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The production yields of antideuterons and antiprotons are measured in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13 TeV, as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and rapidity (y), for the first time up to |y|=0.7. The measured spectra are used to study the pT and rapidity dependence of the coalescence parameter B2, which quantifies the coalescence probability of antideuterons. The pT and rapidity dependence of the obtained B2 is extrapolated for pT>1.7 GeV/c and |y|>0.7 using the phenomenological antideuteron production model implemented in PYTHIA 8.3 as well as a baryon coalescence afterburner model based on EPOS 3. Such measurements are of interest to the astrophysics community, since they can be used for the calculation of the flux of antinuclei from cosmic rays, in combination with coalescence models.
Measurement of beauty-quark production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV via non-prompt D mesons
(2024)
The pT-differential production cross sections of non-prompt D0, D+, and D+s mesons originating from beauty-hadron decays are measured in proton−proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√ of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed at midrapidity, |y|<0.5, with the data sample collected by ALICE from 2016 to 2018. The results are in agreement with predictions from several perturbative QCD calculations. The fragmentation fraction of beauty quarks to strange mesons divided by the one to non-strange mesons, fs/(fu+fd), is found to be 0.114±0.016 (stat.)±0.006 (syst.)±0.003 (BR)±0.003 (extrap.). This value is compatible with previous measurements at lower centre-of-mass energies and in different collision systems in agreement with the assumption of universality of fragmentation functions. In addition, the dependence of the non-prompt D meson production on the centre-of-mass energy is investigated by comparing the results obtained at s√=5.02 and 13 TeV, showing a hardening of the non-prompt D-meson pT-differential production cross section at higher s√. Finally, the bb¯¯¯ production cross section per unit of rapidity at midrapidity is calculated from the non-prompt D0, D+, D+s, and Λ+c hadron measurements, obtaining dσ/dy=75.2±3.2 (stat.)±5.2 (syst.)+12.3−3.2 (extrap.) μb.
Measurement of beauty production via non-prompt charm hadrons in p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
(2024)
The production cross sections of D0, D+, and Λ+c hadrons originating from beauty-hadron decays (i.e. non-prompt) were measured for the first time at midrapidity in proton−lead (p−Pb) collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN=5.02 TeV. Nuclear modification factors (RpPb) of non-prompt D0, D+, and Λ+c are calculated as a function of the transverse momentum (pT) to investigate the modification of the momentum spectra measured in p−Pb collisions with respect to those measured in proton−proton (pp) collisions at the same energy. The RpPb measurements are compatible with unity and with the measurements in the prompt charm sector, and do not show a significant pT dependence. The pT-integrated cross sections and pT-integrated RpPb of non-prompt D0 and D+ mesons are also computed by extrapolating the visible cross sections down to pT = 0. The non-prompt D-meson RpPb integrated over pT is compatible with unity and with model calculations implementing modification of the parton distribution functions of nucleons bound in nuclei with respect to free nucleons. The non-prompt Λ+c/D0 and D+/D0 production ratios are computed to investigate hadronisation mechanisms of beauty quarks into mesons and baryons. The measured ratios as a function of pT display a similar trend to that measured for charm hadrons in the same collision system.
The production cross section of inclusive isolated photons has been measured by the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at centre-of-momentum energy of s√=13 TeV collected during the LHC Run 2 data-taking period. The measurement is performed by combining the measurements of the electromagnetic calorimeter EMCal and the central tracking detectors ITS and TPC, covering a pseudorapidity range of |ηγ|<0.67 and a transverse momentum range of 7<pγT<200 GeV/c. The result extends to lower pγT and xγT=2pγT/s√ ranges, the lowest xγT of any isolated photon measurements to date, extending significantly those measured by the ATLAS and CMS experiments towards lower pγT at the same collision energy with a small overlap between the measurements. The measurement is compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and the results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments as well as with measurements at other collision energies. The measurement and theory prediction are in agreement with each other within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
We provide the first distribution pattern of the Microhyla heymonsi group based on available molecular and morphological data collected from East and Southeast Asia. Our analyses show a high level of genetic diversity in the M. heymonsi group with nine distinct lineages from China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, as well as Singapore, and Indonesia. The study also reveals the discovery of two new species in Vietnam, Microhyla hmongorum sp. nov. from Lai Chau Province and Microhyla xodangorum sp. nov. from Kon Tum Province. When comparing the 12S–16S rRNA gene, the genetic divergence between Microhyla xodangorum and other congeners of the Microhyla heymonsi group ranges from 7.5-- to 8.9% (M. cf. heymonsi) and approximately 8.4% between the new species and M. heymonsi s. str. from Taiwan, China. The genetic divergence between Microhyla hmongorum and its congeners ranges from 4.5–5.6% (M. cf. heymonsi) to 8.7% (Microhyla xodangorum). These new findings bring the total number of known species in the genus Microhyla to 48 and the recorded species of Microhyla from Vietnam to 14.
This paper deals with the brachypterous Meconematini, including three new genera, Acosmetides gen. nov., Neocyrtopsides gen. nov. and Macrocosmetura gen. nov. Five new species are described: Acosmetides peltates gen. et sp. nov., Acosmetides dilobosa gen. et sp. nov., Acosmetides platycerca gen. et sp. nov., Neocyrtopsides bispina gen. et sp. nov. and Macrocosmetura truncata gen. et sp. nov. Two new combinations are proposed: Acosmetides trigentis (Wang, Bian & Shi, 2016) gen. et comb. nov. and Neocyrtopsides platycata (Shi & Zheng, 1994) gen. et comb. nov.
Six new species of the genus Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 are described from China: R. hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He sp. nov., R. heterodentis Shen, Wang & He sp. nov., R. imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He sp. nov., R. glenoides Qin, Wang & He sp. nov., R. impressa Wang, Qin & He sp. nov., R. stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A key with previously described species from China is provided.