TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagenfeld, Daniel
A1  - Koch, Raphael
A1  - Jünemann, Sebastian
A1  - Prior, Karola
A1  - Harks, Inga
A1  - Eickholz, Peter
A1  - Hoffmann, Thomas
A1  - Kim, Ti-Sun
A1  - Kocher, Thomas
A1  - Meyle, Jörg
A1  - Kaner, Doğan
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich
A1  - Ehmke, Benjamin
A1  - Harmsen, Dag
T1  - Do we treat our patients or rather periodontal microbes with adjunctive antibiotics in periodontal therapy? : a 16S rDNA microbial community analysis
T2  - PLoS one
N2  - Empiric antibiotics are often used in combination with mechanical debridement to treat patients suffering from periodontitis and to eliminate disease-associated pathogens. Until now, only a few next generation sequencing 16S rDNA amplicon based publications with rather small sample sizes studied the effect of those interventions on the subgingival microbiome. Therefore, we studied subgingival samples of 89 patients with chronic periodontitis (solely non-smokers) before and two months after therapy. Forty-seven patients received mechanical periodontal therapy only, whereas 42 patients additionally received oral administered amoxicillin plus metronidazole (500 and 400 mg, respectively; 3x/day for 7 days). Samples were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 300 base pairs paired end technology (V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rDNA). Inter-group differences before and after therapy of clinical variables (percentage of sites with pocket depth ≥ 5mm, percentage of sites with bleeding on probing) and microbiome variables (diversity, richness, evenness, and dissimilarity) were calculated, a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was conducted, and differential abundance of agglomerated ribosomal sequence variants (aRSVs) classified on genus level was calculated using a negative binomial regression model. We found statistically noticeable decreased richness, and increased dissimilarity in the antibiotic, but not in the placebo group after therapy. The PCoA revealed a clear compositional separation of microbiomes after therapy in the antibiotic group, which could not be seen in the group receiving mechanical therapy only. This difference was even more pronounced on aRSV level. Here, adjunctive antibiotics were able to induce a microbiome shift by statistically noticeably reducing aRSVs belonging to genera containing disease-associated species, e.g., Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema, and Aggregatibacter, and by noticeably increasing genera containing health-associated species. Mechanical therapy alone did not statistically noticeably affect any disease-associated taxa. Despite the difference in microbiome modulation both therapies improved the tested clinical parameters after two months. These results cast doubt on the relevance of the elimination and/or reduction of disease-associated taxa as a main goal of periodontal therapy.
KW  - Antibiotics
KW  - Microbiome
KW  - Periodontitis
KW  - Shannon index
KW  - Teeth
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Bacterial pathogens
KW  - Next-generation sequencing
Y1  - 2018
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/46340
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-463407
SN  - 1932-6203
N1  - Copyright: © 2018 Hagenfeld et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
VL  - 13
IS  - (4): e0195534
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - PLoS
CY  - Lawrence, Kan.
ER  -