Refine
Document Type
- Article (5)
- Part of a Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (6)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (6)
Keywords
- BPTF (1)
- Complementation (1)
- Ditransitive verbs (1)
- Ditransitives Verb (1)
- Ergänzung <Linguistik> (1)
- Fachsprache (1)
- Fachwissen (1)
- Flexion (1)
- Grammatik (1)
- HSP (hereditary spastic paraplegia) (1)
Institute
- Medizin (2)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
Together with its central complements, verbs model basic patterns of interaction. The constellations of these complements in turn correspond to central patterns of the argument structure. Nominative and accusative complements formally occupy the first and second positions (subject and object), but they also have certain semantic preferences. The formal function of the dative is less pronounced, where it occurs (ditransitive verbs) the semantic imprint of the frame ("transfer") is very strong. This corresponds to the meaning of a core group of corresponding verbs. Other verbs that allow this pattern are used more often in other valence structures and the ditransitive use appears as a systematic way of personal extension of object‑related activities. This will be discussed with reference to the verbs 'zeigen' and (in a different way) 'lehren'.
Eine am Gebrauch orientierte Sprachbeschreibung ist auch in der Grammatik mit sprachlicher Variation und mit Veränderungen des Gebrauchs konfrontiert. Anhand dreier Beispiele aus dem zentralen Bereich der deutschen Grammatik soll gezeigt werden, dass sich in der Variation, die man dort beobachtet, eine funktionale Nutzung des vorhandenen Inventars darstellt. Diese funktionale Nutzung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass seltenere und daher synchron auffälligere Konstruktionen für spezifische Funktionen genutzt werden. Der Genitiv ist tatsächlich aus formalen Gründen seiner Morphologie auffällig. Er ist nicht vom Dativ unterschieden beim Femininum, doppelt markiert bei den starken Maskulina und Neutra und nur beschränkt bildbar im Plural. Diese Eigenheiten beschränken seine Nutzung als normaler Kasus. Gerade aber die auffällige Markierung mit dem Element {-(e)s} hat dazu geführt, dass der Genitiv nun zur Anzeige genereller Abhängigkeit genutzt wird, und zwar als Genitivattribut wie als unmarkierte Form bei einer Gruppe von Präpositionen (wie dank, trotz, wegen, entlang usw.). Beim zweiten Fall, dem Verhältnis von starken und schwachen Verben, zeigt sich, dass der Übergang von der starken zur schwachen Flexion, die erkennbar den Normalfall im morphologischen System darstellt, gerade häufige und in ihrer Bedeutung grundlegende Verben (wie geben, nehmen usw.) nicht betrifft, so dass die starke Flexion als Markierung für solch einen zentralen Status gelten kann. Der dritte Punkt hängt damit zusammen: das Ausgreifen der würde-Form als Konjunktiv II (auch bei gut markierten starken Verben) ist so im größeren Zusammenhang der Nutzung von Klammerformen zu sehen.
The focus on communication in research on professional and scientific language somehow reflects the intention of John L. Austin's phrase "How to do things with words?" But a description based on the concept of communication ultimately also relies on linguistic idiosyncrasies. We will look at things the other way round and ask first "how to do (professional) things" and then look at the linguistic units used specifically for this purpose. Professionalism in this view takes very different forms for different types of actions ("practices"). Although reliability and professional authority are central features of all linguistic realizations to be considered, they are represented in very different ways. As a result, professionalism not only shows in the high degree of explicitness of technical prose typical for written scientific discussion. It is also reflected in the high degree of implicitness of speech that accompanies and constitutes practical action.
Aims: We investigated N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin (Washc5) knock-in and Washc5 knock-out mice as models for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 (SPG8). Methods: We generated heterozygous and homozygous N471D Washc5 knock-in mice and subjected them to a comprehensive clinical, morphological and laboratory parameter screen, and gait analyses. Brain tissue was used for proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we generated heterozygous Washc5 knock-out mice. WASH complex subunit strumpellin expression was determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Results: Homozygous N471D Washc5 knock-in mice showed mild dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased acoustic startle reactivity, thinner eye lenses, increased alkaline phosphatase and potassium levels and increased white blood cell counts. Gait analyses revealed multiple aberrations indicative of locomotor instability. Similarly, the clinical chemistry, haematology and gait parameters of heterozygous mice also deviated from the values expected for healthy animals, albeit to a lesser extent. Proteomic analysis of brain tissue depicted consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 in heterozygous and homozygous knock-in mice. WASHC5-related protein interaction partners and complexes showed no change in abundancies. Heterozygous Washc5 knock-out mice showing normal WASHC5 levels could not be bred to homozygosity. Conclusions: While biallelic ablation of Washc5 was prenatally lethal, expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 led to several mild clinical and laboratory parameter abnormalities, but not to a typical SPG8 phenotype. The consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 suggest mechanistic links between the expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 and the roles of both proteins in neurodegeneration and protein quality control, respectively.
The C-module-binding factor (CbfA) is a multidomain protein that belongs to the family of jumonji-type (JmjC) transcription regulators. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, CbfA regulates gene expression during the unicellular growth phase and multicellular development. CbfA and a related D. discoideum CbfA-like protein, CbfB, share a paralogous domain arrangement that includes the JmjC domain, presumably a chromatin-remodeling activity, and two zinc finger-like (ZF) motifs. On the other hand, the CbfA and CbfB proteins have completely different carboxy-terminal domains, suggesting that the plasticity of such domains may have contributed to the adaptation of the CbfA-like transcription factors to the rapid genome evolution in the dictyostelid clade. To support this hypothesis we performed DNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR measurements and found that CbfA regulates at least 160 genes during the vegetative growth of D. discoideum cells. Functional annotation of these genes revealed that CbfA predominantly controls the expression of gene products involved in housekeeping functions, such as carbohydrate, purine nucleoside/nucleotide, and amino acid metabolism. The CbfA protein displays two different mechanisms of gene regulation. The expression of one set of CbfA-dependent genes requires at least the JmjC/ZF domain of the CbfA protein and thus may depend on chromatin modulation. Regulation of the larger group of genes, however, does not depend on the entire CbfA protein and requires only the carboxy-terminal domain of CbfA (CbfA-CTD). An AT-hook motif located in CbfA-CTD, which is known to mediate DNA binding to A+T-rich sequences in vitro, contributed to CbfA-CTD-dependent gene regulatory functions in vivo.
Protein turnover and quality control by the proteasome is of paramount importance for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the proteasome is associated with aging processes and human diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, and cancer. The regulation, i.e. activation and inhibition of this fundamentally important protein degradation system, is still widely unexplored. We demonstrate here that the evolutionarily highly conserved type II triple-A ATPase VCP and the proteasome inhibitor PSMF1/PI31 interact directly, and antagonistically regulate proteasomal activity. Our data provide novel insights into the regulation of proteasomal activity.