610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (6133)
- Doctoral Thesis (1995)
- Preprint (283)
- Part of Periodical (245)
- Conference Proceeding (207)
- Book (175)
- Contribution to a Periodical (172)
- Review (59)
- Part of a Book (39)
- Working Paper (17)
Language
- English (6244)
- German (3044)
- Latin (26)
- mis (13)
- Multiple languages (13)
- French (11)
- Portuguese (1)
- Romanian (1)
- Russian (1)
- Spanish (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (9356) (remove)
Keywords
- inflammation (98)
- COVID-19 (71)
- SARS-CoV-2 (55)
- apoptosis (42)
- cancer (41)
- Inflammation (40)
- glioblastoma (38)
- breast cancer (34)
- autophagy (32)
- Cancer (30)
- prostate cancer (30)
- Depression (27)
- Apoptosis (26)
- biomarker (26)
- ADHD (25)
- Epilepsy (25)
- aging (25)
- pain (25)
- quality of life (25)
- wassergefiltertes Infrarot A (wIRA) (25)
- macrophage (24)
- immunotherapy (23)
- Quality of life (22)
- Wundheilung (22)
- microRNA (22)
- Germany (21)
- Gewebetemperatur (21)
- Video (21)
- children (21)
- EEG (20)
- Gewebedurchblutung (20)
- HIV (20)
- chemotherapy (20)
- hypoxia (20)
- mitochondria (20)
- reactive oxygen species (20)
- Biomarker (19)
- MRI (19)
- Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Gewebe (19)
- Schmerz (19)
- Schmerzminderung (19)
- Stroke (19)
- data science (19)
- depression (19)
- epilepsy (19)
- fMRI (19)
- Breast cancer (18)
- prevention (18)
- water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) (18)
- Entzündung (17)
- Human behaviour (17)
- Neuroscience (17)
- Treatment (17)
- angiogenesis (17)
- endothelial cells (17)
- glioma (17)
- tumor microenvironment (17)
- Genetics (16)
- Infektionsabwehr (16)
- Lebensqualität (16)
- Machine learning (16)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (16)
- Medizin (16)
- Outcome (16)
- Prävention (16)
- Surgery (16)
- cognition (16)
- mTOR (16)
- proliferation (16)
- stroke (16)
- treatment (16)
- Cirrhosis (15)
- cytokines (15)
- lung cancer (15)
- multiple sclerosis (15)
- radical prostatectomy (15)
- reduction of pain (15)
- tissue oxygen partial pressure (15)
- tissue temperature (15)
- Angiogenesis (14)
- Cell biology (14)
- Infrarot (14)
- Mitochondria (14)
- Parkinson’s disease (14)
- Radiotherapy (14)
- Sauerstoffversorgung (14)
- cirrhosis (14)
- diagnosis (14)
- epigenetics (14)
- mortality (14)
- obesity (14)
- schizophrenia (14)
- tissue blood flow (14)
- wound healing (14)
- Biomarkers (13)
- Capsule endoscopy (13)
- Diagnostik (13)
- Gene expression (13)
- Immunotherapy (13)
- Mammakarzinom (13)
- Mortality (13)
- NADPH oxidase (13)
- Oncology (13)
- attention (13)
- bladder cancer (13)
- cell death (13)
- coronavirus (13)
- epidemiology (13)
- macrophages (13)
- miRNA (13)
- neurodegeneration (13)
- proteomics (13)
- Epidemiology (12)
- HCV (12)
- Immunology (12)
- Mosambik (12)
- Mozambique (12)
- Moçambique (12)
- ROS (12)
- Sepsis (12)
- child (12)
- colorectal cancer (12)
- extracellular matrix (12)
- leukemia (12)
- machine learning (12)
- oxidative stress (12)
- prevalence (12)
- psoriasis (12)
- surgery (12)
- survival (12)
- targeted therapy (12)
- Chemotherapy (11)
- Diabetes mellitus (11)
- Endoscopy (11)
- Heart failure (11)
- PCR (11)
- Primary care (11)
- Prostate cancer (11)
- Seizure (11)
- Suicide (11)
- exercise (11)
- hepatitis C virus (11)
- hippocampus (11)
- integrins (11)
- invasion (11)
- macrophage polarization (11)
- magnetic resonance imaging (11)
- outcome (11)
- radiotherapy (11)
- therapy (11)
- trauma (11)
- ACLF (10)
- Atrial fibrillation (10)
- COPD (10)
- Diagnostic markers (10)
- Endothelial cells (10)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (10)
- Krankheit (10)
- Macrophages (10)
- Pain (10)
- Research article (10)
- Small bowel (10)
- Survival (10)
- Trauma (10)
- artificial intelligence (10)
- atherosclerosis (10)
- curcumin (10)
- elderly (10)
- gene therapy (10)
- infection (10)
- innate immunity (10)
- liver (10)
- metabolism (10)
- migration (10)
- neuroblastoma (10)
- neuropathic pain (10)
- osteoarthritis (10)
- p53 (10)
- physical activity (10)
- risk factors (10)
- vaccination (10)
- Alzheimer’s disease (9)
- Bipolar disorder (9)
- Blood (9)
- Children (9)
- Diagnosis (9)
- Drug therapy (9)
- EGFR (9)
- Energieumsatz <Medizin> (9)
- General practice (9)
- Hemorrhage (9)
- Hepatitis C (9)
- Malaria (9)
- Medizinische Ausbildung (9)
- Metastasen (9)
- Molecular biology (9)
- Multimorbidity (9)
- NASH (9)
- Osteoporosis (9)
- Proteomics (9)
- Schizophrenia (9)
- TAVI (9)
- VEGF (9)
- Wunde (9)
- adhesion (9)
- adolescents (9)
- brain metastases (9)
- complications (9)
- development (9)
- differentiation (9)
- drug resistance (9)
- fibrosis (9)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (9)
- hereditary angioedema (9)
- human (9)
- metastasis (9)
- portal hypertension (9)
- sepsis (9)
- AML (8)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (8)
- Aging (8)
- Autophagy (8)
- Autopsy (8)
- Behandlung (8)
- Borrelia (8)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (8)
- DNA methylation (8)
- Diagnostics (8)
- Energiebereitstellung (8)
- Epilepsie (8)
- Europe (8)
- Evaluation (8)
- Gender (8)
- Geschichte (8)
- HIV-1 (8)
- Hepatitis C virus (8)
- Hypertension (8)
- In vitro (8)
- Kongress (8)
- Liver diseases (8)
- MEG (8)
- Medical research (8)
- Prevention (8)
- Problemwunden (8)
- Prognosis (8)
- RNA (8)
- Rare diseases (8)
- Wundinfektion (8)
- Wundinfektionen (8)
- Wundsekretion (8)
- aortic stenosis (8)
- biomarkers (8)
- chronic kidney disease (8)
- energy supply (8)
- exosomes (8)
- gender (8)
- heart failure (8)
- liver transplantation (8)
- medical education (8)
- microglia (8)
- monocytes (8)
- mouse (8)
- oxygen supply (8)
- periodontitis (8)
- polytrauma (8)
- pregnancy (8)
- primary care (8)
- problem wounds (8)
- renal cell carcinoma (8)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (8)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (8)
- wound infections (8)
- AIDS (7)
- Autism spectrum disorder (7)
- Brustkrebs (7)
- Cancer treatment (7)
- Colorectal cancer (7)
- Deutschland (7)
- Exercise (7)
- Forensic entomology (7)
- HCC (7)
- HDAC (7)
- Heart (7)
- Herb induced liver injury (7)
- Hypoxia (7)
- Immunohistochemistry (7)
- Immunological methods (7)
- Immunologische Methoden (7)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (7)
- Kommunikation (7)
- Mechanisms of disease (7)
- Mental health and psychiatry (7)
- Multiple sclerosis (7)
- NK cells (7)
- Neurology (7)
- Obesity (7)
- Outcomes (7)
- PD-L1 (7)
- Pandemic (7)
- Patients (7)
- Polytrauma (7)
- Postural control (7)
- Prevalence (7)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (7)
- Risk factors (7)
- Sekretion (7)
- TRAIL (7)
- Therapie (7)
- Training (7)
- Transfusion (7)
- X-ray crystallography (7)
- antiviral therapy (7)
- asthma (7)
- bipolar disorder (7)
- cholesterol (7)
- cochlear implant (7)
- conduct disorder (7)
- diffusion tensor imaging (7)
- efficacy (7)
- gene expression (7)
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (7)
- iron (7)
- liver cirrhosis (7)
- machine-learning (7)
- medical students (7)
- metastases (7)
- microbiome (7)
- natural killer cells (7)
- particulate matter (7)
- polypharmacy (7)
- prognosis (7)
- prophylaxis (7)
- resistance (7)
- seizure (7)
- signal transduction (7)
- sphingolipids (7)
- thermal and non-thermal effects (7)
- thermische und nicht-thermische Effekte (7)
- thrombosis (7)
- toxicity (7)
- tumor-associated macrophages (7)
- ubiquitin (7)
- working memory (7)
- wound exudation (7)
- ATM (6)
- Adenocarcinoma (6)
- Allgemeinmedizin (6)
- Antiviral therapy (6)
- Atherosclerosis (6)
- Attention (6)
- Balloon enteroscopy (6)
- CDK4/6 (6)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (6)
- Cell signalling (6)
- Clinical trial (6)
- Cognition (6)
- Comorbidity (6)
- Complications (6)
- Consensus (6)
- Crohn’s disease (6)
- DMEK (6)
- Data science (6)
- Death rates (6)
- Dopamine (6)
- ELISA (6)
- Elderly (6)
- Electroencephalography (6)
- Enteroscopy (6)
- Extracellular matrix (6)
- Gene regulation (6)
- Gesundheit (6)
- Gesundheitserziehung (6)
- Glioblastoma (6)
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Fachbereich Humanmedizin (6)
- HBV (6)
- Health economics (6)
- Hippocampus (6)
- Immunsuppression (6)
- Incidence (6)
- Liver transplantation (6)
- Medical education (6)
- Medizin und Gesundheit (6)
- Medizinstudium (6)
- Molecular neuroscience (6)
- Morbidity (6)
- Multivariate analysis (6)
- Musculoskeletal system (6)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (6)
- OSCE (6)
- Oral anticoagulation (6)
- PD1/PDL1 (6)
- PI3K (6)
- Parkinson's disease (6)
- Patient blood management (6)
- Physical activity (6)
- Pneumonia (6)
- Portal hypertension (6)
- Pregnancy (6)
- Psychiatric disorders (6)
- Radiomics (6)
- Randomized controlled trial (6)
- Reactive oxygen species (6)
- Rectal cancer (6)
- Regeneration (6)
- Registry (6)
- Status epilepticus (6)
