TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grässel, Susanne
A1  - Zaucke, Frank
A1  - Madry, Henning
T1  - Osteoarthritis: novel molecular mechanisms increase our understanding of the disease pathology
T2  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - Although osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition that causes significant health and social problems worldwide, its exact etiology is still unclear. With an aging and increasingly obese population, OA is becoming even more prevalent than in previous decades. Up to 35% of the world’s population over 60 years of age suffers from symptomatic (painful, disabling) OA. The disease poses a tremendous economic burden on the health-care system and society for diagnosis, treatment, sick leave, rehabilitation, and early retirement. Most patients also experience sleep disturbances, reduced capability for exercising, lifting, and walking and are less capable of working, and maintaining an independent lifestyle. For patients, the major problem is disability, resulting from joint tissue destruction and pain. So far, there is no therapy available that effectively arrests structural deterioration of cartilage and bone or is able to successfully reverse any of the existing structural defects. Here, we elucidate novel concepts and hypotheses regarding disease progression and pathology, which are relevant for understanding underlying the molecular mechanisms as a prerequisite for future therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on topographical modeling of the disease, the role of proteases and cytokines in OA, and the impact of the peripheral nervous system and its neuropeptides.
KW  - OA
KW  - cartilage
KW  - synovitis
KW  - subchondral bone
KW  - inflammation
KW  - neuropeptides
KW  - macrophages
KW  - cytokines
KW  - topographical pattern
KW  - joint innervation
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/62122
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-621221
SN  - 2077-0383
N1  - This research was supported in part by the German Society for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery (DGOOC) with a grant for osteoarthritis related research.
VL  - 10
IS  - 9, art. 1938
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -