Refine
Document Type
- Article (4)
- diplomthesis (1)
Language
- English (3)
- German (1)
- Portuguese (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (5)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (5)
Keywords
- DST (1)
- Drug susceptibility testing (1)
- Heimat (1)
- Kirgisien (1)
- M. Intracellulare (1)
- M. avium (1)
- M. avium complex (1)
- M. chimaera (1)
- NTM (1)
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (1)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschreibt den Aufbau und erste Anwendungen einer neuartigen Technik zur Manipulation von Fallenpotentialen für Bose-Einstein-Kondensate. Das Dipolpotential, das ein gegen die atomare Resonanz verstimmter Laserstrahl auf die Atome ausübt, wird hierzu genutzt. Es wurde eine Apparatur aufgebaut, mit der sehr schnelle räumliche Bewegung und gleichzeitige Intensitätsänderung von Laserstrahlen erzielt wird. Durch schnelles Scannen des Laserstrahls in x- und y-Richtung und gleichzeitige Modulation seiner Intensität werden beliebige zeitgemittelte Potentiale erzeugt. Diese Potentiale wurden sowohl als räumliche und/oder zeitliche Modifikation herkömmlicher Magnetfallenpotentiale als auch als eigenständige Fallen mit neuartiger Geometrie verwendet. Mit diesem Aufbau wurden Experimente an Bose-Einstein-Kondensaten durchgeführt, bei denen die große räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung genutzt wurden. Die Speicherung von Atomen in zeitgemittelten, rotverstimmten optischen Fallen verschiedener Geometrie wurde demonstriert und eine durch das Scannen hervorgerufene Aufheizung der Probe wurde gefunden und untersucht. Dies ist die erstmalige Speicherung von Bose- Einstein-Kondensaten in zeitgemittelten Dipolfallen, deren Gestalt im Prinzip frei wählbar ist. Außerdem wurden kollektive Anregungen eines Bose-Einstein-Kondensats in einer Magnetfalle untersucht, die durch zeitgemittelte optische Potentiale induziert wurden. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung waren insbesondere Moden mit hohem Drehimpuls, die in rein magnetischen Fallenpotentialen zuvor nicht angeregt worden waren. Bisherige Limitation von Gleichstrommagnetfallen, in denen nur zylindersymmetrische Moden angeregt werden konnten, wurden durch die Verwendung zeitgemittelten optischen Potentialen zusätzlich zum Magnetfallenpotential umgangen. In einem dritten Experiment konnte der suprafluide Charakter eines Bose-Einstein-Kondensats studiert werden. Die kritische Geschwindigkeit für die Bewegung eines Fremdobjektes duch das Kondensat wurde erstmals gemessen. Als Fremdobjekt diente ein gegen die atomare Resonanz blauverstimmter Laserstrahl, der auf die Atome ein repulsives Potential ausübt.
Background: Reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific CD3+CD8+ T cells (CMV-CTLs) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is necessary to bring cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation under control. However, the parameters determining protective CMV-CTL reconstitution remain unclear to date.
Design and Methods: In a prospective tri-center study, CMV-CTL reconstitution was analyzed in the peripheral blood from 278 patients during the year following HSCT using 7 commercially available tetrameric HLA-CMV epitope complexes. All patients included could be monitored with at least CMV-specific tetramer.
Results: CMV-CTL reconstitution was detected in 198 patients (71%) after allogeneic HSCT. Most importantly, reconstitution with 1 CMV-CTL per µl blood between day +50 and day +75 post-HSCT discriminated between patients with and without CMV reactivation in the R+/D+ patient group, independent of the CMV-epitope recognized. In addition, CMV-CTLs expanded more daramtaically in patients experiencing only one CMV-reactivation than those without or those with multiple CMV reactivations. Monitoring using at least 2 tetramers was possible in 63% (n = 176) of the patients. The combinations of particular HLA molecules influenced the numbers of CMV-CTLs detected. The highest CMV-CTL count obtained for an individual tetramer also changed over time in 11% of these patients (n = 19) resulting in higher levels of HLA-B*0801 (IE-1) recognizing CMV-CTLs in 14 patients.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that 1 CMV-CTL per µl blood between day +50 to +75 marks the beginning of an immune response against CMV in the R+/D+ group. Detection of CMV-CTL expansion thereafter indicates successful resolution of the CMV reactivation. Thus, sequential monitoring of CMV-CTL reconstitution can be used to predict patients at risk for recurrent CMV reactivation.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a novel class of anti-cancer therapy in which autologous or allogeneic T cells are engineered to express a CAR targeting a membrane antigen. In Europe, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) is approved for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults as well as relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, while axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory high-grade B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Both agents are genetically engineered autologous T cells targeting CD19. These practical recommendations, prepared under the auspices of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, relate to patient care and supply chain management under the following headings: patient eligibility, screening laboratory tests and imaging and work-up prior to leukapheresis, how to perform leukapheresis, bridging therapy, lymphodepleting conditioning, product receipt and thawing, infusion of CAR T cells, short-term complications including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, antibiotic prophylaxis, medium-term complications including cytopenias and B-cell aplasia, nursing and psychological support for patients, long-term follow-up, post-authorization safety surveillance, and regulatory issues. These recommendations are not prescriptive and are intended as guidance in the use of this novel therapeutic class.
No artigo em questão, propomos uma análise do romance de estreia de Jan Sprenger, "Kirgistan gibt es nicht" - ainda sem tradução para português -, sob a ótica da necessidade de pertencimento, personificada pelo narrador, vinculada ao conceito de 'Heimat' (DORN & WAGNER, 2012). Partimos das resenhas propostas pela Revista Cultural "Perlentaucher" (2012), por Vladimir Balzer (2012), para a "Deutschlandfunk Kultur" e Friederike Gösweiner (2013), para a "literaturkritik.de". Conjugamos a perspectiva dessas três resenhas para sugerir que a jornada de Jonas não seja entendida nem apenas em relação ao seu não-par romântico, Olga, tampouco apenas como mero cenário para discussão histórica do Quirguistão, mas defendemos o pertencimento como Leitmotiv de "Kirgistan gibt es nicht".
Objective: Phenotypic (Sensititre Myco, pDST) and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (GenoType NTM DR, gDST) in M. avium complex (MAC) have become available as standardized assays, but comparable data is needed. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility patterns in MAC clinical isolates.
Methods: Overall, 98 isolates from 85 patients were included. pDST and gDST were performed on all isolates and results compared regarding specificity and sensitivity using pDST as a reference method. The impact of drug instability on pDST results was studied using a biological assay over 14 days. In addition, the evolution of antimicrobial resistance was investigated in sequential isolates of 13 patients.
Results: Macrolide resistance was rare, 1.2% (95% CI 0.7–7.3) of isolates in the base cohort. No aminoglycoside resistances were found, but 14.1% of the studied isolates (95% CI 7.8–23.8) showed intermediate susceptibility. The GenoType NTM DR identified two out of four macrolide-resistant isolates. Antibiotic stability was demonstrated to be poor in rifampicin, rifabutin, and doxycycylin.
Conclusions: pDST results in NTM for unstable antibiotics must be interpreted with care. A combination of pDST and gDST will be useful for the guidance of antimicrobial therapy in MAC-disease.
