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This paper proposes the Shannon entropy as an appropriate one-dimensional measure of behavioural trading patterns in financial markets. The concept is applied to the illustrative example of algorithmic vs. non-algorithmic trading and empirical data from Deutsche Börse's electronic cash equity trading system, Xetra. The results reveal pronounced differences between algorithmic and non-algorithmic traders. In particular, trading patterns of algorithmic traders exhibit a medium degree of regularity while non-algorithmic trading tends towards either very regular or very irregular trading patterns. JEL Classification: C40, D0, G14, G15, G20
Wir verwenden eine neue, auf der Burr-Verteilung basierende Spezifikation aus der Familie der Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) Modelle zur ökonometrischen Analyse der Transaktionsintensitäten während der Börseneinführung (IPO) der Deutsche Telekom Aktie. In diesem Fallbeispiel wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des neu entwickelten Burr-ACD-Modells mit den Standardmodellen von Engle und Russell verglichen, die im Burr-ACD Modell als Spezialfälle enthalten sind. Wir diskutieren außerdem alternative Möglichkeiten, Intra- Tagessaisonalitäten der Handelsintensität in ACD Modellen zu berücksichtigen.
This study analyses the effects of public sector sponsored vocational training (PSVT) on individuals’ unemployment duration in West Germany for the period from 1985 to 1993. The data is taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). To resolve the intriguing sample selection problem, i.e. to find an adequate control group for the group of trainees, we employ matching methods. These matching methods use the individual propensity to participate in training, which is obtained by estimating a panel probit model as the main matching variable. On the basis of the matched sample a discrete time hazard rate model is utilized to assess the effects of training participation on unemployment duration. Our results indicate that a significant positive effect on reemployment chances due to PSVT can only be expected for courses with a duration of no longer than six months. No significant positive effects on post-training reemployment chances where found for courses lasting longer than six months. In fact these PSVT courses are significantly less effective at increasing reemployment chances than those lasting no longer than three months. JEL classification: C40, J20, J64
In this study we are concerned with the impact of vocational training on the individual’s unemployment duration in West Germany. The data basis used is the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for the period from 1984 to 1994. To resolve the intriguing sample selection problem, i.e. to find an adequate control group for the group of trainees, we employ matching methods which were developed in the statistical literature. These matching methods uses as the main matching variable the individual propensity score to participate in training, which is obtained by estimating a random effects probit model. On the basis of the matched sample a discrete time hazard rate model is utilized to assess the impact of vocational training on unemployment duration. Our results indicate, that training significantly raises the transition rate of unemployed into employment in the short but not in the long run. JEL classification: C40, J20, J64
This paper provides a review of empirical evidence relating to the impact of training on employment performance. Since a central issue in estimating training effects is the sample selection problem a short theoretical discussion of different evaluation strategies is given. The empirical overview primarily focuses on non-experimental evidence for Germany. In addition selected studies for other countries and experimental investigations are discussed.
This paper is intended as a short survey of the most relevant methods for grouped transition data. The fundamentals of duration analysis are discussed in a continuous time framework, whereas the treatment of methods for discrete durations is limited to the peculiarity of these models. In addition, some recent empirical applications of the methods are discussed.
We estimate a semiparametric single-risk discrete-time duration model to assess the effect of vocational training on the duration of unemployment spells. The data basis used in this study is the German Socio-Economic-Panel (GSOEP) for West Germany for the period from 1986 to 1994. To take into account a possible selection bias actual participation in vocational training is instrumented using estimates of a randomeffects probit model for the participation in qualification measures. Our main results show that training does have a significant short term effect of reducing unemployment duration but that this effect does not persist in the long run. JEL classifications: C41, J20, J64
