Tropical Bryology, Volume 8 (1993)
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This species is very variable in form, and Jones (1977) reduced the above-cited four species to synonymy of R. appressa. Jones (1977) cited “it is likely that R. appressa will prove to be identical with R. javanica Gottsche. ....” However, R. appressa differs from R. javanica in many characters. In general appearance, R. appressa resembles R. reflexa known from SE Asia.
Widely distributed holarctic species, extending to Africa, South America and Tasmania. In
Africa known from the Azores, Madeira, Canary Is., central African mountains, Réunion, Natal and Cape, and also from Marion I., Crozet I. and Tristan da Cunha. In the area it occurs in the subalpine belt from 2500 to 3560 m, on soil and rocks.
The total number of currently accepted species of Cladoniaceae in the Hawaiian Islands is 22. Several taxonomic problems still exist, however. The effects of isolation are clear among Cladoniaceae. Endemism is high (c. 40%); and, the number of species low. The species must have reached the archipelago via long-distance trans-oceanic dispersal, probably aided by the abundant production of lichen propagules, such as soredia and microsquamules. Although most of the species found in Hawaii are widely distributed, the Hawaiian Cladoniaceae show slight affinities to those of E and SE Asia. Cladonia polyphylla Mont. & v.d. Bosch is an older name for C. fruticulosa Krempelh., and is lectotypified from authentic material. C. leprosula H. Magn. is included in C. ochrochlora Flörke.
If a species is not listed in Kis (1985) for a specific country, nor present in the literature cited below for a special genus or species, I have given that species an indication: new for a country (*). When for a species or group of taxa no special literature is cited, the identification can usually (also) be made with Magill (1981). If a remark is given on the distribution in (C.) Africa, also material seen from institutes and private herbaria was considered.
Lichens from Mount Kinabalu
(1993)
286 species of lichenized fungi on Mount Kinabalu are recorded by field survey and investigation of literature records and herbarium material. An annotated catalogue is presented, together with habitat notes, and a list of collectors. The summit area has a saxicolous lichen flora of boreal affinities, while the lower zones are more closely related to other SE Asian mountains. Eleven species appear to be restricted to the mountain, and four new species are described: Phaeographis kinabalensis, Stereocaulon granulans, Pertusaria epitheciifera and Thelotrema subweberi.
Plants glaucous green, in loose to dense turfs; stems sparingly branched; leaves lanceolate from a broad to narrow base, slightly to strongly keeled, + overlapping when dry, slightly spreading when moist, acuminate, acute apiculate to truncate-retuse and revolute; hyaline lamina occupying 1/5-1/3 length of leaves; hyalocysts quadrate, oblong rectangular to hexagonal in 1- 3(-4) layers on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the central chlorophyllous layer; costa narrow or broad, spinose at apex or smooth; margins serrate to smooth.
Vanden Berghen (1948) who himself described two new species (1951, 1953) and supplied a key for the Central African taxa (Vanden Berghen 1960). Kuwahara described Metzgeria agnewii from the Aberdare Mts. in Kenya (1973), established the classification of subgeneric taxa (1978) and synonymized several African taxa with other known species (1986), so the known distribution of several African Metzgeria considerably widened.
The first species list of the examined countries was published by Demaret (1940,1946) and the revision of the Syrrhopodon species of this area were made by Demaret and Leroy (1947). Further additional data were published on the basis of the collection of S. Lisowski (Orbán 1987). The tropical African species of the genera were revised by the Author (Orbán 1981) and later the key for the species was prepared by Orbán and Reese (1986). This key is suitable to identify practically all tropical African taxa, therefore I do not supply a key here for the 7 species collected in Central Africa. The world ranges of Syrrhopodon species was given by Reese (1987).
For worldwide monograph see Bremer (1980a, b, 1981). Unfortunately, this treatment is not particularly useful because the author accepted an exceedingly broad species concept and actually very many distinct and easily recognizable exotic species has simply been lumped with S. apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in B., S. & G. In tropical East Africa at least five distinct species have so far been recorded (Kis 1985), but it is very likely that this number will increase with progress in taxonomic study of the genus and floristic exploration of the bryologically undercollected areas.