TY  - JOUR
A1  - Taremi Zadeh, Ashkan
A1  - Mälzer, Moritz
A1  - Simon, Jonas
A1  - Beck, Sebastian
A1  - Moll, Jochen
A1  - Krozer, Viktor
T1  - Range–doppler analysis for rain detection at Ka-band: numerical and experimental results From laboratory and field measurements
T2  - IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing
N2  - Radar technology in the millimeter-wave frequency band offers many interesting features for wind park surveillance, such as structural monitoring of rotor blades or the detection of bats and birds in the vicinity of wind turbines (WTs). Currently, the majority of WTs are affected by shutdown algorithms to minimize animal fatalities via direct collision with the rotor blades or barotrauma effects. The presence of rain is an important parameter in the definition of those algorithms together with wind speed, temperature, time of the day, and season of the year. A Ka-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar (33.4-36.0 GHz) installed at the tower of a 2-MW WT was used during a field study. We have observed characteristic rain-induced patterns, based on the range-Doppler algorithm. To better understand those signatures, we have developed a laboratory experiment and implemented a numerical modeling framework. Experimental and numerical results for rain detection and classification are presented and discussed here. Based on this article, a bat- and bird-friendly adaptive WT control can be developed for improved WT efficiency in periods of rain and, at the same time, reduced animal mortality.
KW  - Rain
KW  - Doppler radar
KW  - FM radar
KW  - meteorological radar
KW  - radar detection
KW  - radar imaging
KW  - rain
KW  - remote sensing by radar
KW  - synthetic aperture radar
KW  - wind
KW  - wind turbines
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - millimeter wave radar
KW  - radar signal processing
KW  - wind energy
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/55280
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-552802
SN  - 2151-1535
SN  - 1939-1404
N1  - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
VL  - 13
SP  - 1027
EP  - 1033
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
CY  - Los Alamitos
ER  -