- Studien (6)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (6)
- T cell (6)
- T cells (6)
- Targeted therapy (6)
- Translational research (6)
- Ultrasound (6)
- Vaccination (6)
- Viral load (6)
- Vitamin D (6)
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6)
- acute myeloid leukemia (6)
- acute wounds (6)
- acute-on-chronic liver failure (6)
- akute Wunden (6)
- anemia (6)
- atrial fibrillation (6)
- bevacizumab (6)
- chronische venöse Unterschenkel-Ulzera (6)
- clinical trial (6)
- colon cancer (6)
- cytotoxicity (6)
- dentate gyrus (6)
- diabetes (6)
- diabetes mellitus (6)
- disease (6)
- environmental tobacco smoke (6)
- fibroblasts (6)
- flow cytometry (6)
- growth (6)
- guideline (6)
- guidelines (6)
- health education (6)
- imaging (6)
- immunity (6)
- immunohistochemistry (6)
- infection defense (6)
- influenza (6)
- information theory (6)
- integrin (6)
- iron deficiency (6)
- lactate (6)
- liver fibrosis (6)
- long non-coding RNA (6)
- mass spectrometry (6)
- mathematical modeling (6)
- medizinische Ausbildung (6)
- melanoma (6)
- memory (6)
- mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (6)
- metabolomics (6)
- mice (6)
- multimorbidity (6)
- nitric oxide (6)
- ovarian cancer (6)
- overall survival (6)
- plasticity (6)
- predictive coding (6)
- qualitative research (6)
- radiation (6)
- rhabdomyosarcoma (6)
- safety (6)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (6)
- stress (6)
- synaptic plasticity (6)
- systematic review (6)
- temperaturabhängige und temperaturunabhängige Effekte (6)
- thermic and non-thermic effects (6)
- ultrasound (6)
- vaccine (6)
- visuelle Analogskalen (VAS) (6)
- vitamin D (6)
- 5-lipoxygenase (5)
- ARDS (5)
- Allergie (5)
- Alzheimer's disease (5)
- Anemia (5)
- Anticoagulation (5)
- Aortic stenosis (5)
- Arteriosklerose (5)
- Artificial intelligence (5)
- Aspergillus (5)
- Ataxia telangiectasia (5)
- Attitude (5)
- Autism (5)
- B cells (5)
- BMC (5)
- BRD4 (5)
- Biochemistry (5)
- Brain (5)
- C-reactive protein (5)
- CRP (5)
- Calliphoridae (5)
- Candida (5)
- Cardiovascular disease (5)
- Cardiovascular diseases (5)
- Cell staining (5)
- Cell therapy (5)
- Clinical trials (5)
- Critical care (5)
- Cytokines (5)
- DAA (5)
- Decision making (5)
- Diabetes (5)
- Diagnose (5)
- Diseases (5)
- Drug induced liver injury (5)
- Education (5)
- Emotions (5)
- Epigenetics (5)
- Everolimus (5)
- Evidence-based medicine (5)
- Ewing sarcoma (5)
- Experimental models of disease (5)
- Extracellular vesicles (5)
- Eye movements (5)
- GPCR (5)
- Gastric cancer (5)
- Glioma (5)
- Guidelines (5)
- HNSCC (5)
- Health care (5)
- Hepatitis (5)
- Hepatotoxicity (5)
- Herbal hepatotoxicity (5)
- Histology (5)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (5)
- Hyperthermie (5)
- IL-6 (5)
- Immunsystem (5)
- Infection (5)
- Kind (5)
- Kinematic analysis (5)
- Legs (5)
- Lymphozyt (5)
- MLL (5)
- MRT (5)
- Machine-learning (5)
- Melanoma (5)
- MicroRNAs (5)
- Migration (5)
- Mitochondrial dysfunction (5)
- Molecular medicine (5)
- Mouse models (5)
- NF-κB (5)
- NK cell (5)
- NK-92 (5)
- NKG2D (5)
- NMR-Tomographie (5)
- NO (5)
- NS5A (5)
- Neurons (5)
- Nitric oxide (5)
- Omicron (5)
- PTSD (5)
- Personalized medicine (5)
- Pharmacology (5)
- Physiology (5)
- Platelet-rich fibrin (5)
- Polypharmacy (5)
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (5)
- Prediction (5)
- Predictive markers (5)
- Proliferation (5)
- Psychology (5)
- Quelle (5)
- RUCAM (5)
- Reaction time (5)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (5)
- Risiko (5)
- STAT3 (5)
- Safety (5)
- Schlaganfall (5)
- Screening (5)
- Signaling (5)
- Smac (5)
- Sportmedizin (5)
- Surgical oncology (5)
- Treatment outcome (5)
- Tumor microenvironment (5)
- Validation (5)
- Vision (5)
- acute coronary syndrome (5)
- adaptation (5)
- age (5)
- ataxia telangiectasia (5)
- auditory cortex (5)
- cardiac surgery (5)
- cardiovascular disease (5)
- cell therapy (5)
- ceramides (5)
- cervical cancer (5)
- chimeric antigen receptor (5)
- chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower legs (5)
- complement (5)
- confinement (5)
- connective tissue (5)
- connectivity (5)
- critical care (5)
- dendritic cells (5)
- dental implant (5)
- dental implants (5)
- digital medicine (5)
- drug discovery (5)
- evaluation (5)
- everolimus (5)
- extracellular vesicles (5)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (5)
- graph theory (5)
- histology (5)
- hyperglycemia (5)
- immune response (5)
- impulsivity (5)
- lipocalin-2 (5)
- lncRNA (5)
- mTORC1 (5)
- meningioma (5)
- natural killer cell (5)
- outcomes (5)
- pancreatic cancer (5)
- pandemic (5)
- patient blood management (5)
- patient safety (5)
- patients (5)
- perception (5)
- phagocytosis (5)
- phosphorylation (5)
- platelets (5)
- precision medicine (5)
- preeclampsia (5)
- prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind studies (5)
- prospektive, randomisierte, kontrollierte, doppeltblinde Studien (5)
- prostaglandins (5)
- protein degradation (5)
- psychotherapy (5)
- public health (5)
- quantitative MRI (5)
- rapamycin (5)
- rat (5)
- regeneration (5)
- rheumatoid arthritis (5)
- screening (5)
- sleep (5)
- sulforaphane (5)
- tissue engineering (5)
- ubiquitination (5)
- valproic acid (5)
- vector (5)
- visual cortex (5)
- 177Lu-PSMA-617 (4)
- 3D printing (4)
- ABCB1 (4)
- Acute inflammation (4)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (4)
- Adherence (4)
- Adhesion (4)
- Age groups (4)
- Alcohol (4)
- Alzheimer (4)
- Amblyopia (4)
- Angiography (4)
- Animal models (4)
- Antikörper (4)
- Anxiety (4)
- Aortic valve (4)
- Ascites (4)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (4)
- B-cell lymphoma (4)
- BCR/ABL (4)
- BRAF (4)
- Bacterial infection (4)
- Behavior (4)
- Biopsy (4)
- Bladder cancer (4)
- Blood pressure (4)
- Bone density (4)
- Bone marrow (4)
- Brain metastasis (4)
- Burden of illness (4)
- C. elegans (4)
- CIK cells (4)
- CT (4)
- CXCR4 (4)
- Cannabis (4)
- Cardiology (4)
- Cell proliferation (4)
- Cerebellum (4)
- Cesarean section (4)
- Chemoradiotherapy (4)
- Chronic kidney disease (4)
- Classification (4)
- Cochlear implant (4)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (4)
- Cognitive impairment (4)
- Cohort studies (4)
- Communication (4)
- Complex I (4)
- Computational models (4)
- Computed tomography (4)
- Conduct disorder (4)
- Corona (4)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (4)
- DILI (4)
- DNA damage (4)
- DTI (4)
- Data processing (4)
- Dementia (4)
- Denosumab (4)
- Density equalizing mapping (4)
- Developmental biology (4)
- Diagnostic medicine (4)
- Dravet syndrome (4)
- ER stress (4)
- Emotion regulation (4)
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (4)
- Endothelium (4)
- Epileptischer Anfall (4)
- European Union (4)
- Eyes (4)
- Flow cytometry (4)
- Functional connectivity (4)
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (4)
- Genetics research (4)
- Geschlecht (4)
- Gesundheitsökonomie (4)
- Glioblastom (4)
- Glucose (4)
- HAE (4)
- Healthcare worker (4)
- Heart transplantation (4)
- Hematology (4)
- Hepatitis B (4)
- Hereditary angioedema (4)
- Homeostasis (4)
- IAP proteins (4)
- Ibo <Moçambique> (4)
- Immunologie (4)
- Impfung (4)
- Infections (4)
- Infrarot-Thermographie (4)
- IntelliCage (4)
- Intensive care (4)
- Intensive care units (4)
- Interleukin (4)
- Interleukin-6 (4)
- Ischemia (4)
- Knees (4)
- Labor and delivery (4)
- Lehrbuch (4)
- Lesenlernen (4)
- Liver cirrhosis (4)
- Liver fibrosis (4)
- Long non-coding RNAs (4)
- Lung failure (4)
- MRSA (4)
- MSD (4)
- MYC (4)
- Mass spectrometry (4)
- Medical risk factors (4)
- Medizindidaktik (4)
- Medizingeschichte (4)
- Medizinstudenten (4)
- Medizinstudierende (4)
- Microbiology (4)
- Mouse (4)
- Multidetector computed tomography (4)
- Musculoskeletal diseases (4)
- Mwani (4)
- Mwani <Sprache> (4)
- Myocardial infarction (4)
- NAFLD (4)
- Neonates (4)
- Neural networks (4)
- Neurochirurgie (4)
- Neutropenia (4)
- Next-generation sequencing (4)
- Nierentransplantation (4)
- Nox4 (4)
- NoxO1 (4)
- Nrf2 (4)
- Older adults (4)
- PSMA (4)
- Pandemie (4)
- Pathogenesis (4)
- Patient safety (4)
- Pediatric (4)
- Phagocytosis (4)
- Physicians (4)
- Plasticity (4)
- Preclinical research (4)
- Preventive medicine (4)
- Prophylaxis (4)
- Prostatakarzinom (4)
- Public health (4)
- Pulmonary embolism (4)
- Pädiatrie (4)
- Quality of care (4)
- Qualitätssicherung (4)
- Quantitative MRI (4)
- Register (4)
- Registries (4)
- Rehabilitation (4)
- Resistenz (4)
- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (4)
- Schwangerschaft (4)
- Seltene Erkrankungen (4)
- Sensitivity (4)
- Sensitivity and Specificity (4)
- Sensory perception (4)
- Sex (4)
- Sex differences (4)
- Speech (4)
- Sport (4)
- Stem cell (4)
- Stem cells (4)
- Suicidality (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Systematic review (4)
- TACE (4)
- Tacrolimus (4)
- Therapy (4)
- Thrombose (4)
- Thrombosis (4)
- Tiermodell (4)
- Tissue engineering (4)
