TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Katharina
A1  - Herrmann, Eva
A1  - Amendt, Jens
A1  - Verhoff, Marcel A.
A1  - Zehner, Richard
T1  - Age‑dependent gene expression of Calliphora vicina pupae (Diptera:  Calliphoridae) at constant and fluctuating temperatures
T2  - International journal of legal medicine
N2  - Estimating the age of the developmental stages of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is of forensic relevance for the determination of the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin). Fly eggs and larvae can be aged using anatomical and morphological characters and their modification during development. However, such methods can only hardly be applied for aging fly pupae. Previous study described age estimation of C. vicina pupae using gene expression, but just when reared at constant temperatures, but fluctuating temperatures represent a more realistic scenario at a crime scene. Therefore, age-dependent gene expression of C. vicina pupae were compared at 3 fluctuating and 3 constant temperatures, the latter representing the mean values of the fluctuating profiles. The chosen marker genes showed uniform expression patterns during metamorphosis of C. vicina pupae bred at different temperature conditions (constant or fluctuating) but the same mean temperature (e.g. constant 10 °C vs. fluctuating 5–15 °C). We present an R-based statistical tool, which enables estimation of the age of the examined pupa based on the analysed gene expression data.
KW  - Forensic entomology
KW  - Blow flies
KW  - Age estimation
KW  - Analysis tool
KW  - Post-mortem interval
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/64061
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-640614
SN  - 1437-1596
N1  - Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
VL  - 135
SP  - 2625
EP  - 2635
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  -