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I saw a good deal of the country much more than any other collector1. Eugene [Fitzherbert Albini] Fitzalan (1830–1911) came to Australia from Ireland about 1849. His first significant appointment as a botanical collector was on the Queensland Government’s expedition to investigate the estuary of the Burdekin River in 1860, commanded by Joseph W. Smith RN on the Schooner Spitfire. Fitzalan was engaged as a plant collector by Ferdinand Mueller, the Government Botanist for the Colony of Victoria. Following the Burdekin Expedition of 1860, Fitzalan became a pioneer settler in 1861, at the newly proclaimed township of Bowen (Port Denison) from where he undertook collecting excursions to Mount Dryander, Mount Elliot, Townsville, Cairns, Daintree River and Cooktown, whilst establishing and managing a seed and plant nursery business. He was a contemporary and/or collecting companion of F.M.Bailey, Charles Weldon Birch, Edward Bowman, John Dallachy, Amalie Dietrich, Stephen Johnson, Walter Hill, Frederick Kilner, L.G. Nugent and Walter Froggatt. Fitzalan moved to Cairns in 1886, and became active in the initial development of the Cairns Municipal Botanical Reserve, the site of the future heritage-listed Cairns Botanic Gardens. Fitzalan’s collections number to about 2200 herbarium specimens. This number places him in the top five most productive collectors in Queensland for the 1860–1900 period. His specimens were initially dispatched to Ferdinand Mueller in Melbourne, and most are now conserved in the National Herbarium of Victoria [MEL]. A small number of specimens and duplicates are conserved in other Australian and international herbaria, including BM, BR, BRI, FI, G, HAL, K, NSW, U and W. About 90 of Fitzalan’s collections are relevant to typification, and he is eponymously connected to at least 12 taxa, of which five are the currently used names. As well as examining Fitzalan’s primary plant collecting activities, this work provides a broad biographical background and assesses his horticultural contributions.
The Australian paintings of Marianne North, 1880–1881: landscapes 'doomed shortly to disappear'
(2020)
The 80 paintings of Australian flora, fauna and landscapes by English artist Marianne North (1830-1890), completed during her travels in 1880–1881, provide a record of the Australian environment rarely presented by artists at that time. In the words of her mentor Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, director of Kew Gardens, North's objective was to capture landscapes that were 'doomed shortly to disappear before the axe and the forest fires, the plough and the flock, or the ever advancing settler or colonist'. In addition to her paintings, North wrote books recollecting her travels, in which she presented her observations and explained the relevance of her paintings, within the principles of a 'Darwinian vision,' and inevitable and rapid environmental change. By examining her paintings and writings together, North's works provide a documented narrative of the state of the Australian environment in the late nineteenthcentury, filtered through the themes of personal botanical discovery, colonial expansion and British imperialism.
