TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lips, Katrin Susanne
A1  - Kauschke, Vivien
A1  - Hartmann, Sonja
A1  - Thormann, Ulrich
A1  - Ray, Seemun
A1  - Kampschulte, Marian
A1  - Langheinrich, Alexander
A1  - Schumacher, Matthias
A1  - Gelinsky, Michael
A1  - Heinemann, Sascha
A1  - Hanke, Thomas
A1  - Kautz, Armin R.
A1  - Schnabelrauch, Matthias
A1  - Schnettler, Reinhard
A1  - Heiss, Christian
A1  - Alt, Volker
A1  - Kilian, Olaf
T1  - Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels at the implant interface in a rat model of osteoporotic fractures
T2  - PLoS One
N2  - Insertion of bone substitution materials accelerates healing of osteoporotic fractures. Biodegradable materials are preferred for application in osteoporotic patients to avoid a second surgery for implant replacement. Degraded implant fragments are often absorbed by macrophages that are removed from the fracture side via passage through veins or lymphatic vessels. We investigated if lymphatic vessels occur in osteoporotic bone defects and whether they are regulated by the use of different materials. To address this issue osteoporosis was induced in rats using the classical method of bilateral ovariectomy and additional calcium and vitamin deficient diet. In addition, wedge-shaped defects of 3, 4, or 5 mm were generated in the distal metaphyseal area of femur via osteotomy. The 4 mm defects were subsequently used for implantation studies where bone substitution materials of calcium phosphate cement, composites of collagen and silica, and iron foams with interconnecting pores were inserted. Different materials were partly additionally functionalized by strontium or bisphosphonate whose positive effects in osteoporosis treatment are well known. The lymphatic vessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against podoplanin. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels were detected in the granulation tissue filling the fracture gap, surrounding the implant and growing into the iron foam through its interconnected pores. Significant more lymphatic capillaries were counted at the implant interface of composite, strontium and bisphosphonate functionalized iron foam. A significant increase was also observed in the number of lymphatics situated in the pores of strontium coated iron foam. In conclusion, our results indicate the occurrence of lymphatic vessels in osteoporotic bone. Our results show that lymphatic vessels are localized at the implant interface and in the fracture gap where they might be involved in the removal of lymphocytes, macrophages, debris and the implants degradation products. Therefore the lymphatic vessels are involved in implant integration and fracture healing.
Y1  - 2013
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/31784
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-317842
SN  - 1932-6203
N1  - Copyright: © 2013 Lips et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
VL  - 8
IS  - (10):e77259
PB  - PLoS
CY  - Lawrence, Kan.
ER  -