- Transcription factors (4)
- Tumormarker (4)
- Ubiquitination (4)
- Ultraschall (4)
- Wound healing (4)
- XIAP (4)
- Zika virus (4)
- acetaminophen (4)
- acute kidney injury (4)
- adjuvant therapy (4)
- adjuvante Therapie (4)
- adverse events (4)
- aggression (4)
- alcohol (4)
- alirocumab (4)
- anaemia (4)
- animal (4)
- antibodies (4)
- antioxidants (4)
- augmentation (4)
- bibliometrics (4)
- bibliometry (4)
- bioinformatics (4)
- brachytherapy (4)
- breast (4)
- cGMP (4)
- cancer stem cells (4)
- cell biology (4)
- cell migration (4)
- cerebellum (4)
- cerebrospinal fluid (4)
- chemoradiotherapy (4)
- chemoresistance (4)
- classical Hodgkin lymphoma (4)
- classification (4)
- climate change (4)
- clinical study (4)
- co-infection (4)
- collagen (4)
- combination therapy (4)
- complication (4)
- computed tomography (4)
- contact-free method (4)
- cortex (4)
- cystic fibrosis (4)
- cytomegalovirus (4)
- dementia (4)
- dendrite (4)
- dentist (4)
- diagnostics (4)
- direct-acting antivirals (4)
- dopamine (4)
- doxorubicin (4)
- early breast cancer (4)
- electroencephalography (4)
- electrolytic cleaning (4)
- electrophysiology (4)
- entropy (4)
- epigenetic (4)
- ergonomics (4)
- executive function (4)
- external beam radiotherapy (4)
- faculty development (4)
- fatigue (4)
- forensic entomology (4)
- frühes Mammakarzinom (4)
- functional connectivity (4)
- gastric cancer (4)
- general practice (4)
- glycolysis (4)
- haemophilia treatment (4)
- health-related quality of life (4)
- hemodialysis (4)
- hemorrhage (4)
- hepatitis C (4)
- hepatitis C virus (HCV) (4)
- immune evasion (4)
- immune system (4)
- immunology (4)
- in vitro (4)
- inflammasome (4)
- inflammatory bowel disease (4)
- infrared thermography (4)
- kidney (4)
- kontaktfreies, verbrauchsmaterialfreies Verfahren (4)
- learning to read (4)
- leukocytes (4)
- levetiracetam (4)
- lipid metabolism (4)
- lipoxygenase (4)
- lung function (4)
- management (4)
- mesenchymal stromal cells (4)
- metabolic syndrome (4)
- metastatic prostate cancer (4)
- mitosis (4)
- modeling (4)
- motility (4)
- motor cortex (4)
- multiple myeloma (4)
- musculoskeletal disorders (4)
- mutual information (4)
- neoadjuvant therapy (4)
- neural oscillations (4)
- neurocognition (4)
- neuroimaging (4)
- nociception (4)
- observational study (4)
- oscillations (4)
- p21 (4)
- pediatric (4)
- periimplantitis (4)
- peripheral artery disease (4)
- pharmacokinetics (4)
- polypharmacology (4)
- prefrontal cortex (4)
- primary cilium (4)
- primary health care (4)
- primary immunodeficiency (4)
- primary visual cortex (4)
- prostaglandin (4)
- proteasome (4)
- psoriatic arthritis (4)
- quality assurance (4)
- questionnaire (4)
- receptor (4)
- registry (4)
- reliability (4)
- resting state (4)
- resveratrol (4)
- risk (4)
- senescence (4)
- sex differences (4)
- signaling (4)
- simulation training (4)
- skeletal muscle (4)
- smoking (4)
- spinal cord (4)
- spirochetes (4)
- status epilepticus (4)
- stem cell transplantation (4)
- strength training (4)
- temozolomide (4)
- temporal lobe epilepsy (4)
- text book (4)
- thermographic image analysis (4)
- thermographische Bildanalyse (4)
- thrombolysis (4)
- thymus (4)
- tooth loss (4)
- transcription factor (4)
- transfusion (4)
- transplantation (4)
- traumatic brain injury (4)
- treatment centres (4)
- trials (4)
- tumor growth (4)
- tumor progression (4)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (4)
- walking (4)
- weight reduction (4)
- (surface) partial differential equations (3)
- 3D rapid prototyping (3)
- ABC Transporter (3)
- ADAM15 (3)
- ADHS (3)
- ALL (3)
- ATP (3)
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (3)
- Acute kidney injury (3)
- Adolescents (3)
- Adults (3)
- Adverse events (3)
- Antibiotics (3)
- Antibodies (3)
- Antigen Processing (3)
- Antiretroviral therapy (3)
- Anämie (3)
- Aortic valve replacement (3)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (3)
- Ataxia-telangiectasia (3)
- Autismus (3)
- BAG3 (3)
- BDNF (3)
- BMI (3)
- Batten disease (3)
- Begriffsgeschichte <Fach> (3)
- Bibliometrics (3)
- Biographie (3)
- Biophysics (3)
- Blood-brain barrier (3)
- Bone defect (3)
- Bone regeneration (3)
- Bone tissue engineering (3)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (3)
- Brain tumor (3)
- Bronchialasthma (3)
- C1 inhibitor (3)
- CAD/CAM (3)
- CAR (3)
- CD19 (3)
- CD36 (3)
- COMP (3)
- COVID 19 (3)
- CRM (3)
- CTGF (3)
- CXCL12 (3)
- CXCR3 (3)
- Calcium (3)
- Cancer chemotherapy (3)
- Cancer detection and diagnosis (3)
- Cancer genetics (3)
- Cancer genomics (3)
- Cancer models (3)
- Cardiac surgery (3)
- Carotis (3)
- Case report (3)
- Catheter ablation (3)
- Cell culture (3)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (3)
- Chaperone (3)
- Chemical biology (3)
- Child (3)
- Cholesterin (3)
- Chromatin accessibility (3)
- Chronic diseases (3)
- Chronic hepatitis C (3)
- Ciclosporin (3)
- Citation analysis (3)
- Clinical Trials and Observations (3)
- Clinical competence (3)
- Clinical decision support systems (3)
- Clinical genetics (3)
- Cochlear implantation (3)
- Cognitive neuroscience (3)
- Collagen (3)
- Comorbidities (3)
- Complex II (3)
- Compliance (3)
- Computer software (3)
- Computer-assisted diagnosis (3)
- Connective tissue (3)
- Coping (3)
- Coronary heart disease (3)
- Coronavirus (3)
- Costs (3)
- Covid-19 (3)
- Crystal structure (3)
- Cystic fibrosis (3)
- Cytokine (3)
- Cytoskeleton (3)
- D-wave (3)
- DNA damage response (3)
- DNA mismatch repair (3)
- DNase1-seq (3)
- Decision (3)
- Decorin (3)
- Deep brain stimulation (3)
- Delegation (3)
- Dental implant (3)
- Dental students (3)
- Dentistry (3)
- Development (3)
- Digitalisierung (3)
- Dose response (3)
- Drug hepatotoxicity (3)
- Drug resistance (3)
- Drugs (3)
- E-Learning (3)
- ECMO (3)
- EEG microstates (3)
- Eccentric fixation (3)
- Edema (3)
- Efficiency (3)
- Ejection fraction (3)
- Emergency room (3)
- Encephalopathy (3)
- Endocrinology (3)
- Endovascular repair (3)
- Entscheidungsassistenz (3)
- Epidemiologie (3)
- Epigenetik (3)
- Epileptische Anfälle (3)
- Evidence based medicine (3)
- Exosomes (3)
- FFLU (3)
- FGFR (3)
- FTY720 (3)
- Fasting (3)
- Feasibility (3)
- Feedback (3)
- Fibronectin (3)
- Fibrosis (3)
- Fingolimod (3)
- Finite Volumes (3)
- Fistula (3)
- Forensic medicine (3)
- Fourier analysis (3)
- Freud, Sigmund (3)
- Frühgeburt (3)
- Functional clustering (3)
- G-CSF (3)
- Gait analysis (3)
- Gene Regulation (3)
- Gene fusion (3)
- Gene therapy (3)
- Genome-wide association studies (3)
- Gesundheitsförderung (3)
- Gesundheitspolitik (3)
- Gesundheitswesen (3)
- Gewichtsabnahme (3)
- Global health (3)
- Goldstein, Kurt (3)
- Guideline (3)
- H1N1 (3)
- HER2 (3)
- HER2/neu (3)
- HIF (3)
- HPV (3)
- HSCT (3)
- Head and neck cancer (3)
- Health services research (3)
- Healthcare costs (3)
- Healthy adults (3)
- HepG2 (3)
- Hepatitis-C-Virus (3)
- Hirnforschung (3)
- HoLEP (3)
- Homosexualität (3)
- Hospitals (3)
- Human genetics (3)
- Hämodynamik (3)
- I-wave (3)
- IBD (3)
- ICD (3)
- ICU (3)
- IFT (3)
- IL-1β (3)
- Image processing (3)
- Immunchemie (3)
- Immune cells (3)
- Immune system (3)
- Immunosuppression (3)
- Impfstoff (3)
- Induction chemotherapy (3)
- Infectious diseases (3)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (3)
- Inflammatory diseases (3)
- Influenza (3)
- Infrarot-A-Strahlung (3)
- Injury (3)
- Innate immunity (3)
- Insulin (3)
- Interleukin-22 (3)
- Ixodes ricinus (3)
- Jaw (3)
- Kidney transplantation (3)
- Kinder (3)
- Kinderheilkunde (3)
- Kinderwunsch (3)
- Knochenersatzmaterial (3)
- Knowledge (3)
- Kolonkarzinom (3)
- Körper (3)
- Körperliche Aktivität (3)
- LCMV (3)
- LPS (3)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (3)
- Language (3)
- Leberzirrhose (3)
- Lehre (3)
- Lehrqualifikation (3)
- Leitlinien (3)
- Lesions (3)
- Leukemia (3)
- Leukozyt (3)
- Leukämie (3)
- Linear regression analysis (3)
- Liver Transplantation (3)
- LncRNA (3)
- Long-term care (3)
- Low back pain (3)
- Lumbar spine (3)
- Lyme disease (3)
- MCAK (3)
- MCAO (3)
- Macrophage polarization (3)
- Major depressive disorder (3)
- Makrophagen (3)
- Manner of death (3)
- Masquelet technique (3)
- Membrane proteins (3)
- Mental health (3)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (3)
- Messenger RNA (3)
- Meta-analysis (3)
- Metaanalysis (3)
- Metabolic diseases (3)
- Metabolic syndrome (3)
- Metabolism (3)
- Metabolomics (3)
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3)
- Microbiome (3)
- Microwave ablation (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- Morphogenesis (3)
- Morphology (3)
- Motor control (3)
- Multianalyte detection (3)
- Multiplate (3)
- Musculoskeletal disorder (3)
- Myalgia (3)
- NADH dehydrogenase (3)
- NIRS (3)
- NMR spectroscopy (3)
- NSCLC (3)
- Nerve fibers (3)
- Neuroblastom (3)
- Neurodegeneration (3)
- Neuroinflammation (3)
- Neurotransmitter (3)
- Nivolumab (3)
- Non-REM sleep (3)
- Nox (3)
- OSPE (3)
- OXA-48 (3)
- Obduktion (3)
