TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sharma, Rahul
A1  - Xia, Xiaojuan
A1  - Riess, Kai
A1  - Bauer, Robert
A1  - Thines, Marco
T1  - Comparative genomics including the early-diverging smut fungus ceraceosorus bombacis reveals signatures of parallel evolution within plant and animal pathogens of fungi and oomycetes
T2  - Genome biology and evolution
N2  - Ceraceosorus bombacis is an early-diverging lineage of smut fungi and a pathogen of cotton trees (Bombax ceiba). To study the evolutionary genomics of smut fungi in comparison with other fungal and oomycete pathogens, the genome of C. bombacis was sequenced and comparative genomic analyses were performed. The genome of 26.09 Mb encodes for 8,024 proteins, of which 576 are putative-secreted effector proteins (PSEPs). Orthology analysis revealed 30 ortholog PSEPs among six Ustilaginomycotina genomes, the largest groups of which are lytic enzymes, such as aspartic peptidase and glycoside hydrolase. Positive selection analyses revealed the highest percentage of positively selected PSEPs in C. bombacis compared with other Ustilaginomycotina genomes. Metabolic pathway analyses revealed the absence of genes encoding for nitrite and nitrate reductase in the genome of the human skin pathogen Malassezia globosa, but these enzymes are present in the sequenced plant pathogens in smut fungi. Interestingly, these genes are also absent in cultivable oomycete animal pathogens, while nitrate reductase has been lost in cultivable oomycete plant pathogens. Similar patterns were also observed for obligate biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, it was found that both fungal and oomycete animal pathogen genomes are lacking cutinases and pectinesterases. Overall, these findings highlight the parallel evolution of certain genomic traits, revealing potential common evolutionary trajectories among fungal and oomycete pathogens, shaping the pathogen genomes according to their lifestyle.
KW  - comparative genomics
KW  - convergent evolution
KW  - evolutionary biology
KW  - metabolic pathways
KW  - positive selection
KW  - smut fungi
KW  - Ustilaginomycotina
Y1  - 2016
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/31294
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-312943
N1  - (c) The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits
non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
SP  - 2781
EP  - 2798
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  -