TY - UNPD A1 - Mann, Matthias A1 - Schmidt-Schauß, Manfred T1 - How to prove similarity a precongruence in non-deterministic call-by-need lambda calculi T2 - Technical report Frank / Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Institut für Informatik ; 22 N2 - Extending the method of Howe, we establish a large class of untyped higher-order calculi, in particular such with call-by-need evaluation, where similarity, also called applicative simulation, can be used as a proof tool for showing contextual preorder. The paper also demonstrates that Mann’s approach using an intermediate “approximation” calculus scales up well from a basic call-by-need non-deterministic lambdacalculus to more expressive lambda calculi. I.e., it is demonstrated, that after transferring the contextual preorder of a non-deterministic call-byneed lambda calculus to its corresponding approximation calculus, it is possible to apply Howe’s method to show that similarity is a precongruence. The transfer is not treated in this paper. The paper also proposes an optimization of the similarity-test by cutting off redundant computations. Our results also applies to deterministic or non-deterministic call-by-value lambda-calculi, and improves upon previous work insofar as it is proved that only closed values are required as arguments for similaritytesting instead of all closed expressions. T3 - Technical report Frank / Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Institut für Informatik - 22 KW - similarity KW - precongruence KW - contextual equivalence KW - non-determinism KW - call-by-need lambda calculus Y1 - 2006 UR - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2835 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-25743 UR - http://www.ki.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de/papers/mann/pc_sim_ndnd_IB200106.pdf EP - 31 PB - Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Univ., Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Inst. für Informatik, Research group for Artificial Intelligence and Software Technology CY - Frankfurt [am Main] ER -