418 Standardsprache; Angewandte Linguistik
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The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was designed in order to assess narrative skills in children who acquire one or more languages from birth or from early age. MAIN is suitable for children from 3 to 10 years and evaluates both comprehension and production of narratives. Its design allows for the assessment of several languages in the same child, as well as for different elicitation modes: Model Story, Retelling, and Telling. MAIN contains four parallel stories, each with a carefully designed six-picture sequence. The stories are controlled for cognitive and linguistic complexity, parallelism in macrostructure and microstructure, as well as for cultural appropriateness and robustness. The instrument has been developed on the basis of extensive piloting with more than 550 monolingual and bilingual children aged 3 to 10, for 15 different languages and language combinations. Even though MAIN has not been norm-referenced yet, its standardized procedures can be used for evaluation, intervention and research purposes. MAIN is currently available in the following languages: English, Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot Greek, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Standard Arabic, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese, and Welsh.
Hier soll [...] der Versuch einer sprachwissenschaftlichen Beschreibung des Genderns unternommen werden, um die Sachlage zu klären und zwischen Ärger und sprachlicher Funktionalität einen wissenschaftlich vertretbaren Standpunkt zu finden. Angesichts der komplexen Datenlage ist das nur ein Essay, beschränkt auf eine kleine Zusammenstellung von Daten und auf eine kleine, doch bewusst ausgewählte wissenschaftliche Literatur. Hin und wieder möge man mir einen eigenen Zugang zur Diskussion, kleine stilistische Wagnisse und einige persönliche Bemerkungen gestatten; durchwegs wird aber auf Belegbarkeit und Überprüfbarkeit geachtet.
Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass sich mündliche Kommunikation im Zentrum sprachlicher Fehlertoleranz bewegt, während schriftliche Texte an seiner Peripherie verortet sind. Übersetzungen hingegen basieren auf Fehler-Intoleranz. Jede Übersetzung in die Fremdsprache, die ohne Rücksprache mit einem linguistisch geschulten und translatorisch erfahrenen Muttersprachler der Zielsprache in den Druck gegeben wird, weist ihren Urheber als unprofessionellen Einzelkämpfer aus, der respektlos gegenüber dem Autor des Originals, geringschätzig gegenüber seinem Auftraggeber, zynisch gegenüber dem Leser seiner Übersetzung und leichtfertig gegenüber seinen Landsleuten handelt, weil er das Scheitern internationaler Kommunikation billigend in Kauf nimmt. Indessen minimieren Übersetzungsteams aus Muttersprachlern der Ausgangs- und der Zielsprache, die eng mit dem Auftraggeber, dem Autor und ggf. mit den entsprechenden Fachleuten zusammenarbeiten, sprachliche und inhaltliche Fehler und dokumentieren dadurch ihren tiefen Respekt und ihre aktive und kreative Toleranz gegenüber dem anderen Land, seinen Menschen, Sprachen und Kulturen.
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was designed in order to assess narrative skills in children who acquire one or more languages from birth or from early age. MAIN is suitable for children from 3 to 10 years and evaluates both comprehension and production of narratives. Its design allows for the assessment of several languages in the same child, as well as for different elicitation modes: Model Story, Retelling, and Telling. MAIN contains four parallel stories, each with a carefully designed six-picture sequence. The stories are controlled for cognitive and linguistic complexity, parallelism in macrostructure and microstructure, as well as for cultural appropriateness and robustness. The instrument has been developed on the basis of extensive piloting with more than 550 monolingual and bilingual children aged 3 to 10, for 15 different languages and language combinations. Even though MAIN has not been norm-referenced yet, its standardized procedures can be used for evaluation, intervention and research purposes. MAIN is currently available in the following languages: English, Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot Greek, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Standard Arabic, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese, and Welsh.
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was designed in order to assess narrative skills in children who acquire one or more languages from birth or from early age. MAIN is suitable for children from 3 to 10 years and evaluates both comprehension and production of narratives. Its design allows for the assessment of several languages in the same child, as well as for different elicitation modes: Model Story, Retelling, and Telling.
MAIN contains four parallel stories, each with a carefully designed six-picture sequence. The stories are controlled for cognitive and linguistic complexity, parallelism in macrostructure and microstructure, as well as for cultural appropriateness and robustness.
The instrument has been developed on the basis of extensive piloting with more than 550 monolingual and bilingual children aged 3 to 10, for 15 different languages and language combinations.
Even though MAIN has not been norm-referenced yet, its standardized procedures can be used for evaluation, intervention and research purposes. MAIN is currently available in the following languages: English, Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot Greek, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Standard Arabic, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese, and Welsh.
Nesse trabalho, será mostrado que fórmulas dão evidência de padrões convencionais de interação e também os inicializam. Esses padrões de interação não são universais, mas são configurados por cada comunidade lingüística. Conhecê-los faz parte da competência idiomática. Um dicionário bilíngüe semasiológico e onomasiológico pode contribuir tanto para a aquisição de fórmulas, quanto transmitir o conhecimento de padrões de interação.
Estudo linguístico comparativo sobre onomatopeias em histórias em quadrinhos : Português / Alemão
(2011)
Nesta pesquisa foi investigado o uso peculiar das onomatopeias na linguagem das histórias em quadrinhos e como o processo de criação de novas expressões nesse context respeita o sistema fonético e fonotático de cada língua. Foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica, para a qual falantes nativos de língua portuguesa e alemã foram solicitados a sugerir ou criar as onomatopeias que julgassem adequadas para diversas cenas de histórias em quadrinhos que lhes foram apresentadas editadas, com as onomatopeias originais retiradas. Através da análise dos dados foi possível identificar algumas características específicas quanto à sequência fonética e a organização silábica das onomatopeias nesses idiomas.
Um sich in Brasilien auf eine wissenschaftliche Stelle zu bewerben, muss oftmals ein "Memorial Acadêmico" eingereicht werden. Eine Textart, die es so im deutschsprachigen Raum nicht gibt. Eine in funktionaler Hinsicht ähnliche Textart liegt im "Akademischen Lebenslauf" vor. In diesem Artikel sollen anhand eines Korpus von sechs "Memoriais" Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in Illokution und Proposition dieser beiden Textarten aufgezeigt werden.
This study examines the particularities of multilingual discourse, based on the example of recorded conversations in a trilingual family in Canada. It combines two different fields of linguistic research: multilingualism and conversation analysis. The study of multilingualism has developed into a popular field of linguistic research over the past two decades. In general, it focuses on bilingualism as a social and individual phenomenon, and in particular on the alternation between two languages in the speech of bilinguals. For this alternation, the term code-switching is widely used. Usually, the term refers to language alternation both between sentences and within sentence boundaries. From a sociolinguistic perspective code-switching is often interpreted as a means of signaling group membership in bilingual communities, whereas grammatical analyses examine how morphosyntactic units from different languages are combined (and can be combined) within one sentence. Auer (1998: 3) suggests the study of the conversational structure of code-switching as a third perspective on bilingual language usage, one that he claims has been widely neglected by linguistic research in the past. In particular, those cases of language alternation between utterances (sentences) but within the same conversation cannot be described adequately from either a macro-sociolinguistic or a morphosyntactic perspective.
