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A list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted on imported succulent plants at the plant quarantine of Korea from 2006 to 2010 is provided. A total of 15 species belonging to four families are listed. Of the 15 species that were intercepted, some species are potential pests that could gain entry and establish in Korea through the importation of plant material. Current information on intercepted scale insects is required to alert inspectors at quarantine sites to look carefully at succulent plants to prevent the introduction of an exotic species.
Through this survey, four species of aphelinid, one species of encyrtid, and one species of signiphorid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were collected and identified as follows: Aphytis japonicus DeBach and Azim, Encarsia berlesei (Howard), Marietta carnesi (Howard), Pteroptrix sp. 2, Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, and Chartocerus subaenus (Förster). Among these, C. subaenus is recorded newly from the Korean parasitoid fauna. Also, three species of aphelinids and one species of signiphorid are newly added as parasitic wasps associated with Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Korea. In this paper, the list of parasitoid species of P. cockerelli that occur in Korea is updated and a brief diagnosis and photographs of these species are provided.
Aulacaspis difficilis (Cockerell) and Aulacaspis latissima (Cockerell), occurring on Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. and Distylium racemosum Siebold and Zucc. (Elaeagnaceae), are newly recorded in the Korean fauna of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). The characters of these species are here redescribed with illustrative photographs and information on distribution and hosts. Also a key to species of Aulacaspis Cockerell is provided for correct species identification.
A collaborative survey of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on dracaena and fi cus plants in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam conducted in 2015 identifi ed 49 species of scale insects belonging to 36 genera in six families (25 species on dracaena, 42 species on fi cus). Of the species of scale insects that have been reported on dracaena and fi cus plants in southeastern Asia in the ScaleNet database (Ben-Dov et al. 2015), 32% and 17% were species collected in this survey, respectively. Twenty-three species (47%) of scale insects have been intercepted at Korean ports of entry on imported dracaena and fi cus plants from southeastern Asia from 1996 to 2014 (PIS 2015). Additionally, this list of species collected on these plants from exporting countries could be utilized as a basis for possible preventive measures in quarantine and inspection of traded products.
Aleurolobus confusus David and Subramaniam and Bemisia lespedezae (Danzig) occurring on Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. are newly documented in the Korean fauna of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Characteristics of these species are briefly redescribed and illustrative photographs and information on their distribution and hosts are provided. A dichotomous key to whiteflies of Korea is given for correct species identification. In addition, the current status of Bemisia takahashii (Danzig) in Korea is discussed based on the results of a survey of the whiteflies of Korea and related papers.
The checklist revealed 40 species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted at Korean ports of entry on dracaena and fi cus plants from southern Asia from 1996 to 2014. Brief diagnostic criteria and related information of the intercepted species are given to assist in the identifi cation of specimens of scale insects intercepted from these plant hosts. Additionally, this preliminary checklist of scale insects could be utilized as a basis for preventive measures in quarantine.
Pseudaulacaspis kiushiuensis (Kuwana), Pseudaulacaspis latiloba (Takagi and Kawai) and Pseudaulacaspis
ulmicola Tang, occurring on Quercus, Carpinus and Zelkova plants are newly documented in the Korean fauna of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Characteristics of these species are briefl y redescribed and illustrative photographs and information on their distribution and hosts are provided. A dichotomous key to species of Pseudaulacaspis from Korea is given for correct species identifi cation. In addition, the current status of Pseudaulacaspis forsythiae (Kanda) and Pseudaulacaspis nishikigi (Kanda) in Korea is discussed based on the results of a survey of the armored scales of Korea and related papers.
Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) were collected on oak trees (Quercus spp.; Fagaceae) in Korea and identifi ed as Asterodiaspis luteola (Russell) (Asterolecaniidae) and Nidularia japonica (Kuwana) (Kermesidae), which are newly documented in the Korean fauna of scale insects. Characteristics of these species are briefl y given and illustrative photographs and information on their distribution and hosts are provided.
Thirty-one species of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are reported from South Korea based upon monitoring surveys conducted from 2010 to 2016, along with a dichotomous key to separate them. Six species, Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi), Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus dendrobiorum Williams, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), and Pseudococcus orchidicola Takahashi, known only to occur in greenhouses, are considered as adventive mealybug species to South Korea; of these, P. citri has already established in the exterior environment in South Korea.
Andaspis recurrens Takagi and Kawai, Hypaspidiotus jordani (Kuwana), Lepidosaphes kamakurensis (Kuwana) and Selenomphalus distylii Takagi from warm temperate forests are newly documented in the Korean fauna of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Characteristics of these species are briefl y given and illustrative photographs and information on their distribution and hosts are provided.
Chionaspis acer (Takagi and Kawai) and Chionaspis wistariae Cooley, occurring respectively on Acer and Wisteria plants, are newly reported in the Korean fauna of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). The characters of these species are briefl y redescribed with illustrative photographs and information on distribution and hosts. A dichotomous key to species of Chionaspis Signoret in Korea is provided for correct species identifi cation.
Pinnaspis chamaecyparidis Takagi, Pinnaspis hikosana Takagi and Pinnaspis uniloba (Kuwana), occurring on Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl., Styrax japonica S. et Z. and Cleyera japonica Thunb. are newly documented in the Korean fauna of armored scales (Diaspididae). The characters of these species are here redescribed with illustrative photographs and information on distribution and hosts along with a dichotomous key to the species of Pinnaspis for correct species identifi cation. In addition, the paper discusses the current status of Pinnaspis buxi (Bouché) and Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) which are known as native armored scale insects of Korea by analyzing information on the result of the survey.
The black weevil, Aclees taiwanensis Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the primary pests of fig trees in southeastern Asia and southern Europe. Thought to be of subtropical and tropical Asian origin, including China, the weevil was first found in southern areas of South Korea in July 2020. Subsequently, it was found in the following five cities: Haenam, Hampyeong, Jindo, Sinan, and Tongyeong (RDA 2020). Attempts to trace a possible pathway for the exotic black weevil suggested that this species probably followed pathways of illegal importation of infested plants from Taiwan and was unintentionally introduced into South Korea based on analysis of a Pest Information System (PIS) database, a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) sequences data, and interviews with fig growers. In addition, this exotic weevil could expand to other regions of South Korea since proper control methods for this weevil pest have not yet been developed and some fig trees are cultivated using eco-friendly farming practices. Therefore, constant monitoring will be required for the invasive alien weevil species which seriously damages the trunk of fig trees.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D72525F-608D-4028-A24D-9F3F866257F9
Carulaspis juniperi (Bouché) is newly documented as occurring in the Korean fauna of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). The characters of this genus and species are redescribed based on specimens collected in Korea. In addition, four species of aphelinids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) associated with C. juniperi were collected in Korea during the survey. Of these, Aphytis japonicus DeBach and Azim and Encarsia explorata (Silvestri) are recorded for the fi rst time from C. juniperi.
Current globalization and technological progress has facilitated and increased the international trade of plant products worldwide and has promoted the long-distance movement of immobile sucking pests such as whiteflies attached on plants. Therefore, being able to compile and update information on intercepted insect pests will help to improve the inspection procedures, to detect, identify and mitigate the damage caused by exotic invasive pests. Records of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) intercepted on import plants from 2013 to 2021 in the Pest Information System (PIS) database of South Korea were analyzed. A total of 32 species belonging to 19 genera were intercepted on plants imported into South Korea from 20 countries, mostly located in the Oriental region including China. Brief diagnoses, an identification key and photographs of the 32 species intercepted on agricultural commodities and the countries from which they were detected on plants are given to assist in their identification. In addition, this information provides background data and scientific rationale for decisions regarding the management of whiteflies intercepted at the South Korean ports on imported plant products to prevent the introduction and establishment of exotic whiteflies into South Korea.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0889D43-F905-4CCD-A6A2-D4E376E5FC79
An updated list is given of 25 species of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) which have been intercepted on plants imported into South Korea during the period of 1996 to 2021. Information on the number of interceptions, host plants, distribution and origin of species intercepted at South Korean ports of entry is provided. In addition, data on intercepted species was analyzed to determine potential invasive species of soft scales that could threaten South Korean plants.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EB0B411-5611-4F24-B004-922E76F024DD