TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gijsberts, Crystel M.
A1  - Groenewegen, Karlijn A.
A1  - Hoefer, Imo E.
A1  - Eijkemans, Marinus J. C.
A1  - Asselbergs, Folkert W.
A1  - Anderson, Todd J.
A1  - Britton, Annie R.
A1  - Dekker, Jacqueline M.
A1  - Engström, Gunnar
A1  - Evans, Greg W.
A1  - Graaf, Jacqueline de
A1  - Grobbee, Diederick E.
A1  - Hedblad, Bo
A1  - Holewijn, Suzanne
A1  - Ikeda, Ai
A1  - Kitagawa, Kazuo
A1  - Kitamura, Akihiko
A1  - Kleijn, Dominique P. V. de
A1  - Lonn, Eva M.
A1  - Lorenz, Matthias
A1  - Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
A1  - Nijpels, Giel
A1  - Okazaki, Shuhei
A1  - O'Leary, Daniel H.
A1  - Pasterkamp, Gerard
A1  - Peters, Sanne A. E.
A1  - Polak, Joseph F.
A1  - Price, Jacqueline F.
A1  - Robertson, Christine
A1  - Rembold, Christopher M.
A1  - Rosvall, Maria
A1  - Rundek, Tatjana
A1  - Salonen, Jukka T.
A1  - Sitzer, Matthias
A1  - Stehouwer, Coen D. A.
A1  - Bots, Michiel L.
A1  - Ruijter, Hester M. den
T1  - Race/ethnic differences in the associations of the Framingham risk factors with carotid IMT and cardiovascular events
T2  - PLoS One
N2  - Background: Clinical manifestations and outcomes of atherosclerotic disease differ between ethnic groups. In addition, the prevalence of risk factors is substantially different. Primary prevention programs are based on data derived from almost exclusively White people. We investigated how race/ethnic differences modify the associations of established risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
Methods: We used data from an ongoing individual participant meta-analysis involving 17 population-based cohorts worldwide. We selected 60,211 participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline with available data on ethnicity (White, Black, Asian or Hispanic). We generated a multivariable linear regression model containing risk factors and ethnicity predicting mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and a multivariable Cox regression model predicting myocardial infarction or stroke. For each risk factor we assessed how the association with the preclinical and clinical measures of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease was affected by ethnicity.
Results: Ethnicity appeared to significantly modify the associations between risk factors and CIMT and cardiovascular events. The association between age and CIMT was weaker in Blacks and Hispanics. Systolic blood pressure associated more strongly with CIMT in Asians. HDL cholesterol and smoking associated less with CIMT in Blacks. Furthermore, the association of age and total cholesterol levels with the occurrence of cardiovascular events differed between Blacks and Whites.
Conclusion: The magnitude of associations between risk factors and the presence of atherosclerotic disease differs between race/ethnic groups. These subtle, yet significant differences provide insight in the etiology of cardiovascular disease among race/ethnic groups. These insights aid the race/ethnic-specific implementation of primary prevention.
Y1  - 2015
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/37982
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-379829
SN  - 1932-6203
N1  - Copyright: © 2015 Gijsberts et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
VL  - 10
IS  - (7): e0132321
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - PLoS
CY  - Lawrence, Kan.
ER  -