TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roden, Ingo
A1  - Friedrich, Esther Kamala
A1  - Etzler, Sonja
A1  - Frankenberg, Emily
A1  - Kreutz, Gunter
A1  - Bongard, Stephan
T1  - Development and preliminary validation of the Emotions while Learning an Instrument Scale (ELIS)
T2  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Learning to play a musical instrument is associated with different, partially conflicting emotions. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of the Emotions while Learning an Instrument Scale (ELIS). In a longitudinal study with 545 German elementary school children factorial structure and psychometric properties were evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-factor solution measuring Positive musical Emotions while Learning an Instrument (PELI) and Negative Emotions while Learning an Instrument (NELI). Both subscales yielded scores with adequate internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = .74, .86) and relatively stable retest reliabilities over 18 months (r = .11 -.56). Preliminary evidence of congruent and divergent validity of the subscales is provided. Implications for future research of musical emotional experiences in children are discussed.
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Human learning
KW  - Children
KW  - Schools
KW  - Psychological stress
KW  - Music perception
KW  - Learning
KW  - Music cognition
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/64437
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-644370
SN  - 1932-6203
N1  - This research was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Science (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; FKZ: 01KJ0807). Stephan Bongard and Gunter Kreutz received the award. No - The funder did not play any role in the study design, the data collection and analyses, the decision to publish or in the preparation process of the manuscript.
VL  - 16
IS  - 8, art. e0255019
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  -