TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bachmann, Malte
A1  - Horn, Katharina
A1  - Rudloff, Ina
A1  - Goren, Itamar
A1  - Holdener, Martin
A1  - Christen, Urs
A1  - Darsow, Nicole
A1  - Hunfeld, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Köhl, Ulrike
A1  - Kind, Peter
A1  - Pfeilschifter, Josef
A1  - Kraiczy, Peter
A1  - Mühl, Heiko
T1  - Early production of IL-22 but not IL-17 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to live Borrelia burgdorferi: the role of monocytes and interleukin-1
T2  - PLoS pathogens
N2  - If insufficiently treated, Lyme borreliosis can evolve into an inflammatory disorder affecting skin, joints, and the CNS. Early innate immunity may determine host responses targeting infection. Thus, we sought to characterize the immediate cytokine storm associated with exposure of PBMC to moderate levels of live Borrelia burgdorferi. Since Th17 cytokines are connected to host defense against extracellular bacteria, we focused on interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. Here, we report that, despite induction of inflammatory cytokines including IL-23, IL-17 remained barely detectable in response to B. burgdorferi. In contrast, T cell-dependent expression of IL-22 became evident within 10 h of exposure to the spirochetes. This dichotomy was unrelated to interferon-gamma but to a large part dependent on caspase-1 and IL-1 bioactivity derived from monocytes. In fact, IL-1beta as a single stimulus induced IL-22 but not IL-17. Neutrophils display antibacterial activity against B. burgdorferi, particularly when opsonized by antibodies. Since neutrophilic inflammation, indicative of IL-17 bioactivity, is scarcely observed in Erythema migrans, a manifestation of skin inflammation after infection, protective and antibacterial properties of IL-22 may close this gap and serve essential functions in the initial phase of spirochete infection.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/20059
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-83153
SN  - 1553-7374
N1  - Copyright: © 2010 Bachmann et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
VL  - 6
IS  - (10): e1001144
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - PLoS
CY  - Lawrence, Kan.
ER  -