- Observational study (3)
- Occlusion treatment (3)
- Occupational health (3)
- Offene Versorgung (3)
- Open repair (3)
- Optogenetics (3)
- Oxidative phosphorylation (3)
- Oxidativer Stress (3)
- PARK2 (3)
- PBPK (3)
- PDGFRβ (3)
- PSA (3)
- Pediatric patients (3)
- Pediatrics (3)
- Penile carcinomas (3)
- Peri-implantitis (3)
- Periodontitis (3)
- Persistence (3)
- Pflege (3)
- Phosphorylation (3)
- Platelets (3)
- Portal veins (3)
- Pre-analytics (3)
- Preterm birth (3)
- Primary health care (3)
- Primärversorgung (3)
- Prognostic markers (3)
- Progranulin (3)
- Prostataspezifisches Antigen (3)
- Protease inhibitor therapy (3)
- Psoriasis (3)
- Psychiatrie (3)
- Pulmonary hypertension (3)
- Questionnaire (3)
- Questionnaires (3)
- RCT (3)
- RITA (3)
- RNA interference (3)
- RNA sequencing (3)
- RNA therapeutics (3)
- Ratgeber (3)
- Ratte (3)
- Rechtsmedizin (3)
- Regression analysis (3)
- Relaxometry (3)
- Reliability (3)
- Reliabilität (3)
- Renal cell carcinoma (3)
- Research Article (3)
- Respiration (3)
- Rezidiv (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- S1P (3)
- SARS (3)
- SF-36 (3)
- SNP (3)
- SUDEP (3)
- SUMO (3)
- SVR (3)
- Sarcoma (3)
- Seizures (3)
- Sensitivität und Spezifität (3)
- Serodiagnosis (3)
- Sexualität (3)
- Simulated patients (3)
- Sleep (3)
- Sphingolipids (3)
- Spiel (3)
- Spine (3)
- Sports and exercise medicine (3)
- Sprachstörung (3)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (3)
- Stammzelltransplantation (3)
- Statistical data (3)
- Stereotactic body radiation therapy (3)
- Strength training (3)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (3)
- Sudden cardiac death (3)
- Surgeons (3)
- Synapses (3)
- Synaptic plasticity (3)
- Systematic reviews (3)
- TGF-β (3)
- TGFβ (3)
- TIPS (3)
- TKI (3)
- TSC (3)
- Target identification (3)
- Teaching (3)
- Tele-EEG (3)
- Telemedicine (3)
- Temozolomide (3)
- Tensiomyography (3)
- Thoracic trauma (3)
- Thrombozytenkonzentrat (3)
- Thyroid (3)
- Todesart (3)
- Torque (3)
- Toxicity (3)
- Transarterial chemoembolization (3)
- Type 2 diabetes (3)
- USP28 (3)
- Undergraduate medical education (3)
- Upper body posture (3)
- Validity (3)
- Variant histology (3)
- Vergütung (3)
- Versorgungsqualität (3)
- Western blot (3)
- Wnt (3)
- Women (3)
- Zoonosis (3)
- absent expenditure of material (3)
- accident (3)
- acetylcholine (3)
- actin (3)
- acupuncture (3)
- acute coronary syndromes (3)
- acute decompensation (3)
- acute leukemia (3)
- adenosine (3)
- adherence (3)
- adjuvant chemotherapy (3)
- adult (3)
- aged (3)
- albumin (3)
- alcohol use disorder (3)
- allogeneic stem cell transplantation (3)
- alveolar ridge augmentation (3)
- anal cancer (3)
- animal model (3)
- animal models (3)
- anti-angiogenic therapy (3)
- antiviral (3)
- anxiety (3)
- aptamer (3)
- arteriogenesis (3)
- ascites (3)
- aspirin (3)
- astrocytes (3)
- atezolizumab (3)
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (3)
- autism spectrum disorder (3)
- autologous stem cell transplantation (3)
- automation (3)
- bacteria (3)
- bereavement (3)
- biocompatibility (3)
- bleeding (3)
- blood (3)
- blood transfusion (3)
- body mass index (3)
- bone (3)
- bone regeneration (3)
- bortezomib (3)
- brain cancer (3)
- brain imaging (3)
- brain metastasis (3)
- brain stimulation (3)
- brainstem (3)
- burden of illness (3)
- callous-unemotional traits (3)
- calprotectin (3)
- calretinin (3)
- cancer immunotherapy (3)
- cancer specific survival (3)
- carbapenemases (3)
- cardiac (3)
- caregivers (3)
- cartilage (3)
- caspase-2 (3)
- caspase-8 (3)
- catheter ablation (3)
- cell cycle (3)
- cell proliferation (3)
- chemokines (3)
- chronic myeloid leukemia (3)
- cisplatin (3)
- clinical benefit (3)
- clinical research (3)
- clinical trials (3)
- cochlea (3)
- colon (3)
- comorbidities (3)
- comorbidity (3)
- compartmental neuron model (3)
- complex I (3)
- complexome profiling (3)
- computational model (3)
- computational neuroscience (3)
- computational virology (3)
- continuous performance test (3)
- corona (3)
- cortisol (3)
- critical size defect (3)
- critically ill patients (3)
- cycling (3)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (3)
- decision making (3)
- dental education (3)
- dental profession (3)
- dexamethasone (3)
- diabetic nephropathy (3)
- diagnostic algorithm (3)
- didactic (3)
- diet (3)
- disintegration (3)
- dissolution (3)
- drug induced liver injury (3)
- drug release (3)
- eNOS (3)
- echocardiography (3)
- education (3)
- endocannabinoids (3)
- endoplasmic reticulum (3)
- epidermal growth factor receptor (3)
- episodic memory (3)
- evolution (3)
- fascia (3)
- feedback (3)
- fenfluramine (3)
- focal adhesion (3)
- follow-up (3)
- functional outcome (3)
- fusion (3)
- gamma (3)
- gene regulation (3)
- genetics (3)
- glucose (3)
- growth inhibition (3)
- haemophilia care (3)
- head and neck cancer (3)
- health (3)
- healthcare worker (3)
- heart (3)
- heart rate (3)
- hematopoiesis (3)
- hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (3)
- hematopoietic stem cells (3)
- hepatitis B (3)
- herb induced liver injury (3)
- histone acetylation (3)
- homeostasis (3)
- hyperactivity (3)
- immune cells (3)
- immune checkpoint inhibitors (3)
- immune escape (3)
- immune reconstitution (3)
- immunmodulierende Effekte (3)
- immunologische Methoden (3)
- immunomodulatory effects (3)
- immunosuppression (3)
- inertial motion capture (3)
- infectious diseases (3)
- infrared-A radiation (3)
- insulin resistance (3)
- interleukin-22 (3)
- interleukins (3)
- invasive fungal disease (3)
- invasive fungal infection (3)
- iron metabolism (3)
- irradiation (3)
- kidney transplantation (3)
- leptin (3)
- lipidomics (3)
- lipids (3)
- liver injury (3)
- local recurrence (3)
- lockdown (3)
- long-term prophylaxis (3)
- lyme disease (3)
- lymphoma (3)
- mRNA (3)
- magnetoencephalography (3)
- massively parallel multigrid solvers (3)
- meta-analysis (3)
- metastatic (3)
- metformin (3)
- miRNAs (3)
- microdialysis (3)
- microwave ablation (3)
- mild cognitive impairment (3)
- mitochondrial disease (3)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (3)
- mitochondrial respiration (3)
- molecular mechanisms (3)
- monoclonal antibody (3)
- morbidity (3)
- morphology (3)
- mouse model (3)
- multi-scale modeling (3)
- multidrug resistance (3)
- musculoskeletal (3)
- mycophenolic acid (3)
- myocarditis (3)
- nanoparticles (3)
- necroptosis (3)
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3)
- neonate (3)
- neoplasms (3)
- neural network (3)
- neurocritical care (3)
- neuromodulation (3)
- neuropathy (3)
- neurophysiology (3)
- neutralization (3)
- neutralizing antibodies (3)
- newborn (3)
- next-generation sequencing (3)
- non-coding RNA (3)
- occupational infections (3)
- oncology (3)
- online survey (3)
- optogenetics (3)
- osteoporosis (3)
- overweight (3)
- oxidative phosphorylation (3)
- p47phox (3)
- pediatric patients (3)
- pentose phosphate pathway (3)
- perforant path transection (3)
- perfusion (3)
- peri-implantitis (3)
- pericarditis (3)
- pharmacodynamics (3)
- pharmacogenetics (3)
- physiotherapy (3)
- plasmid (3)
- platelet-rich fibrin (3)
- pneumonia (3)
- postoperative complications (3)
- postoperative pain (3)
- posttraumatic stress disorder (3)
- predictor (3)
- primary prostate cancer (3)
- primary sclerosing cholangitis (3)
- prognostic factors (3)
- prolonged grief disorder (3)
- protein synthesis (3)
- proteoglycan (3)
- proteome (3)
- proteostasis (3)
- pulmonary hypertension (3)
- radical prostatecomy (3)
- realistic geometries (3)
- relapse (3)
- relaxometry (3)
- remodelling (3)
- renal cell cancer (3)
- renal function (3)
- reproducibility (3)
- resistance mutation (3)
- resolution (3)
- rituximab (3)
- salvage therapy (3)
- scientometrics (3)
- seizures (3)
- serum (3)
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (3)
- sex (3)
- simulation (3)
- soft tissue sarcoma (3)
- sphingolipid (3)
- squamous cell carcinoma (3)
- stress response (3)
- supportive periodontal therapy (3)
- surgical procedures (3)
- synchrony (3)
- systematic biopsy (3)
- systemic antibiotics (3)
- therapeutics (3)
- therapy monitoring (3)
- tobacco prevention (3)
- toll-like receptor (3)
- trafficking (3)
- training (3)
- transcriptome (3)
- transient elastography (3)
- triglycerides (3)
- tumor angiogenesis (3)
- type 1 diabetes (3)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (3)
- validity (3)
- vemurafenib (3)
- viral dynamics (3)
- virus (3)
- visual analog scales (VAS) (3)
- visual analogue scales (VAS) (3)
- visual attention (3)
- von Willebrand factor (3)
- working conditions (3)
- zinc (3)
- Ähnlichkeit (3)
- - (2)
- 17-AAG (2)
- 3D spatio-temporal resolved mathematical models (2)
- 5′-UTR (2)
- 6-shogaol (2)
- A/D transition (2)
- ABCC1 (2)
- ABCG2 (2)
- ACL (2)
- AF4 (2)
- AKI (2)
- AKT (2)
- ALK (2)
- AMH (2)
- AMPK (2)
- APP processing (2)
- ARFI (2)
- ATP-citrate lyase (2)
- Abdominelles Aortenaneurysma (2)
- Abort (2)
- Absorption (2)
