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Five new and six known species belonging to the genus Basirotyleptus collected from the Western Ghats, India, are described and illustrated. Basirotyleptus conicaudatus sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.42–0.44 mm long body; odontostyle 9.5–10.0 μm, odontophore 11.5–12.0 μm; pharyngeal bulb pear-shaped, 14–15% of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; tail conoid with acute terminus. Basirotyleptus constrictus sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.38–0.49 mm long body; perioral disc distinct; odontostyle 9–10 μm, odontophore 14–15 μm; pharyngeal bulb pear-shaped, 15–17% of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; tail rounded to conoid. Basirotyleptus goaensis sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.73–0.87 mm long body; odontostyle 13.0–14.5 μm, odontophore 15.0–17.5 μm; pharyngeal bulb pyriform, 16–18% of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; tail rounded. Basirotyleptus neocaudatus sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.31–0.44 mm long body; odontostyle 7.5–9.5 μm, odontophore 10–13 μm; pharyngeal bulb pear-shaped, 14–19% of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; tail conoid with acute terminus. Basirotyleptus siddiqii sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.36 mm long body; odontostyle 7.5–8.0 μm, odontophore 10.0–10.5 μm; pharyngeal bulb pear-shaped, 15–16% of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; tail conoid. Six known species viz., B. basiri, B. pini, B. nindei, B. ethiopicus, B. acus, B. minutus are also described and illustrated. Along with light microscopic study, line drawings, compendium and key to species of Basirotyleptus are also provided.
Five new and five known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 are described from the Western Ghats of India. Tylencholaimus macroamphidius sp. nov. has a 0.61–0.85 mm long body, angular lips, large amphid, 8.0–9.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with asymmetrical basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a rounded to conoid tail. Tylencholaimus shamimi sp. nov. has a 0.57–0.71 mm long body, 6.0–7.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with basal thickening, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system amphidelphic and a convex-conoid tail. Tylencholaimus southindicus sp. nov. has a 0.44–0.55 mm long body, lip region with distinct labial disc, 4.5–5.5 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal expansion abrupt, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a rounded-conoid to rounded tail. Tylencholaimus striatus sp. nov. has a 0.30–0.34 mm long body with distinctly striated cuticle, 5.0–5.5 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding abruptly, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a conoid tail with bluntly rounded terminus. Tylencholaimus tamiliensis sp. nov. has 0.51–0.58 mm long body, 5.5–6.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system mono-prodelphic and tail rounded to conoid with sunken terminus. Five known species of the genus Tylencholaimus viz. T. mirabilis, T. teres, T. micronanus, T. ibericus and T. cosmos also recorded from the region and redescribed/illustrated.