Open Access

In 2005 we started a study of the ecology and evolutionary history of damselflies of the genus Nesobasis, endemic to Fiji. In addition we made account of the species of Zygoptera present at our study sites, and made notes on the Anisoptera. In general, the odonate fauna of the Fiji archipelago is poorly studied. Here, we provide an historical overview of the knowledge on this fauna and give details of the species we encountered in August - September 2005. We made observations and collected voucher specimens for 2 species of the genus Ischnura, 2 of the genus Agriocnemis, 1 of the genus Austrolestes, 7 of the genus Melanesobasis and 25 of the genus Nesobasis. For Melanesobasis we also made account of an additional subspecies. Further, we discovered 2 species of damselfly new to science, 1 on Viti Levu and 1 on Vanua Levu, both belonging to the genus Nesobasis. Our results indicate that further exploration within the Fiji archipelago will be rewarding and that more species new to science are to be discovered. We hope our work will spur further interest in the Pacific, which will be essential if we are to conserve the unique community of damselflies encountered in this region.