Open Access

Peter Collin

• Zum Gegenstand der Polizeiwissenschaft gehörte – jedenfalls unter der Herrschaft eines weiten Polizeibegriffs – auch die staatliche Sorge für die Wirtschaft. Die Herausbildung der Wirtschaft als eines eigenständigen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystems, also eines sozialen Bereichs, für den die Geltung von Leitprinzipien eigener Art beansprucht wird, fällt auf das Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Am Beginn der nachhaltigen Durchsetzung eines staatsunabhängigen wirtschaftlichen Denkens steht das Werk von Adam Smith, der die klassische Nationalökonomie begründete. Die Polizeiwissenschaft traf nun auf einen Gegenstand, für den eine überaus mächtige Theorie die Erklärungshoheit beanspruchte. Welche Konsequenzen ergaben sich daraus? Dieser Frage soll am Beispiel der staatlichen Kapitalhilfen für Unternehmen nachgegangen werden. ...
• A wide conception of state administration would also include the science of economics. With the triumphal progress of the doctrine of Adam Smith from the end of the 18th century this part of state administration also came within the sphere of influence of the national economy. This formed a theoretical partial discipline, which subsumed the determinants of the development of wealth. This theoretical part, the pure theory of political economy, contained those principles which should determine the practical part, the practice of economics. On the other hand, the theory of political economy considered practice in the process of the drafting of economic postulates. Both partial disciplines interacted and influenced the doctrines of state administration. This process will be described by means of writers influenced by the work of Adam Smith (Sartorius, Kraus, Lüder, Soden, Jakob, Lotz, Rau) and using the example of governmental financial support for private enterprises. All these authors shared the doctrine of the absence of state intervention. But the state was nevertheless considered responsible for the prosperity of the country and had to intervene if private means failed and if the public welfare was to be protected. Based on these assumptions, criteria for the justification of state assistance were developed. Financial support was acceptable as sponsorship for innovation, as temporary aid in times of crisis and as an instrument of socio-political stabilization. The same types of financial aid were practiced by government In the administration of states based on the rule of law (Robert von Mohl), national-economic and judicial principles moved in the same direction. The justifications of financial aid were concordant with the economic justifications. Thus the shaping of the national economy took on a juridical character.