- Academic medicine (2)
- Access (2)
- Accidental reaction (2)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (2)
- Acne inversa (2)
- Acoustics (2)
- Action potentials (2)
- Activities of daily living (2)
- Acuris (2)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (2)
- Acute decompensation (2)
- Acute leukemia (2)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (2)
- Acute myeloid leukaemia (2)
- Acute seizure plan (2)
- Acute-on-chronic liver failure (2)
- Addiction (2)
- Addison’s disease (2)
- Adipose tissue (2)
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Adolescence (2)
- Adult neurogenesis (2)
- Adverse drug reaction (2)
- Africa (2)
- Age (2)
- Age estimation (2)
- Aggression (2)
- Akaike information criterion (AIC) (2)
- Akute lymphatische Leukämie (2)
- Akuter Anfallsplan (2)
- Alcohol consumption (2)
- Alcoholic liver disease (2)
- Algorithms (2)
- Alleles (2)
- Allergen avoidance (2)
- Allergic asthma (2)
- Allergy (2)
- Allosteric inhibition (2)
- Alpelisib (2)
- Alpha-synuclein (2)
- Alzheimer-Krankheit (2)
- Anaemia (2)
- Anal cancer (2)
- Analgesia (2)
- Analgesie (2)
- Analyse der Körperzusammensetzung (2)
- Anamneseerhebung (2)
- Anandamide (2)
- Anatomy (2)
- Angiographie (2)
- Animal model (2)
- Anschlussheilbehandlung (2)
- Anti-IgE (2)
- Anti-seizure medication (2)
- Anticoagulant therapy (2)
- Anticonvulsants (2)
- Antigen test (2)
- Antikonvulsiva (2)
- Antikörpertest (2)
- Antimicrobial resistance (2)
- Antimicrobial treatment (2)
- Antiretrovirals (2)
- Aortic dissection (2)
- Apheresis (2)
- Apixaban (2)
- Appendectomy (2)
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sammlung Deutscher Drucke (2)
- Arrhythmia (2)
- Arthroplasty (2)
- Arzneimittel (2)
- Arzneimittelmarkt (2)
- Asphyxia (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Associative memory (2)
- Asthma (2)
- Ataxia (2)
- Atezolizumab (2)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2)
- Audio signal processing (2)
- Auditory rehabilitation (2)
- Auditory system (2)
- Augenheilkunde (2)
- Aurora A (2)
- Aurora kinase (2)
- Austria (2)
- Autoimmunity (2)
- Autologous biomaterial (2)
- Axons (2)
- Ayurveda (2)
- BA.1 (2)
- BCL2 (2)
- BCL6 (2)
- BCOR (2)
- BCX7353 (2)
- BFR training (2)
- BMNC (2)
- BNT162b2 (2)
- BPH (2)
- BRCA1 (2)
- BRCA2 (2)
- Babesia divergens (2)
- Babesia microti (2)
- Back pain (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial biofilms (2)
- Bacterial meningitis (2)
- Balance (2)
- Bartonella henselae (2)
- Bauchaortenaneurysma (2)
- Begriff (2)
- Behandlungsposition (2)
- Benefit (2)
- Berufskrankheit (2)
- Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (2)
- Bevacizumab (2)
- Bewegung (2)
- Bewegungsmangel (2)
- Biceps brachii (2)
- Big Data (2)
- Big Five (2)
- Bildgebung (2)
- Bile duct stone (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Bioenergetics (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Bioinformatics (2)
- Biological profile (2)
- Biomedical engineering (2)
- Biomedical informatics (2)
- Biophysical chemistry (2)
- Biophysical models (2)
- Biorecognition strategies (2)
- Biosynthetic mesh (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- Bipolar (2)
- Birth weight (2)
- Bleeding (2)
- Blog (2)
- Blood groups (2)
- Blood loss (2)
- Blood loss estimation (2)
- Blood plasma (2)
- Bloodstream infections (2)
- Blow flies (2)
- Blutübertragbare Virusinfektionen (2)
- Body mass index (2)
- Body modification (2)
- Body posture (2)
- Bone marrow aspiration (2)
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Bone metastases (2)
- Borderline personality disorder (2)
- Bowel obstruction (2)
- Breast neoplasms (2)
- Breast tumors (2)
- Bungarus niger (2)
- Burden of disease (2)
- CAM (2)
- CBA (2)
- CC16 (2)
- CCL2 (2)
- CD14 (2)
- CD16 (2)
- CD44 (2)
- CD62 (2)
- CDK9 (2)
- CDKN1A (2)
- CHIP (2)
- CIOMS (2)
- CIRS (2)
- CLN3 (2)
- CLP (2)
- CMR (2)
- CMV (2)
- CNN (2)
- COVID-19 pandemic (2)
- COVID-19 surveillance (2)
- COVID19-NMR (2)
- CPE (2)
- CRISPR/Cas (2)
- CSM (2)
- CTLA-4 (2)
- CUELA (2)
- CV9202 (2)
- CXCL13 (2)
- Caco-2 cells (2)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- Callous-unemotional traits (2)
- Calpain (2)
- Calprotectin (2)
- Cancer epidemiology (2)
- Cancer therapy (2)
- Cancer-specific mortality (2)
- Cannabidiol (2)
- Capecitabine (2)
- Carbapenemase (2)
- Carcinoma (2)
- Cardiac arrest (2)
- Cardiac hypertrophy (2)
- Cardiac magnetic resonance (2)
- Cardioprotection (2)
- Cardiovascular biology (2)
- Carotisstenose (2)
- Case management (2)
- Cats (2)
- Causality assessment (2)
- Celiac disease (2)
- Cell binding (2)
- Cell death (2)
- Cell death and immune response (2)
- Cell differentiation (2)
- Cell division (2)
- Cell salvage (2)
- Cellular Immune Response (2)
- Cerebral cortex (2)
- Checkpoint inhibitor (2)
- Chemokines (2)
- Chemoprevention (2)
- Chemotherapie (2)
- Child abuse (2)
- Children and adolescents (2)
- Chinesische Medizin (2)
- Chirurgie (2)
- Chlorides (2)
- Cholangiography (2)
- Cholangiopancreatography (2)
- Chondrocytes (2)
- Chronic depression (2)
- Chronic disease (2)
- Chronic hepatitis (2)
- Chronic inflammation (2)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2)
- Chronisch-myeloische Leukämie (2)
- Clinical Global Impression of Change (2)
- Clinical presentation (2)
- Clinical studies (2)
- Clinical study (2)
- Clustering (2)
- Cocaine (2)
- Cochleaimplantation (2)
- Collagens (2)
- Colloids (2)
- Colonoscopy (2)
- Community based intervention (2)
- Community health services (2)
- Complexity (2)
- Complication management (2)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (2)
- Computational model (2)
- Computational neuroscience (2)
- Computational science (2)
- Computed Tomography (2)
- Computer hardware (2)
- Computer science (2)
- Computertomographie (2)
- Connectivity (2)
- Connectomics (2)
- Coronary artery disease (2)
- Cortex (2)
- Cost-effectiveness (2)
- Cre-recombinase (2)
- Croatia (2)
- Crohn's disease (2)
- CspZ (2)
- Cuela (2)
- Curriculum (2)
- CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery (2)
- CysLTR1 (2)
- Cytogenetics (2)
- Cytologie (2)
- Cytoskeletal proteins (2)
- DEPDC5 (2)
- DMARDs (biologic) (2)
- DNA (2)
- DOMS (2)
- DSM (2)
- Daptomycin (2)
- Database searching (2)
- Datenschutz (2)
- Datenverarbeitung (2)
- Decision trees (2)
- Defibrillation (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Demenz (2)
- Dengue (2)
- Dengue virus (2)
- Density-equalizing mapping (2)
- Dental implants (2)
- Dentist (2)
- Dentists (2)
- Dermatologie (2)
- Diagnostic algorithm (2)
- Diagnostic imaging (2)
- Diagnostic test (2)
- Dialyse (2)
- Dicer (2)
- Differential diagnosis (2)
- Differentiation (2)
- Differenzierung (2)
- Digestive system procedures (2)
- Digitalization (2)
- Direct current electrical stimulation (2)
- Directly acting antiviral agent (2)
- Disc herniation (2)
- Disease Activity (2)
- Disintegration (2)
- Distance to water (2)
- Docetaxel (2)
- Double-balloon enteroscopy (2)
- Drug development (2)
- Drug discovery (2)
- Dynamic MRI (2)
- E. coli (2)
- E3 ligase (2)
- EBM (2)
- EEG-fMRI (2)
- EET (2)
- EMT (2)
- ENCODE-DREAM in vivo Transcription Factor binding site prediction challenge (2)
- EQ-5D (2)
- ERP (2)
- ESBL (2)
- EWSR1 (2)
- Ears (2)
- Ebola virus (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Edinger, Ludwig (2)
- Edoxaban (2)
- Efficacy (2)
- Electrical stimulation (2)
- Electroencephalography – EEG (2)
- Electrophysiology (2)
- Elevation (2)
- Emotion (2)
- Empathy (2)
- EndMT (2)
- Endocannabinoid (2)
- Endocannabinoids (2)
- Endokrinologie (2)
- Endometriosis (2)
- Endoscopic retrograde (2)
- Endoscopic ultrasound (2)
- Endosomes (2)
- Endothel (2)
- Endothelial permeability (2)
- Endotoxin (2)
- Endovaskuläre Behandlung (2)
- Ensemble learning (2)
- Enterobacteriaceae (2)
- Enterscopy (2)
- Environmental support (2)
- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (2)
- Enzyme-linked immunoassays (2)
- EphB4 (2)
- Epicutaneous immunotherapy (2)
- Epidemiology and End Results (2)
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (2)
- Epileptic seizures (2)
- Episodic memory (2)
- Epstein-Barr virus (2)
- Equity (2)
- Ergonomics (2)
- Erwachsene (2)
- Erweiterter Suizid (2)
- Etiology (2)
- Euthanasie <Nationalsozialismus> (2)
- Evidence-based (2)
- Evidence-based dentistry (2)
- Evidenz (2)
- Evidenzbasierte Medizin (2)
- Extended donor criteria (2)
- Extended suicide (2)
- Extracellular matrix proteins (2)
- FEV1 (2)
- FFPE (2)
- FHIR (2)
- FLT3-ITD (2)
- Face (2)
- Fachsprache (2)
- Family practice (2)
- Fatty liver (2)
- Fertilität (2)
- Fertilité (2)
- Fettstoffwechsel (2)
- Fibroblasts (2)
- Finanzierung (2)
- Flaps (2)
- Flexibility (2)
- Follow-up treatment (2)
- Forensische Osteologie (2)
- Fortbildung (2)
- Fragebogen (2)
- Frailty (2)
- Frankfurt am Main (2)
- Früherkennung (2)
- Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (2)
- Function (2)
- Functional characterization (2)
