruses
T2  - Viruses
N2  - Although effective antibody-based vaccines have been developed against multiple viruses, such approaches have so far failed for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Despite the success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that has turned HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease and has reduced the number of new infections worldwide, a vaccine against HIV-1 is still urgently needed. We discuss here the major reasons for the failure of “classical” vaccine approaches, which are mostly due to the biological properties of the virus itself. HIV-1 has developed multiple mechanisms of immune escape, which also account for vaccine failure. So far, no vaccine candidate has been able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against primary patient viruses from different clades. However, such antibodies were identified in a subset of patients during chronic infection and were shown to protect from infection in animal models and to reduce viremia in first clinical trials. Their detailed characterization has guided structure-based reverse vaccinology approaches to design better HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens. Furthermore, conserved Env epitopes have been identified, which are promising candidates in view of clinical applications. Together with new vector-based technologies, considerable progress has been achieved in recent years towards the development of an effective antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine.
KW  - HIV-1
KW  - vaccine
KW  - Env
KW  - broadly neutralizing antibodies
KW  - structure-based reverse vaccinology
KW  - epitope vaccine
KW  - vectored vaccine
KW  - adeno-associated viruses (AAV)
Y1  - 2018
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/46342
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-463429
SN  - 1999-4915
N1  - This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (CC BY 4.0).
VL  - 10
IS  - 4, Art. 197
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -