590 Tiere (Zoologie)
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A female of the dwarf sheet spider Hahnia picta Kulczyński, 1897 was found in an old castle park in Berlin (Germany). All published records as well as unpublished records from Austria are listed and mapped. This species is rarely recorded. Its distribution is confined to Europe. H. picta seems to live exclusively under the bark of old deciduous trees.
On the occasion of the anniversary of C.A. Clerck's book "Swedish spiders" the paper deals with the beginnings of spider taxonomy, Clerck's life (1709-1765) and work, and P. Bonnet's successful campaign for the validation of species names given by Clerck.
In the Solling mountains (Southern Lower Saxony, Germany) the fauna was sampled for one year with stem eclectors in adjacent spruce, mixed (spruce/beech), and beech stands. The tree age was more than 90 years. Four sampling treatments were established: eclectors on spruce stems in the spruce stand (1), on beech stems in the beech stand (2), and on spruce (3) and beech stems in the mixed stand (4). The following harvestmen species, with 1601 individuals in total, were found: Mitopus morio, Oligolophus tridens, Platybunus bucephalus, Leiobunum blackwalli, and Leiobunum rotundum. The number of individuals was highest on spruce stems in the more open spruce stand, mainly due to Mitopus morio, whereas number of species was highest on beech stems in the mixed stand. Both the number of individuals and species were lowest on beech stems in the beech stand. Here, additional information about the phenology of the harvestmen species is given.
The wolf spider Pardosa schenkeli Lessert, 1904 was since long regarded as occurring in Germany and Poland but is excluded from the recent checklist of spiders found in these countries. Re-examination of material collected in Germany and Poland, respectively, verifies its presence in both countries. Characters for distinguishing P. schenkeli and its ally P. bifasciata (C.L. Koch, 1834) are given and illustrated.
Im Solling (Süd-Niedersachsen, Deutschland) wurden in einer Blockdesign-Studie 18 alte (> 90 Jahre) und mittelalte (58 - 89 Jahre) Fichten-, Misch- (Fichte/Buche) und Buchenbestände untersucht, die in sechs Blöcken angeordnet waren; jeder Block bestand aus einem Fichten-, einem Misch- und einem Buchenbestand. Es sollte überprüft werden, welchen Einfluss der Bestandestyp auf die Diversität und die Struktur von Populationen der epigäischen Bodenmakrofauna hat. In jeder Altersstufe wurde die Fauna über ein Jahr mit Streu- und Bodenproben, Bodenphotoeklektoren und Bodenfallen erfasst; die in diesem Beitrag dargelegten Ergebnisse zu den Weberknechten beziehen sich überwiegend auf Bodenfallenfänge. In beiden Altersstufen waren die Individuendichten der Arten und die Artendichte sowie der Deckungsgrad und die Diversität der Krautschicht in den lichteren Fichten- oder Fichten- und Mischbeständen signifikant am höchsten (nach einer nichtparametrischen zweifaktoriellen Varianzanalyse). Wichtige extrinsische Faktoren, die Diversität und Struktur der Weberknechtgemeinschaften beeinflussen, sind die Habitatdiversität, die Stratifikation der Vegetation und der für Populationen verfügbare Aktivitätsraum. In der vorliegenden Studie wird außerdem über die Phänologie der Weberknechtarten informiert. Im Solling wurden bisher 16 Weberknechtarten nachgewiesen.
The genus Araeoncoides Wunderlich, 1969, containing a single species A. berolinensis Wunderlich, 1969, is revised and transferred to the genus Moebelia Dahl, 1886 (nov. syn.). The female is described for the first time. All six known records are reported. Distribution, habitat and phenology are discussed. Until now, records are known exclusively from Germany.
A new feature for the separation of Trochosa spinipalpis and T. terricola males (Araneae, Lycosidae)
(2006)
A new feature on the tip of the palp, which enables the separation of male Trochosa spinipalpis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895) from T. terricola Thorell, 1856, is described. T. terricola exhibits a hairless strip on the tip of the palp, while T. spinipalpis lacks this feature and has long hairs on the whole palp.
The first two records of Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour, 1820) in Germany are presented together with a further discovery of the species in Central Switzerland. A spreading of the species from South to North along traffic routes is supposed and climate change is suggested as a possible reason for the species establishing itself in Central Europe.
The development and present status of arachnology at the Senckenberg-Museum (Frankfurt) are critically reviewed. Extended periods of care and maintenance were followed, from 1955 onwards, by flourishing decades, including considerable enlargement of the collections. One of the most complete libraries in the field originated from this time. Progress culminated in the arrangement of meetings and finally of international congresses, including the foundation of what is now the International Society of Arachnology (formerly C.I.D.A.). Data on some relevant authors such as Roewer and Wiehle are included.
Nine recently described or poorly known species of the thomisid genera Cozyptila Lehtinen & Marusik, 2005 and Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 are reported from Turkey. Five species, Cozyptila blackwalli (Simon, 1875), C. thaleri Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005, Xysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971, X. thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 and X. xerodermus Strand, 1913, are new records for the Turkish spider fauna. Two species, X. bacurianensis and X. xerodermus are illustrated and a distribution map is provided for the former. A few additional records are given for Greece and the Caucasian countries, of which X. bacurianensis is new for Azerbaijan.