- Functional electrical stimulation (2)
- Funding (2)
- Fußkurbelergometerausdauerbelastung (2)
- G2A (2)
- GABA (2)
- GEMs (2)
- GFAP (2)
- GWAS (2)
- Gadobutrol (2)
- Galaktografie (2)
- Galaktomosynthese (2)
- Gaming disorder (2)
- Gastritis (2)
- Gastrointestinal bleeding (2)
- Gastroschisis (2)
- Gehen (2)
- Gelenkersatz (2)
- Gemeinschaftliche Selbsttötung (2)
- Gender reassigning surgery (2)
- Gene (2)
- Gene ontology (2)
- General practitioners (2)
- Genetic engineering (2)
- Genetic testing (2)
- Genetik (2)
- Genexpression (2)
- Genregulation (2)
- Gentherapie (2)
- Geographic variation (2)
- Geographically weighted regression (GWR) (2)
- Geriatric patients (2)
- German people (2)
- Geschichte 1801-1870 (2)
- Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses (2)
- Gesichtsauflösung (2)
- Gesprächsführung (2)
- Gewalt (2)
- Gezielte Therapie (2)
- Ginkgoblatt-Extrakt (2)
- Glaucoma (2)
- Gleason score (2)
- Glucose metabolism (2)
- Glycolysis (2)
- Grafts (2)
- Growth factors (2)
- HBsAg (2)
- HCMV (2)
- HDACi (2)
- HES (2)
- HIV protease inhibitors (2)
- HIV-Infektion (2)
- HL7 FHIR (2)
- HLA class I (2)
- HNO (2)
- HOD (2)
- HRM (2)
- HSV (2)
- HSV-1 (2)
- HUVEC (2)
- Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde (2)
- Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis (2)
- Hausarzt (2)
- Hausarztmangel (2)
- Hausarztpraxis (2)
- HeLa cells (2)
- Health care workers (2)
- Health policy (2)
- Health services (2)
- Healthcare personnel (2)
- Healthcare resource utilization (2)
- Heart rate (2)
- Heilkunde (2)
- Hematologic malignancies (2)
- Hemodynamics (2)
- Hepatitis B virus (2)
- Herpes Zoster Infektion (2)
- Herpes-simplex-Virus (2)
- Herzinfarkt (2)
- Herztransplantation (2)
- Heterogeneity (2)
- High oblique sagittal osteotomy (2)
- High-density lipoprotein (2)
- High-density-Lipoproteine HDL (2)
- Hirninfarkt (2)
- Hirnkrankheit (2)
- Hirntumor (2)
- Histologie (2)
- Holmes tremor (2)
- Homicide (2)
- Hospital (2)
- Host-biofilm interactions (2)
- HuR (2)
- Human (2)
- Hypertonie (2)
- Hörrehabilitation (2)
- Hörrinde (2)
- Hüfte (2)
- IAPs (2)
- ICD-11 (2)
- IDH mutation (2)
- IHC (2)
- IKZF1 (2)
- IL-10 (2)
- IL-12 (2)
- IL-33 (2)
- IR-A (2)
- ISR (2)
- Identification (2)
- Ileus (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Imatinib mesilat (2)
- Imeetto (2)
- Immune Response (2)
- Immune suppression (2)
- Immunenzymtechniken (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Immunität <Medizin> (2)
- Immunmodulation (2)
- Immunoenzyme Techniques (2)
- Immunogenicity (2)
- Immunologic methods (2)
- Immuntherapie (2)
- Immunturbidimetrie (2)
- Impfraten (2)
- Implementation (2)
- In vivo (2)
- Incidence rate (2)
- Incisional hernia (2)
- Indirect-binding (2)
- Indonesia (2)
- Infection control (2)
- Infektiologie (2)
- Infektion (2)
- Information theory (2)
- Injuries (2)
- Innate Immunity (2)
- Innate immune response (2)
- Insulin signalling (2)
- Integration (2)
- Integrin (2)
- Integrins (2)
- Intelligence (2)
- Intensive care treatment (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interdisciplinarity (2)
- Interdisziplinarität (2)
- Interferon (2)
- Interleukin-1 (2)
- Intervention (2)
- Interventionsversuch (2)
- Iron (2)
- Iron deficiency (2)
- Iron deficiency anemia (2)
- Ischemia/reperfusion injury (2)
- Joint loading (2)
- Jumping (2)
- KGF (2)
- Katherine (2)
- Ketogenic diet (2)
- Ki-67 (2)
- Kinases (2)
- Kinderkrankheit (2)
- Klassifikation (2)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (2)
- Klinische Ergebnisse (2)
- Klinische Kompetenz (2)
- Knee joint (2)
- Knochen (2)
- Kolorektales Karzinom (2)
- Kompetenzen (2)
- Komplementsystem (2)
- Komplikation (2)
- Krankenversicherung (2)
- Krebs (2)
- Kunst (2)
- Körpergewicht (2)
- Körperhaltung (2)
- Körpermasseindex BMI (2)
- L-DOPA (2)
- LSCC (2)
- LVAD (2)
- Labordiagnostik (2)
- Laktat (2)
- Lamivudine (2)
- Landarztprogramm (2)
- Laparoskopie (2)
- Lasers (2)
- Laufband (2)
- Left hemisphere (2)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (2)
- Leptin (2)
- Leukemias (2)
- Leukocytes (2)
- Leukotriene (2)
- Lipid signalling (2)
- Lipidomics (2)
- Lipolyse (2)
- Liposomes (2)
- Literatur (2)
- Liver (2)
- Liver cancer (2)
- Liver injury (2)
- Livestock (2)
- Local climate (2)
- Local therapy (2)
- Lokalrezidiv (2)
- Long-COVID (2)
- Long-term potentiation (2)
- Longitudinal (2)
- Low-density-Lipoproteine LDL (2)
- Low-molecular-weight heparin (2)
- Low-virulent infection (2)
- Luciferase (2)
- Lucilia sericata (2)
- Lung cancer (2)
- Lungenfunktion (2)
- Lyme borreliosis (2)
- Lymph nodes (2)
- Lymphectasia (2)
- Lymphocytes (2)
- Lymphom (2)
- Lymphoma (2)
- Lysophosphatidic acids (2)
- Lysosome (2)
- M2-PK (2)
- MALAT1 (2)
- MCI (2)
- MHC (2)
- MICA (2)
- MLH1 (2)
- MLKL (2)
- MLL-r leukemia (2)
- MMP9 (2)
- MR spectroscopy (2)
- MRP4 (2)
- MSC (2)
- MTT assay (2)
- Macroautophagy (2)
- Magnetic resonance (2)
- Makhuwa-Meetto (2)
- Malaria prevalence (2)
- Malnutrition (2)
- Mamma (2)
- Marburg virus (2)
- Markovianity (2)
- Mastectomy (2)
- Maxillary sinus (2)
- Medical consultation (2)
- Medical diagnostics (2)
- Medication Appropriateness Index (2)
- Medicine (2)
- Medizinische Ethik (2)
- Medizinsoziologie (2)
- Meldepflicht (2)
- Membrane potential (2)
- Memory (2)
- Memory consolidation (2)
- Mensch (2)
- Mental imagery (2)
- Mesh (2)
- Metastasis (2)
- Metastatic (2)
- Metastatic breast cancer (2)
- Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (2)
- Mice (2)
- Microarray (2)
- Microglia (2)
- Microstates (2)
- Microsurgery (2)
- Migrants (2)
- Mindfulness (2)
- Minimal residual disease (2)
- Mitochondrial ROS (2)
- Mitochondrial complex I (2)
- Mitosis (2)
- MitraClip (2)
- Mixed methods (2)
- Mobilization (2)
- Model (2)
- Molecular autopsy (2)
- Molecular profiling (2)
- Molecular subtypes (2)
- Monocytes (2)
- Morbus Basedow (2)
- Morphometry (2)
- Mountain (2)
- Multidrug resistance (2)
- Multimorbidität (2)
- Multiple Sklerose (2)
- Multiple chronic conditions (2)
- Multivariable analysis (2)
- Multivariate Analyse (2)
- Music (2)
- Muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen (2)
- Mutation (2)
- Mutations (2)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2)
- Myeloid Neoplasia (2)
- Myocardial perfusion (2)
- Myocarditis (2)
- Myokardinfarkt (2)
- Myokarditis (2)
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (2)
- NCCN (2)
- NCoR1 (2)
- NF-κB pathway (2)
- NFκB (2)
- NK cells (2)
- NMR (2)
- NOTCH1 (2)
- NR4A2 (2)
- NS-Medizin (2)
- NS3 (2)
- Nachsorge (2)
- Nachweismethoden (2)
- Nachweisverfahren (2)
- Nadelstichverletzungen (2)
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (2)
- Neoplasms (2)
- Nepal (2)
- Nephrectomy (2)
- Nerve regeneration (2)
- Nervenkrankheit (2)
- Neugeborenes (2)
- Neural circuits (2)
- Neural stem cells (2)
- Neuroimaging (2)
- Neurologie (2)
- Neuron (2)
- Neuronal dendrites (2)
- Neuronal morphology (2)
- Neuronal plasticity (2)
- Neuropathic pain (2)
- Neurophysiologie (2)
- Neurophysiology (2)
- Neuropsychiatrie (2)
- Neurosurgery (2)
- Neurotoxicity (2)
- Nevirapine (2)
- Nicotine (2)
- Non-coding RNA (2)
- Non-interventional study (2)
- Normal distribution (2)
- Notaufnahme (2)
- Notfallmedizin (2)
- Nox1 (2)
- Nucleic acid biomarkers (2)
- Nuklearmedizin (2)
- Numerical simulation (2)
- Nursing (2)
- Nutrition (2)
- OCT (2)
- Object vision (2)
- Observational (2)
- Obstetrics and gynecology (2)
- Occupational disease (2)
- Olfactory system (2)
- Onkologie (2)
- Operation/Chirurgie (2)
- Ophthalmology (2)
- Opioids (2)
- Opportunistic infections (2)
- Optical phenomena (2)
- Oral immunotherapy (2)
- Oral surgery (2)
- Ordinary least squares (OLS) (2)
- Organ dysfunction (2)
- Organ dysfunctions (2)
- Organ preservation (2)
- Organoids (2)
- Oroantral (2)
- Orthognathic surgery (2)
- Osteoarthritis (2)
- Osteocalcin (2)
- Osteogenic differentiation (2)
- Osteoporotic fractures (2)
- Outcome assessment (2)
- Outcomes research (2)
- Outpatients (2)
- Ovarian cancer (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- OxyELITE Pro (2)
- P2X7 receptor (2)
- PAC-1 (2)
- PAH (2)
- PARP (2)
- PC12 cells (2)
- PD-1 (2)
- PD1/ PDL1 (2)
- PD‑L1 (2)
- PET (2)
- PGE2 (2)
- PINK1 (2)
- PLGA (2)
- PML (2)
- PPARγ (2)
- PRF (2)
- PRNT (2)
- PROTAC (2)
- PTEN (2)
- Pacemaker (2)
- Pain management (2)
- Pain sensation (2)
- Palliative care (2)
- Palliative care [MeSH] (2)
- Parenteral nutrition (2)
- Parkin (2)
- Parkinson (2)
- Parkinson disease (2)
- Particulate matter (2)
- Pathologic complete response (2)
- Pathology (2)
- Patient (2)
- Patient Blood Management (2)
- Patient information (2)
- Patient manikins (2)
- Patient needs (2)
- Patient preference (2)
- Patient*inneninformation (2)
- Patient-centred care (2)
- Patientenbedürfnisse (2)
- Patientenverfügung (2)
- Patterns of care (2)
- Pediatric infections (2)
- Pelargonium sidoides (2)
- Penile cancer (2)
- Pentaglobin (2)
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (2)
