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Methodik
(2002)
Die vegetationskundliche und strukturelle Zuordnung der Lebensraumtypen erfolgt nach der vorrangig von Braun-Blanquet entwickelten Vegetationsklassifizierung, einer hierarchischen Gliederung der Vegetationstypen (Syntaxonomie), die die Ebenen der Assoziation, des Verbandes, der Ordnung und der Klasse umfasst. Hierbei ist die Assoziation die grundlegende Einheit, in der die Pflanzengesellschaften zusammengefasst werden, die sich durch gleiche charakteristische Arten(gruppen)kombinationen auszeichnen. Der Verband vereinigt ähnliche Assoziationen. Das sind bereits umfassendere, jedoch standörtlich noch recht einheitliche Vegetationseinheiten. In Ordnungen werden ähnliche Verbände zusammengefasst. Die Klasse vereinigt ähnliche Ordnungen.
Philadelphia-like B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is characterized by distinct genetic alterations and inferior prognosis in children and younger adults. The purpose of this study was a genetic and clinical characterization of Ph-like ALL in adults. Twenty-six (13%) of 207 adult patients (median age: 42 years) with B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) were classified as having Ph-like ALL using gene expression profiling. The frequency of Ph-like ALL was 27% among 95 BCP-ALL patients negative for BCR-ABL1 and KMT2A-rearrangements. IGH-CRLF2 rearrangements (6/16; P=0.002) and mutations in JAK2 (7/16; P<0.001) were found exclusively in the Ph-like ALL subgroup. Clinical and outcome analyses were restricted to patients treated in German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) trials 06/99 and 07/03 (n=107). The complete remission rate was 100% among both Ph-like ALL patients (n=19) and the “remaining BCP-ALL” cases (n=40), i.e. patients negative for BCR-ABL1 and KMT2A-rearrangements and the Ph-like subtype. Significantly fewer Ph-like ALL patients reached molecular complete remission (33% versus 79%; P=0.02) and had a lower probability of continuous complete remission (26% versus 60%; P=0.03) and overall survival (22% versus 64%; P=0.006) at 5 years compared to the remaining BCP-ALL patients. The profile of genetic lesions in adults with Ph-like ALL, including older adults, resembles that of pediatric Ph-like ALL and differs from the profile in the remaining BCP-ALL. Our study is the first to demonstrate that Ph-like ALL is associated with inferior outcomes in intensively treated older adult patients. Ph-like adult ALL should be recognized as a distinct, high-risk entity and further research on improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is needed.
Previous studies in developing Xenopus and zebrafish reported that the phosphate transporter slc20a1a is expressed in pronephric kidneys. The recent identification of SLC20A1 as a monoallelic candidate gene for cloacal exstrophy further suggests its involvement in the urinary tract and urorectal development. However, little is known of the functional role of SLC20A1 in urinary tract development. Here, we investigated this using morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown of the zebrafish ortholog slc20a1a. This caused kidney cysts and malformations of the cloaca. Moreover, in morphants we demonstrated dysfunctional voiding and hindgut opening defects mimicking imperforate anus in human cloacal exstrophy. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry of an unaffected 6-week-old human embryo and detected SLC20A1 in the urinary tract and the abdominal midline, structures implicated in the pathogenesis of cloacal exstrophy. Additionally, we resequenced SLC20A1 in 690 individuals with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) including 84 individuals with cloacal exstrophy. We identified two additional monoallelic de novo variants. One was identified in a case-parent trio with classic bladder exstrophy, and one additional novel de novo variant was detected in an affected mother who transmitted this variant to her affected son. To study the potential cellular impact of SLC20A1 variants, we expressed them in HEK293 cells. Here, phosphate transport was not compromised, suggesting that it is not a disease mechanism. However, there was a tendency for lower levels of cleaved caspase-3, perhaps implicating apoptosis pathways in the disease. Our results suggest SLC20A1 is involved in urinary tract and urorectal development and implicate SLC20A1 as a disease-gene for BEEC.
Die EU verabschiedete am 21. Mai 1992 die Richtlinie zur Erhaltung der natürlichen Lebensräume sowie der wildlebenden Tiere und Pflanzen, die sogenannte Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (FFH-Richtlinie). Die Mitgliedsstaaten sind seitdem verpflichtet, ein europaweites Netz von besonderen Schutzgebieten zur Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt und zur Förderung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung aufzubauen. In dieses Natura 2000 genannte Netz sind auch die auf der Grundlage der seit 1979 geltenden EU-Vogelschutzrichtlinie gemeldeten Europäischen Vogelschutzgebiete (EU SPA) integriert. Die reichhaltige Naturausstattung Sachsen-Anhalts ermöglichte die Auswahl von 265 FFH-Gebieten und 32 Vogelschutzgebieten (EU SPA). Die Gebiete wurden als „Gebiete von gemeinschaftlicher Bedeutung der kontinentalen und der atlantischen biogeographischen Region“ im Amtsblatt der EU vom 15.01.2008 veröffentlicht. Nach den Vorgaben der FFH- und Vogelschutzrichtlinie sind die Natura 2000-Gebiete nun als besondere Schutzgebiete national zu sichern. Darüber hinaus sind in den besonderen Schutzgebieten geeignete Maßnahmen zu treffen, um die Verschlechterung der natürlichen Lebensräume und der Habitate der Arten, für die die Gebiete ausgewiesen worden sind, zu vermeiden (vgl. Art. 6, Abs. 2 FFH Richtlinie). Alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen sind an den Ansprüchen der in den jeweiligen Gebieten vorkommenden Lebensraumtypen und Arten auszurichten.
Mit dem vorliegenden Sonderheft wird beispielhaft der Verfahrensweg der Ausweisung des Naturschutzgebietes Aland-Elbe-Niederung zur Umsetzung von Natura 2000 im Land Sachsen-Anhalt dokumentiert. Neben der Darstellung der naturräumlichen Situation des Gebietes und seiner naturschutzfachlichen Bedeutung werden insbes. Inhalt und Ablauf des Verwaltungsverfahrens sowie die Lösung der vielfältigen Nutzungskonflikte dargestellt. Dem Heft liegt eine beidseitig bedruckte Schutzgebietskarte des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt im Maßstab 1:250.000 bei. Auf einer Seite sind Schutzgebiete nach internationalem Recht dargestellt. Die zweite Seite der Karte liefert eine aktuelle Zusammenstellung (Stand 31.12.2009) der nach Landesnaturschutzrecht geschützten Gebiete und Objekte. Ein Beiheft mit Namen, Bezeichnung und Größe aller Gebiete komplettiert die Ausgabe.
Dragonflies from mainland Yemen and the Socotra Archipelago : additional records and novelties
(2013)
The odonatological results of two field trips to mainland Yemen carried out mainly in summer 2005 and winter 2007, and to Socotra in winter 1999 are put on record. At 30 localities, 33 dragonfly species were collected, respectively observed. One species,Azuragrion somalicum, is new for mainland Yemen, and a second, Pseudagrion niloticum, is new for mainland Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Three species, Azuragrionsomalicum, Orthetrum julia, and Sympetrum fonscolombiiare new records for Socotra.
Ein Brief von Michel-Edmond Baron de Selys Longchamps (1813–1900) an Friedrich Förster (1864–1918)
(2012)
In der odonatologischen Sonderdrucksammlung des Naturkundemuseums Senckenberg (Frankfurt a.M.) fand sich ein Originalbrief von Michel-Edmond Baron de Selys Longchamps (Lüttich, Belgien) an den deutschen Odonatologen Friedrich Förster (Schopfheim), datiert 15. Februar 1896. Das Dokument bezeugt nicht nur den Kontakt zweier Forscher, sondern gibt auch Einblicke in die Art und Weise, wie Selys die Publikation seiner Forschung plante und vorbereitete. Das Faksimile des Briefes, eine typographische Umschrift und eine Übersetzung ins Deutsche sind beigefügt.
We present the measured correlation functions for pi+ pi-, pi- pi- and pi+ pi+ pairs in central S+Ag collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon. The Gamov function, which has been traditionally used to correct the correlation functions of charged pions for the Coulomb interaction, is found to be inconsistent with all measured correlation functions. Certain problems which have been dominating the systematic uncertainty of the correlation analysis are related to this inconsistency. It is demonstrated that a new Coulomb correction method, based exclusively on the measured correlation function for pi+ pi- pairs, may solve the problem.
The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of negative hadrons and participant protons have been measured for central 32S+ 32S collisions at plab=200 GeV/c per nucleon. The proton mean rapidity shift < Delta y>~1.6 and mean transverse momentum <pT>~0.6 GeV/c are much higher than in pp or peripheral AA collisions and indicate an increase in the nuclear stopping power. All pT spectra exhibit similar source temperatures. Including previous results for K0s Lambda , and Lambda -bar, we account for all important contributions to particle production.
The NA35 experiment has collected a high statistics set of momentum analyzed negative hadrons near and forward of midrapidity for central collisions of 200A GeV/c 32S+S, Cu, Ag, and Au. Using momentum space correlations to study the size of the source of particle production, the transverse source radii are found to decrease by ~40% at midrapidity and ~20% at forward rapidity while the longitudinal radius RL is found to decrease by ~50% as pT increases over the interval 50<pT<600 MeV/c. Calculations using a microscopic phase space approach (relativistic quantum molecular dynamics) reproduce the observed trends of the data. PACS: 25.75.+r
Creatinine and proteinuria are used to monitor kidney transplant patients. However, renal biopsies are needed to diagnose renal graft rejection. Here, we assessed whether the quantification of different urinary cells would allow non-invasive detection of rejection. Urinary cell numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocytes/macrophages, tubular epithelial cells (TEC), and podocalyxin(PDX)-positive cells were determined using flow cytometry and were compared to biopsy results. Urine samples of 63 renal transplant patients were analyzed. Patients with transplant rejection had higher amounts of urinary T cells than controls; however, patients who showed worsening graft function without rejection had similar numbers of T cells. T cells correlated with histological findings (interstitial inflammation p = 0.0005, r = 0.70; tubulitis p = 0.006, r = 0.58). Combining the amount of urinary T cells and TEC, or T cells and PDX+ cells, yielded a significant segregation of patients with rejection from patients without rejection (all p < 0.01, area under the curve 0.89–0.91). Urinary cell populations analyzed by flow cytometry have the potential to introduce new monitoring methods for kidney transplant patients. The combination of urinary T cells, TEC, and PDX-positive cells may allow non-invasive detection of transplant rejection.