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Der Stand der finanziellen Bildung in Deutschland zeigt ein ambivalentes Bild: Obwohl das Land in internationalen Studien zum Finanzwissen regelmäßig Spitzenplätze belegt, bestehen nach wie vor deutliche Defizite – vor allem bei sozio-demografisch benachteiligten Gruppen. Die vorliegende Studie stützt sich auf eine Umfrage unter jungen Erwachsenen (18–35 Jahre) in Hessen. Sie zeigt, dass aus ihrer Perspektive finanzielle Themen eine hohe Relevanz haben und ein großes Interesse an Finanzbildung besteht. Gleichzeitig weist die Studie auf zentrale Herausforderungen hin, darunter der Umgang mit finanziellem Stress. Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten gibt an, offen über Geld zu sprechen und häufig Online-Quellen zu nutzen. Dabei stoßen sie jedoch auf eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher, teils widersprüchlicher Informationen. Ihr Vertrauen richtet sich vor allem an das soziale Umfeld, das jedoch oft selbst nur eingeschränktes finanzielles Wissen besitzt. Für zukünftige Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Finanzkompetenz in Hessen ist ein Ansatz erforderlich, der gezielt „teachable moments” nutzt, die Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppen berücksichtigt und den Übergang ins Erwachsenenleben mit grundlegender finanzieller Bildung begleitet. Dies ist umso dringlicher, da bislang 73% dieser Altersgruppe nach eigenen Angaben keine Form finanzieller Schulung erhalten haben. Nachhaltig gestaltete Bildungsmaßnahmen können nicht nur individuelle finanzielle Sicherheit stärken, sondern auch langfristig zur gesellschaftlichen Resilienz beitragen.
Monetary policy in the euro area faces significant challenges due to the evolving economic landscape marked by the return of inflation, financial instability risks, and the consequences of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) to the operational framework of monetary policy. This article evaluates these key challenges in the context of the European Central Bank's (ECB) mandate and its broader implications. It highlights the unprecedented resurgence of inflation, which has complicated monetary policy decisions and revealed gaps in understanding household inflation expectations. Financial stability, now integral to the ECB’s mandate, is strained by trade-offs between short-term and long-term stability, particularly under high-interest rate environments. Finally, UMP has disrupted traditional financial mechanisms and increased dependency on the central bank’s liquidity operations.
We discuss corporate tax effects on multinationals’ R&D. Theoretically, we find that a host country’s tax increase may boost local R&D expenditure: while R&D becomes deductible at a higher rate, this higher rate may not apply to all R&D returns. First, as R&D creates a public good within the MNE, some R&D returns are taxed at other countries’ tax rates. Second, some of the R&D returns are taxed at a lower IP regime tax rate. The positive tax rate effect is empirically supported by country-by-country R&D data of U.S.-owned subsidiaries for countries that have an IP regime.
CO2 emissions are disproportionately caused by more affluent consumers. In the political debate, this fact has triggered the demand for income redistribution and wealth taxes not only to reduce inequality but also to reduce CO2 emissions. This paper calculates the possible size of a green dividend, i.e., a reduction in total national CO2 emissions, of redistribution in 26 countries and concludes that, for most EU countries, it is negative if the redistribution is efficient, in the sense that it keeps average incomes constant. If the redistribution introduces inefficiencies that lead to total income losses, the negative green dividend, otherwise associated with additional redistribution, may be avoided.
In this paper, a theoretical approach for intuitive processes of skillful performance is developed. It integrates cognitive and non-cognitive facets (namely epistemic feelings) and provides a foundation for modeling the development of students’ situation-specific skills such as decision-making, problem-solving or critical thinking. As part of this framework, two forms of epistemic feelings are distinguished: prospect-based and confirmatory feelings. Their contribution in the process of skillful performance is explained for the case of intuitive decision-making. As a result, intuitive processes may become falsifiable and their investigation can be linked to human rationality. In this respect, epistemic feelings such as surprise, confidence, relief or regret can be granted as part of competence facets that can be addressed through pedagogical instruction and fostered in the course of professional development.
Artificial intelligence is an essential key competence for cost reduction in companies. For this reason, the German government is promoting its use and hopes that it will lead to a digital transformation of companies. We investigated whether small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also participate in this transformation by examining AI-related vacancies for their fields of activity. In particular, we observe whether the required skills of potential applicants suggest that enterprises also require artificial intelligence at an advanced stage and that quality factors such as fairness and ethics play a role. We found that the need for more advanced AI-related jobs has started increasing but still plays a minor role compared to traditional data science roles. Notably, only large companies require some of these additional skills. Moreover, many vacancies even state that a deep AI understanding is not necessarily a prerequisite.
"The bright and the dark side of smart lights" : The protective effect of smart city infrastructures
(2019)
In this paper, we investigate the protective effect of smart street lighting on public safety. Smart lights have a variety of features, such as video surveillance or gun-shot detection. Some of these features can have a deterrent effect on crime. Other features, however, such as adaptive brightness control, may also encourage crime. Using a comprehensive dataset on the crimes committed in downtown San Diego (CA) during 1st May 2017 and 30th April 2018, we investigate the crime rates a priori and posterior to the installation of smart lights in this area. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that smart lights have a statistically significant negative impact on crime and that their installation increases the safety of citizens.
Designing incentive systems for participation in digital ecosystems — an integrated framework
(2024)
Digital ecosystems are a highly relevant phenomenon in contemporary practice, offering unprecedented value creation opportunities for both companies and consumers. However, the success of these ecosystems hinges on their ability to establish the appropriate incentive systems that attract and engage diverse actors. Following the notion that setting “the right” incentives is essential for forming and growing digital ecosystems, this article presents an integrated framework that supports scholars and practitioners in identifying and orchestrating incentives into powerful incentive systems that encourage active participation and engagement. This framework emphasizes the importance of understanding how individuals and groups are motivated to engage in the ecosystem to incentivize them effectively. To demonstrate its applicability and value, we show its application in the context of an emergent digital ecosystem within the Smart Living domain.