- Perikarditis (2)
- Periodontal therapy (2)
- Periodontal treatment (2)
- Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (2)
- Peritonitis (2)
- Permutation (2)
- Persistent wound infections (2)
- Person-Umwelt-Passung (2)
- Person-environment fit (2)
- Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung (2)
- Personalisierte translationale Therapie (2)
- Petri net (2)
- Philadelphia chromosome (2)
- Phospholipids (2)
- Phylogenetic analysis (2)
- Physical environment (2)
- Physics (2)
- Physikalische Medizin (2)
- Physikalische Therapie (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Plasmodium (2)
- Plattenepithelcarcinom (2)
- Plerixafor (2)
- Plk1 inhibitors (2)
- Pneumocystis jirovecii (2)
- Pneumoperitoneum (2)
- Podospora anserina (2)
- Point-of-care testing (2)
- Police (2)
- Positron emission tomography (2)
- Post-mortem interval (2)
- Post-translational modifications (2)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (2)
- Postoperative radiochemotherapy (2)
- Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (2)
- Posture analysis (2)
- Poverty (2)
- Practical skills (2)
- Predictive coding (2)
- Predominant polarity (2)
- Preeclampsia (2)
- Primary cilium (2)
- Prisoners (2)
- Prisons (2)
- Probability density (2)
- Probability distribution (2)
- Procalcitonin (2)
- Professional dance (2)
- Professionalisierung (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Prognosefaktoren (2)
- Prognostic (2)
- Prognostic tool (2)
- Programm (2)
- Prostatic neoplasms (2)
- Proteasome (2)
- Protein biomarkers (2)
- Protein degradation (2)
- Protein synthesis (2)
- Protein translation (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Prädiktive Validität (2)
- Prädiktivfaktoren (2)
- Präkonditionierung (2)
- Prävalenz (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Psychedelics (2)
- Psychoanalyse (2)
- Psychological stress (2)
- Psychopathology (2)
- Psychopharmaka (2)
- Psychotherapie (2)
- Pulmonary veins (2)
- Qualitative research (2)
- Quality indicators (2)
- Qualitätsmanagement (2)
- Quarantine (2)
- Quinine (2)
- RAS (2)
- RBFOX1 (2)
- RDoC (2)
- RIPK3 (2)
- RMS (2)
- RNA binding proteins (2)
- RNA interference (RNAi) (2)
- RNA isolation (2)
- RNA processing (2)
- RNA therapy (2)
- RNA-binding protein (2)
- RNA-binding proteins (2)
- RNA-sequencing (2)
- RNAseq (2)
- ROS1 (2)
- Rab7 (2)
- Radiation (2)
- Radical prostatectomy (2)
- Radiochemotherapy (2)
- Radiologie (2)
- Rainfall (2)
- Random forest (2)
- Randomized controlled trials (2)
- Reanimation (2)
- Recurrence (2)
- Red blood cell transfusion (2)
- Redoxin (2)
- Refractory ALL (2)
- Refugees (2)
- Rehabilitation outcome (2)
- Rehabilitationsergebnis (2)
- Rejection (2)
- Remission (2)
- Remuneration (2)
- Renal system (2)
- Reproducibility (2)
- Rescue medication (2)
- Research architecture (2)
- Respiratory chain (2)
- Respiratory distress syndrome (2)
- Respiratory infections (2)
- Restenosis (2)
- Resting state (2)
- Resting-state (2)
- Retina (2)
- Return to play (2)
- Reward (2)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (2)
- Ribavirin (2)
- Richtlinie (2)
- Risikofaktoren (2)
- Risikokommunikation (2)
- Risk communication (2)
- Risk factor (2)
- Risk stratification (2)
- Rivaroxaban (2)
- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) (2)
- Rural area (2)
- Rückenschmerzen (2)
- S1P lyase (2)
- S1P receptors (2)
- SAMHD1 (2)
- SARS coronavirus (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 monitoring (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 testing (2)
- SARS-CoV‑2 (2)
- SARS‐CoV‐2 (2)
- SCC (2)
- SCCHN (2)
- SD-OCT (2)
- SENP (2)
- SIRS (2)
- SIRT1 (2)
- SMAD (2)
- SOD (2)
- SPM (2)
- SPTAN1 (2)
- STAT1 (2)
- STING (2)
- SUMOylation (2)
- SV2A (2)
- Sarcoidosis (2)
- Sauerstoff (2)
- Scheimpflug imaging (2)
- Schilddrüsenfunktion (2)
- Schilddrüsenknoten (2)
- Schizophrenie (2)
- Schmerztherapie (2)
- Scientists (2)
- Selbstmanagement (2)
- Self-management (2)
- Self-renewal (2)
- Senescence (2)
- Sensitivität (2)
- Sensory processing (2)
- Serin (2)
- Serodiagnose (2)
- Seroprevalence (2)
- Serum (2)
- Sestrin 2 (2)
- Sholl analysis (2)
- Short bowel syndrome (2)
- Shunt (2)
- Simulation and modeling (2)
- Simulation training (2)
- Skills (2)
- Slack (2)
- Smac mimetic (2)
- Small molecules (2)
- Smoking habits (2)
- Snakebite (2)
- Social Media (2)
- Social epidemiology (2)
- Social health determinants (2)
- Social neuroscience (2)
- Social participation (2)
- Social phobia (2)
- Socio-economic analysis (2)
- Socioeconomic status (2)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Sonication (2)
- Sorafenib (2)
- Soziologie (2)
- Specificity (2)
- Speech discrimination (2)
- Speech signal processing (2)
- Spezifität (2)
- Spinal cord (2)
- Spirochetes (2)
- Spiroergometrie (2)
- Sprache (2)
- Sprachverstehen (2)
- Sprechen (2)
- Sprechstörung (2)
- Staff development (2)
- Standard endoscopy (2)
- Standard value (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Stem-cell therapies (2)
- Sterblichkeit (2)
- Stereotaxie (2)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (2)
- Stress (2)
- Striatum (2)
- Stroke unit (2)
- Structural biology (2)
- Structural plasticity (2)
- Study protocol (2)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (2)
- Sudden death (2)
- Suicide pact (2)
- Suizidalität (2)
- Sumatra (2)
- Sunitinib (2)
- Superficial vein thrombosis (2)
- Superoxide (2)
- Supplementation (2)
- Supported decision making (2)
- Supportivtherapie (2)
- Survey (2)
- Survival analysis (2)
- Survivin (2)
- Sweden (2)
- Synaptic transmission (2)
- Synovial sarcoma (2)
- Systemic inflammation (2)
- Systemic therapy (2)
- T-Zellen (2)
- T-cell (2)
- T-cell targeting (2)
- T-cells (2)
- TBSS (2)
- TEP (2)
- TF-complexes (2)
- TGF-β1 (2)
- THR (2)
- TIGAR (2)
- TLR (2)
- TMT (2)
- TRPA1 (2)
- Tailored therapy (2)
- Target validation (2)
- Targeted therapies (2)
- Teeth (2)
- Tenofovir (2)
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (2)
- Thailand (2)
- Theft (2)
- Thromboembolism (2)
- Thrombolysis (2)
- Thrombophilie (2)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2)
- Tick (2)
- Tick-borne diseases (2)
- Tight junctions (2)
- Toll-like receptor (2)
- Tomography (2)
- Tomography (x-ray computed) (2)
- Tomosynthese (2)
- Tooth loss (2)
- Transcription (2)
- Transcription Factors (2)
- Transfusionsmedizin (2)
- Transgender (2)
- Translation (2)
- Transmission (2)
- Transplantatabstoßung (2)
- Transplantation (2)
- Traumatic brain injury (2)
- Traumatic injury (2)
- Treatment position (2)
- Treg cell (2)
- Triglyzeride (2)
- Troponin (2)
- Tuberculosis (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tumor marker (2)
- Tumour immunology (2)
- Tyrosinkinasen (2)
- T‑DM1 (2)
- UGCG (2)
- USA (2)
- Ubiquitin (2)
- Ubiquitylation (2)
- Ulcerative colitis (2)
- Ultrasonography (2)
- Universität Frankfurt am Main (2)
- Universitätskliniken (2)
- Unsterblichkeit (2)
- Unterstützung der Umwelt (2)
- Urethral cancer (2)
- Urology (2)
- Usability (2)
- Uteroglobin (2)
- V4 (2)
- VDR (2)
- VEGF receptors (2)
- VIGALL (2)
- VRE (2)
- VT (2)
- Vaccine (2)
- Vaccine uptake rate (2)
- Validierung (2)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2)
- Vasculitis (2)
- Veins (2)
- Vemurafenib (2)
- Versorgung (2)
- Versorgungsforschung (2)
- Versorgungsstrukturen (2)
- Viral Load (2)
- Viral infection (2)
- Virologie (2)
- Virulence (2)
- Viruslast (2)
- Virussicherheit (2)
- Visual acuity (2)
- Visual cortex (2)
- Visual estimation (2)
- Visual quality (2)
- Vitamin D deficiency (2)
- Vmem (2)
- Volume therapy (2)
- Voxel-based morphometry (2)
- Vulnerability (2)
- Warburg effect (2)
- Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (2)
- Web 2.0 (2)
- Weight loss (2)
- Weiterbildung (2)
- White blood cells (2)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (2)
- Working memory (2)
- Wortschatz (2)
- Wounds (2)
- Wundversorgung (2)
- Yoga (2)
- Zahnmedizin (2)
- Zebrafish (2)
- Zellkultur (2)
- Zentralnervensystem (2)
- Zigarette (2)
- Zika fever (2)
- Zingiber officinale Roscoe (2)
- Zink (2)
- Zoopotentation (2)
- Zooprophylaxis (2)
- ablation (2)
- abuse (2)
- accelerometry (2)
- acetyl-CoA (2)
- active aging (2)
- acute lung injury (2)
- acute myeloid leukaemia (2)
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (2)
- adalimumab (2)
- adaptations to microgravity (2)
- additive manufacturing (2)
- additives (2)
- adenovirus (2)
- adipocytes (2)
- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (2)
- admission test (2)
- adolescence (2)
- adolescent (2)
- adoptive cancer immunotherapy (2)
- adoptive immunotherapy (2)
- adult neurogenesis (2)
- advanced (2)
- advanced care planning (2)
- adverse reaction (2)
- age-related macular degeneration (2)
- ageing (2)
- air flow (2)
- alcoholic liver disease (2)
- algorithm (2)
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2)
- allostery (2)
- alpelisib (2)
- alpha band (2)
- alpha power (2)
- alpha-synuclein (2)
