TY  - JOUR
A1  - Visser, Linda
A1  - Kalmar, Julia
A1  - Linkersdörfer, Janosch
A1  - Görgen, Ruth
A1  - Rothe, Josefine
A1  - Hasselhorn, Marcus
A1  - Schulte-Körne, Gerd
T1  - Comorbidities between specific learning disorders and psychopathology in elementary school children in Germany
T2  - Frontiers in psychiatry
N2  - Children with reading and/or spelling disorders have increased rates of behavioral and emotional problems and combinations of these. Some studies also find increased rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression. However, the comorbidities of, e.g., arithmetic disorders with ADHD, anxiety disorder, and depression have been addressed only rarely. The current study explored the probability of children with specific learning disorders (SLD) in reading, spelling, and/or arithmetic to also have anxiety disorder, depression, ADHD, and/or conduct disorder. The sample consisted of 3,014 German children from grades 3 and 4 (mean age 9;9 years) who completed tests assessing reading, spelling as well as arithmetic achievement and intelligence via a web-based application. Psychopathology was assessed using questionnaires filled in by the parents. In children with a SLD we found high rates of anxiety disorder (21%), depression (28%), ADHD (28%), and conduct disorder (22%). Children with SLD in multiple learning domains had a higher risk for psychopathology and had a broader spectrum of psychopathology than children with an isolated SLD. The results highlight the importance of screening for and diagnosing psychiatric comorbidities in children with SLD.
KW  - specific learning disorder
KW  - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW  - depression
KW  - anxiety disorder
KW  - conduct disorder
Y1  - 2020
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/54324
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-543245
SN  - 1664-0640
N1  - Copyright © 2020 Visser, Kalmar, Linkersdörfer, Görgen, Rothe, Hasselhorn and Schulte-Körne. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
VL  - 11
IS  - 292
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -