560 Paläontologie; Paläozoologie
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Neue Insekten-Funde (Palaeodictyoptera: Breyeriidae) aus dem Ober-Karbon von Osnabrück (Deutschland)
(1995)
Zwei neue, zu den Palaeodictyoptera: Breyeriidae gehörende Insekten-Flügel aus Schichten des Westfalium 0 (Ober-Karbon) vom Piesberg nördlich Osnabrück werden beschrieben. Breyeria bistrata n.sp. ähnelt den beiden Arten B. rappi Carpenter, 1967 und B. barborae Kukalova, 1959, unterscheidet sich aber von diesen vor allem durch den fast geraden Flügel-Vorderrand und die größere Anzahl von Zweigen. Hasa/a inferiorsaxonica n.g. n.sp. ist gekennzeichnet durch die sehr lange, in den Vorderrand mündende ScP-, die Anwesenheit einer Stützader rp-ma und die deutlich ausgebildete sekundäre Korrugation.
Homology of virtually all major components of facial anatomy is assessed in Archosauria in order to address the function of the antorbital cavity, an enigmatic structure that is diagnostic for the group. Proposed functions center on its being a housing for a gland, a muscle, or a paranasal air sinus. Homology is approached in the context of the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket method of reconstructing unpreserved aspects of extinct organisms. Facial anatomy and its ontogeny was studied in extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians) to determine the osteological correlates of each soft-tissue component; resemblances between birds and crocodilians comprised the similarity test of homology. The congruence test of homology involved surveying phyiogenetically relevant fossil archosaurs for these bony signatures. The facial anatomy of extant birds and crocodilians is examined in detail to provide background and to discover those apomorphic aspects that contribute to the divergent specialization of these two groups and thus obscure homologies. Birds apomorphically show enlarged eyeballs, expanded nasal vestibules, and reduced maxillae, whereas crocodilian faces are dorsoventrally flattened (due to nasal rotation) and elongated. Most facial attributes of archosaurs are demonstrably homologous and in fact characterize much more inclusive groups. Special emphasis has been placed on the nasal conchae and paranasal air sinuses. Within Amniota, the following conchal structures are homologous, and all others are neomorphs: avian caudal concha, crocodilian concha + preconcha, Sphenodon caudal concha, squamate concha, and probably the mammalian crista semicircularis. The avian antorhital paranasal air sinus is homologous with the crocodilian caviconchal sinus; the maxillary sinus of placental mammals is not homologous with the archosaurian paranasal sinus. With regard to the function of the antorbital cavity, archosaurs possess homologous nasal glands, dorsal pterygoideus muscles, and paranasal air sinuses, but the osteological correlates of only the paranasal sinus involve the antorbital fenestrae and fossae. Thus, the antorbital cavity is best interpreted as principally a pneumatic structure.
En este catálogo provisional se recogen las malaeofaunas arqueológicas asociadas a ocupaciones humanas de la Península Ibérica. Se incluyen un total de 142 análisis malacológicos, y un anexo de 68 yacimientos donde los conjuntos son estrictamente ornament.tles o se encuentran en fase de estudio. Se encuentran reseñadas casi 200 especies de moluscos marinas, de agua dulce y terrestres. Además se ofrecen datos inéditos de 6 yacimientos (Abrigo de la Peila del Perro, Tennas romanas de Gijón, Cabezo Pequeño del Estaño, Pico Ramos, Almontc y La Viña). Consideramos que un trabajo de estas características resulta imprescindible en el actual estado de conocimiento arqueozoológico en la Península Ibérica y confiamos en que el catálogo se convierta en una referencia básica en estudios futuros.