In winter 2000/01 and in June 2001 branch-beating methods were used for sampling spiders in canopies of spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in SW-Bavaria (Germany). Differences in spider assemblages between the two tree species are discussed with particular emphasis on the dominant species and taxa. For the rare species Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904 remarks on their occurrence in Bavaria, Germany and Europe are given. For Cinetata gradata (Simon, 1881) we present an update to the entire known distribution including a new map. For both species new records are specified and discussed concerning habitat preference, phenology and distribution. Both species seem to be obligate tree colonisers, C. gradata primarily in the canopy stratum. Adults of C. gradata are to be found during all months of the year; T. boesenbergi exhibits an abundance peak in June, males are known to occur from May to August and females the whole year round. The distribution of both species is restricted to Europe, excluding the northern and western parts (Arctic and Atlantic climate) and the Mediterranean zone.
Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) - eine unendliche Geschichte
(2006)
Drassodes lapidosus and Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) – a never-ending discussion. According to PLATNICK (2006) the taxa Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802), the type species of the genus Drassodes (Westring, 1851), and Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) are two valid species. However, GRIMM (1985) merged them into one taxon. Different taxonomists have separated these species by the positions of the teeth in the frontal margin of the chelicerae and by the proportions of the palpal segments in males. Females are separated by the proportions of different features in the epigyne. The altitude at which they occur is used for separation, too. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether these characteristics really allow the separation of these two taxa. In order to solve this taxonomical problem, 116 male and 108 female specimens from Central Europe were examined. The variation of the mentioned characters is shown. Spearman’s rho correlations and factor analyses are presented. The results show that there are transitions between the two taxa D. lapidosus and D. cupreus and, thus, they cannot be separated using the diagnostic features currently available.
Eines der gut belegten syntopen Vorkommen der beiden in Morphologie und Lebensweise sehr ähnlichen Atypus- Arten A. affinis und A. piceus befindet sich im Kaiserstuhl (Südwestdeutschland). Dies konnte im Rahmen einer seit 1979 kontinuierlich laufenden Langzeitstudie über die Wiederbesiedlung von Weinbergsböschungen nach großflächiger Flurbereinigung gezeigt werden. Die Männchen der beiden Arten sind zu unterschiedlichen Jahreszeiten an der Oberfläche aktiv, sie sind auch in der Größe klar verschieden. Für beide Arten konnte die Besiedlungsgeschichte nachvollzogen werden: Wie für einen typischen K-Strategen zu erwarten, erfolgt der Populationsaufbau langsam und ist heute noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die Atypus-Arten werden als geeignet angesehen, beispielhaft für Fragestellungen des Naturschutzes zu dienen. Auf Grund ihres langen Entwicklungszyklus sind diese Arten durch drastische Biotopveränderungen besonders gefährdet, am Kaiserstuhl wäre dies das neuerdings wieder erlaubte Flämmen zur Böschungspflege.
Adult females of the five Central European wolf spiders Trochosa hispanica Simon, 1870, T. robusta (Simon, 1876), T. ruricola (De Geer, 1778), T. spinipalpis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895), and T. terricola Thorell, 1856 were morphologically analysed. We defined sets of continuous and binary (presence/absence) variables. Continuous data of various epigynal and carapace dimensions were subjected to Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Using the PC loadings each individual was plotted along the PC axis in order to find gaps/overlaps between the species. The binary data sets were subjected to Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) in order to find characters that clearly separate the five Trochosa species. Using PCA only individuals of T. robusta and T. ruricola and of T. robusta and T. hispanica could be separated from each other. Using HCA all five species could clearly be separated by epigynal and vulval characteristics.
Generic reassignment of species in the tribe Cephaloleiini Chapuis, 1875 (Coleoptera: Cassidinae)
(2009)
Thirty-one species of Cephaloleiini are assigned to new genera, creating new combinations: 19 to Parimatidium Spaeth, 10 to Stilpnaspis Weise, and two to Demotispa Baly. Demotispa peruana membrata Uhmann, 1957 is raised to full species status. As the transfer of Cephaloleia limbatum Pic to Demotispa creates a homonymy, the species is renamed Demotispa pici nomen novum.
The published beetle fauna of the island of St. Lucia is summarized. It contains 135 genera, and 175 species in 25 families. Four species are accidentally introduced by human activities. Twenty three species are endemic (restricted) to the island. Twenty seven species on St. Lucia are shared only with other islands of the Lesser Antilles, and 22 species are widespread Antilles endemics. The remaining 56.6% of the fauna is otherwise mostly one which is widely distributed in the Antilles and the Neotropics. This suggests that it is mostly an immigrant fauna originating in the continental Neotropics. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on St. Lucia are many times higher than now reported and may originally have been as high as around 1400 species. Of the St. Lucia species known to occur on other islands, the largest numbers are shared with Guadeloupe (102), St. Vincent (79), and Martinique (55).
With documentation of an unidentifiable adult female and juvenile Tingupidae (Chordeumatida), Kodiak Island, Alaska, becomes the westernmost indigenous diplopod locality in North America including continental islands. The northernmost and most proximate locality, Yakutat, lies ca. 935 mi (1,496 km) to the eastnortheast, while Haines, the type locality of Tingupa tlingitorum Shear and Shelley, some 1,196 mi (1,914 km) in this direction, is the most proximate familial site. Kodiak is also one of the most remote indigenous milliped localities in the Pacific, the most proximate ones to the west and south, Kamchatka, Russia, and the Hawaiian Islands, United States, being over 3,300 mi (5, 280 km) distant. Tingupidae is recorded for the first time from Canada excluding the Queen Charlotte Islands, and geographically remote, ostensibly indigenous records from the North Pacific Ocean and environs are tabulated.
Distribution and habitat information are provided for 1578 adult specimens of Odonata representing 127 species in 70 genera and 16 families that were collected from 143 locations throughout Thailand. Of the species collected, 25 (20%) were represented by a single specimen, and 40 (31%) were collected from a single location. Collections were made at 49 lentic and 85 lotic sites, and an average of 6.9 and 6.6 species were collected at each site in each habitat, respectively.