TY  - JOUR
A1  - Irl, Severin
A1  - Schweiger, Andreas
A1  - Steinbauer, Manuel
A1  - Ah-Peng, Claudine
A1  - Arévalo, José Ramón
A1  - Beierkuhnlein, Carl
A1  - Chiarucci, Alessandro
A1  - Daehler, Curtis C.
A1  - Fernández-Palacios, José María
A1  - Flores, Olivier
A1  - Küffer, Christoph
A1  - Maděra, Petr
A1  - Otto, Rüdiger
A1  - Schweiger, Julienne
A1  - Strasberg, Dominique
A1  - Jentsch-Beierkuhnlein, Anke
T1  - Human impact, climate and dispersal strategies determine plant invasion on islands
T2  - Journal of biogeography
N2  - Aim: Biological invasions are likely determined by species dispersal strategies as well as environmental characteristics of a recipient region, especially climate and human impact. However, the contribution of climatic factors, human impact, and dispersal strategies in driving invasion processes is still controversial and not well embedded in the existing theoretical considerations. Here, we study how climate, species dispersal strategies, and human impact determine plant invasion processes on islands distributed in all major oceans in the context of directional ecological filtering.
Location: Six mountainous, tropical, and subtropical islands in three major oceans: Island of Hawai'i and Maui (Pacific), Tenerife and La Palma (Atlantic), and La Réunion and Socotra (Indian Ocean).
Taxon: Vascular Plants.
Methods: We recorded 360 non-native species in 218 plots along roadside elevational transects covering the major temperature, precipitation and human impact (i.e., road density) gradients of the islands. We collected dispersal strategies for a majority of the recorded species and calculated the environmental niche per species using a hypervolume approach.
Results: Non-native species’ generalism (i.e., mean community niche width) increased with precipitation, elevation and human impact but showed no relationship with temperature. Increasing precipitation led to environmental filtering of non-native species resulting in more generalist species under high precipitation conditions. We found no directional filtering for temperature but an optimum range of most species between 10 and 20°C. Niche widths of non-native species increased with the prevalence of certain dispersal strategies, particularly anemochory and anthropochory.
Main conclusions: Plant invasion on tropical and subtropical islands seems to be mainly driven by precipitation and human impact, while temperature seems to be of little importance. Furthermore, anemochory and anthropochory are dispersal strategies associated with large niche widths of non-native species. Our study allows a more detailed look at the mechanisms behind directional ecological filtering of non-native plant species in non-temperature-limited ecosystems.
KW  - biogeography
KW  - climate
KW  - dispersal
KW  - invasion ecology
KW  - island
KW  - niche
KW  - plant functional traits
KW  - roads
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/61778
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-617787
SN  - 1365-2699
IS  - Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -