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Additive manufacturing (or "3D printing") has become a powerful tool for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex geometries. As technology is evolving, the quality and accuracy of parts manufactured this way is ever improving. Especially interesting for the world of particle accelerators is the process of 3D printing of stainless steel (and copper) parts. We present the first fully functional IH-type drift tube structure manufactured by metal 3D printing. A 433 MHz prototype cavity has been constructed to act as a proof-of-concept for the technology. The cavity is designed to be UHV capable and includes cooling channels reaching into the stems of the DTL structure. We present the first experimental results for this prototype.
Based on the positive results of the unmodulated 325 MHz Ladder-RFQ prototype from 2013 to 2016 [1], we developed and designed a modulated 3.3 m Ladder-RFQ. The idea of the Ladder type RFQ firstly came up in the late eighties [2, 3] and was realized successfully for the CERN Linac3 operating at 101 MHz [4] and for the CERN antiproton decelerator ASACUSA at 202 MHz [5].
The unmodulated Ladder-RFQ features a very constant voltage along the axis. The RFQ was high power tested at the GSI test stand [6]. It accepted 3 times the RF power level needed in operation [7]. The highest level corresponds to a Kilpatrick factor of 3.1 with a pulse length of 200 μs. The 325 MHz RFQ is designed to accelerate protons from 95keV to 3.0 MeV according to the design parameters of the proton linac within the FAIR project. This particular high frequency creates difficulties for a 4-ROD type RFQ, which triggered the development of a Ladder RFQ with its higher symmetry. The results of the unmodulated prototype have shown, that the Ladder-RFQ is a suitable candidate for that frequency. For the present design duty cycles are feasible up to 5%. The basic design and tendering of the RFQ has been successfully completed in 2016 [8]. Manufacturing will be completed until May 2018. In this paper we present the latest results of manufacturing and beam dynamics simulations for the matching between LEBT and RFQ.
Fully automated assignment of methyl resonances of a 36 kDa protein dimer from sparse NOESY data
(2018)
High-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy studies of large proteins typically require uniform deuteration of the system and selective protonation and isotope labelling of methyl groups. Under such circumstances, the assignment of methyl resonances presents a considerable experimental challenge and automation of the process using computational algorithms has been actively sought. Through-space connectivities between the labelled methyl groups can be established through nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY). If a high-resolution structure of the system is available, the sparse connectivity restraints derived from this information enable structure-based methyl resonance assignment. Here, we outline a protocol for full automation of the methyl resonance assignment process using the CYANA software package. We tested the protocol on three-dimensional (3D) 13C/13C-separated NOESY spectra of a dimer of regulatory chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase-r2). We used CYPICK to detect NOE signals, followed by automatic resonance assignment with FLYA. On this dataset, FLYA generated highly similar results using either automatically or manually generated peak lists, confidently assigning ∼60% of the methyl groups with high accuracy (95 ± 2% correctness). We compared this performance to two alternative automatic methyl assignment protocols, MAP-XSII and FLAMEnGO2.0, both of which, similarly to FLYA, support unassigned NOESY peak lists as input.
Highlights
• Methyl labeling enables NMR to study large proteins and molecular assemblies.
• Assignment of methyl groups is a bottleneck for methyl NMR.
• We survey automated methods for methyl assignment.
• We discuss their input requirements, algorithms, and performance on benchmarks.
Abstract
As structural biology trends towards larger and more complex biomolecular targets, a detailed understanding of their interactions and underlying structures and dynamics is required. The development of methyl-TROSY has enabled NMR spectroscopy to provide atomic-resolution insight into the mechanisms of large molecular assemblies in solution. However, the applicability of methyl-TROSY has been hindered by the laborious and time-consuming resonance assignment process, typically performed with domain fragmentation, site-directed mutagenesis, and analysis of NOE data in the context of a crystal structure. In response, several structure-based automatic methyl assignment strategies have been developed over the past decade. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all available methods and compare their input data requirements, algorithmic strategies, and reported performance. In general, the methods fall into two categories: those that primarily rely on inter-methyl NOEs, and those that utilize methyl PRE- and PCS-based restraints. We discuss their advantages and limitations, and highlight the potential benefits from standardizing and combining different methods.
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities. The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) with its multi-layer design will provide electron identification for higher momenta and contribute to the fragment identification.
Observables of heavy-quark azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions are new and promising probes for the investigation of the in-medium energy loss. We explore the potential of these observables to discriminate the collisional and radiative contributions within a hybrid EPOS+MC@sHQ transport approach.
We study the scalar kaonic states K0* (800) and K0* (1430) by using a relativistic QFT Lagrangian in which only a single kaonic field corresponding to the well-established scalar state K0* (1430) is considered and in which both derivative and non-derivative interaction terms are taken into account. Even if the scalar spectral function shows a unique peak close to 1.4 GeV, we find two poles in the complex plane: 1.413 ± 0.002 — i(0.127 ± 0.003) GeV, which is related to the seed quark-antiquark state K0* (1430), and 0.746 ± 0.019 — i(262 ± 0.014) GeV, which is an additional companion pole related to K0* (800). As a further investigation for increasing Nc confirms, K0* (800) emerges as a dynamically generated four-quark object as a consequence of pion-kaon loops.
The spinodal instabilities of both confined and expanding baryon-rich quark matters are studied in a transport model derived from the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model. Appreciable higher-order density moments are seen as a result of the first-order phase transition in both cases. The skewness of the quark number event-by-event distribution in a small subvolume of the system becomes appreciable for the confined quark matter. For the expanding quark matter, the density fluctuations lead to enhanced anisotropic flows and dilepton yield.
