Open Access

Emilie Balátová-Tulácková, Olga Kontrisová

• Das Landschaftsschutzgebiet und Biosphärenreservat Pol’ana ist sehr reich an Pflanzenarten und Pflanzengesellschaften. Innerhalb der Ordnung Molinietalia werden 18 Assoziationen unterschieden, neun aus dem Calthenion, vier aus dem Filipendulenion und fünf aus dem Molinion. In Bezug auf die Subassoziationen zeigt das Cirsio palustris-Calthetum die größte Diversität. In phytogeographischer Hinsicht gibt es nur vier Assoziationen, deren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt im Carpaticum liegt; drei sind an kontinental geprägtes Klima gebunden, zwei zeigen submediterran-subkontinentale Verbreitung­stendenz, zwei andere haben enge chorologische Beziehungen zum Hercynicum. Groß ist auch die Zahl der unter Schutz stehenden Pflanzenarten in den meisten untersuchten Gesellschaften.
• The paper deals with the description of moist to moist-wet spring meadow and forb-rich associa­tions (basic phytocenological units according the Zürich-Montpellier school) occuring in the Land­scape Natural Reserve Pol’ana and its neighbouring, border regions. The diversity of the flora and of the plant communities here is enormous, due mainly to the position of the area on the edges of the floristic regions Carpaticum and Pannonicum, to great altitude differences and to the different water régi­mes and nutrient levels resulting from the geological substrate. For this reason the area of Pol’ana was declared a Biospheric Reserve. Of the moist to moist-wet spring, meadow and forb-rich communities classified into the order Molinietalia, 18 associations were ascertained and described. Their distributions are due to the ecologi­cal conditions on the sites. Phytogegraphical conditions are also of great importance. Most of the asso­ciations, namely Cirsietum rivularis, Trollio-Cirsietum rivularis, Cirsio palustris-Calthetum and Trollio-Filipenduletum, have their center of distribution in the Carpaticum, followed by the associations whose optimal distribution tends toward the subcontinental (Scirpo-Cirsietum cani, Serratulo-Festucetum commutatae, Caricetum cespitosae) or submediterranean-subcontinental type of climate (Filipendulo-Menthetum longifoliae, Gentiano pneumonanthis-Molinietum litoralis). On the other hand, two com­munities, viz. Scirpo-Juncetum filiformis and Sanguisorbo-Festucetum commutatae, are bound to the Hercynicum to the west. The remaining associations have a larger distribution area. In our area, 20 protected plant species can be found in the communities under study, thanks to lack of eutrophication and drainage.