- alzheimer’s disease (2)
- ambulatory assessment (2)
- amino acids (2)
- amphiregulin (2)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2)
- analgesia (2)
- analgesics (2)
- analysis of body composition (2)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (2)
- angiography (2)
- animal experiment (2)
- animal experiments (2)
- ankyrin (2)
- anorexia nervosa (2)
- antibiotic resistance (2)
- antibiotic therapy (2)
- antibody (2)
- antibody test (2)
- anticoagulation (2)
- anticonvulsants (2)
- antiepileptic drug (2)
- antiepileptic drugs (2)
- antifungal therapy (2)
- antigen (2)
- antioxidant (2)
- antiseizure medication (2)
- antisocial behavior (2)
- antiviral drugs (2)
- aortic valve stenosis (2)
- arachidonic acid (2)
- arousal (2)
- arthritis (2)
- assessment (2)
- astrocytoma (2)
- athletes (2)
- attachment loss (2)
- autism (2)
- autoantibodies (2)
- autoimmune diabetes (2)
- autoimmune disease (2)
- autoimmunity (2)
- autopsy (2)
- axon bifurcation (2)
- back pain (2)
- baicalein (2)
- bats (2)
- benchmarking (2)
- betulinic acid (2)
- bibliometric analysis (2)
- bicycle ergometer endurance exercise (2)
- biliary stricture (2)
- bio imaging (2)
- bio-enabling formulations (2)
- bioavailability (2)
- biochemistry (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- bioequivalence (2)
- biofilm (2)
- biologics (2)
- bioluminescence (2)
- biopsy (2)
- biopsy cores (2)
- blended learning (2)
- blood borne infection (2)
- blood flow restriction (2)
- blood pressure (2)
- blood-brain barrier (2)
- bloodborne viruses (2)
- blood–brain barrier (2)
- blutübertragbare Infektionskrankheiten (2)
- body mass index BMI (2)
- body plethysmography (2)
- body weight (2)
- bone healing (2)
- bone marrow microenvironment (2)
- bone marrow mononuclear cells (2)
- bone metabolism (2)
- bone metastasis (2)
- borrelia (2)
- boswellic acids (2)
- brain (2)
- brain networks (2)
- brain states (2)
- brain tumor (2)
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor (2)
- broadly neutralizing antibodies (2)
- bromodomains (2)
- bulimia nervosa (2)
- c-MYC (2)
- cAMP (2)
- cART (2)
- cGKI (2)
- cabozantinib (2)
- calcitriol (2)
- campesterol (2)
- cancer cell metabolism (2)
- cancer therapy (2)
- cancer treatment (2)
- cancer-associated fibroblasts (2)
- cancer-specific mortality (2)
- cancer-specific survival (2)
- cannabis (2)
- capsaicin (2)
- carbapenem resistance (2)
- carbapenemase (2)
- carcinoma (2)
- cardiovascular (2)
- cardiovascular diseases (2)
- case-referent study (2)
- caspase-1 (2)
- cataract surgery (2)
- cell culture (2)
- cell motility (2)
- cells (2)
- central nervous system (2)
- ceramide (2)
- cerebral hemorrhage (2)
- cerebral ischemia (2)
- cerebral protection (2)
- cerebral venous thrombosis (2)
- cerebrovascular disease (2)
- cesarean section (2)
- chemotaxis (2)
- chemotherapy resistance (2)
- chest trauma (2)
- childhood (2)
- childhood acute myeloid leukemia (2)
- childhood cancer (2)
- children and adolescents (2)
- cholangiocarcinoma (2)
- cholestanol (2)
- cholesterol absorption (2)
- cholesterol synthesis (2)
- chromatin (2)
- chronic granulomatous disease (2)
- chronic hepatitis C (2)
- chronic infection (2)
- chronic inflammation (2)
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (2)
- chronic wounds (2)
- chronische Wunden (2)
- chronobiology (2)
- cigarette (2)
- circadian rhythm (2)
- circadian rhythms (2)
- circular RNA (2)
- cisplatin resistance (2)
- citation (2)
- citrate (2)
- cleaning (2)
- clinical immunology (2)
- clinical isolates (2)
- clinical studies (2)
- clinically important restrictions and symptoms (2)
- clock genes (2)
- clonal dominance (2)
- clonal hematopoiesis (2)
- coagulopathy (2)
- colon carcinoma cells (2)
- colorectal cancer (CRC) (2)
- colorectal carcinoma (2)
- combination therapies (2)
- communication (2)
- complementary and alternative medicine (2)
- complementary medicine (2)
- complex systems (2)
- compliance (2)
- computational modeling (2)
- computer-assisted (2)
- concordance (2)
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2)
- consensus (2)
- constipation (2)
- contemporary (2)
- convulsive seizures (2)
- coping (2)
- corneal edema (2)
- corneal transplantation (2)
- corona virus (2)
- coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2)
- coronary artery disease (2)
- corpus callosum (2)
- cost-effective (2)
- counseling (2)
- criticality (2)
- cryoballoon (2)
- cryopreservation (2)
- cyclooxygenase (2)
- cyclosporin A (2)
- cyclosporine (2)
- cytochrome P450 2E1 (2)
- cytokine (2)
- cytotoxic T cells (2)
- dabrafenib (2)
- dance (2)
- data quality (2)
- deafness (2)
- decompensated liver cirrhosis (2)
- dedifferentiation (2)
- delay (2)
- delirium (2)
- dental assistant (2)
- dental assistants (2)
- dentists (2)
- dentoalveolar surgery (2)
- desensitization (2)
- dialysis (2)
- dietary supplements (2)
- dihydroceramide (2)
- disease burden (2)
- disease models (2)
- disease progression (2)
- dislocation (2)
- distress (2)
- docetaxel (2)
- dorsal root ganglia (2)
- doxycycline (2)
- drug-induced liver injury (2)
- drugs (2)
- dual task (2)
- dysphagia (2)
- e-Learning (2)
- eLearning (2)
- eating disorders (2)
- economic burden (2)
- economy (2)
- eicosanoids (2)
- elderly patients (2)
- electrocardiography (2)
- electron transport chain (2)
- emergency care (2)
- endodontic curriculum (2)
- endodontic education (2)
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2)
- endothelial (2)
- endothelial cell (2)
- endothelium (2)
- endovascular treatment (2)
- entorhinal cortex lesion (2)
- ephrinB2 (2)
- epidemics (2)
- epidermal growth factor (2)
- epidermis (2)
- epileptic encephalopathy (2)
- epileptogenesis (2)
- epithelial cells (2)
- epithelial to mesenchymal transition (2)
- erastin (2)
- erectile dysfunction (2)
- erythrocyte (2)
- erythropoietin (2)
- esophageal cancer (2)
- euthymic (2)
- event-related potentials (2)
- exercise countermeasure (2)
- expertise (2)
- extraversion (2)
- eye movements (2)
- factor H (2)
- fall (2)
- farnesoid X receptor (2)
- fasting (2)
- fat-free-mass (2)
- feasibility (2)
- fecal occult blood test (2)
- female subjects (2)
- femoral artery ligation (2)
- ferric carboxymaltose (2)
- ferroptosis (2)
- fibrinolysis (2)
- focal therapy (2)
- follow‑up (2)
- fortgeschritten (2)
- fracture (2)
- fragment screening (2)
- frankincense (2)
- frontal cortex (2)
- functional genetics (2)
- functional genomics (2)
- fungi (2)
- funktionelle Bildgebung (2)
- furcation involvement class III (2)
- fusion biopsy (2)
- fäkaler okkulter Stuhltest (2)
- gait analysis (2)
- galactography (2)
- galactomosynthesis (2)
- gallbladder cancer (2)
- gallbladder cancer xenografts (2)
- gaming disorder (2)
- gamma oscillations (2)
- gangliosides (2)
- gene signature (2)
- genes (2)
- genetic diversity (2)
- genetic markers (2)
- genetic predisposition (2)
- genetic variants (2)
- genome (2)
- glecaprevir (2)
- glucose metabolism (2)
- growth factor (2)
- guidebook (2)
- guided bone regeneration (2)
- haemophilia (2)
- haemophilia A (2)
- head and neck neoplasms (2)
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2)
- health care (2)
- health information exchange (2)
- health services research (2)
- healthcare personnel (2)
- healthcare workers (2)
- hearing loss (2)
- hedgehog signaling (2)
- hemodynamic (2)
- hemorrhagic transformation (2)
- hepatic encephalopathy (2)
- hepatitis B virus (2)
- hepatotoxicity (2)
- herbal hepatotoxicity (2)
- herpes zoster (2)
- high density lipoproteins HDL (2)
- high-throughput sequencing (2)
- hip (2)
- hippocampal sclerosis (2)
- histamine (2)
- histological validation (2)
- histone deacetylase (2)
- histone deacetylase inhibitor (2)
- homeostatic plasticity (2)
- hormones (2)
- human biology and medicine (2)
- human cytomegalovirus (2)
- human genomics (2)
- human immunodeficiency virus (2)
- human space flight (2)
- humans (2)
- hyperalgesia (2)
- hyperhomocysteinemia (2)
- hypertension (2)
- hypertrophy (2)
- iCBT (2)
- iDILI (2)
- iPS (2)
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2)
- immune therapy (2)
- immunocytochemistry (2)
- in vitro model (2)
- in-cabin exposure (2)
- induced membrane (2)
- induction chemotherapy (2)
- infants (2)
- infections (2)
- infectious disease (2)
- infectivity (2)
- infiltration (2)
- influenza vaccination (2)
- inhibitor (2)
- inhibitors (2)
- injury (2)
- inner ear (2)
- insulin (2)
- integrate-and-fire (2)
- integrated stress response (2)
- integration (2)
- integrative medicine (2)
- interferon (2)
- interferon gamma (2)
- interleukin-18 (2)
- interleukin-4 (2)
- intermediate risk (2)
- international (2)
- internet (2)
- intervention trial (2)
- intracranial hemorrhage (2)
- irritable bowel syndrome (2)
- isolation (2)
- job-exposure matrix (2)
- joint contact forces (2)
- keratinized mucosa (2)
- kidney cancer (2)
- kidney function (2)
- kinase inhibitor (2)
- kinase regulation (2)
- kinematic analysis (2)
- kinematics (2)
- kinesin (2)
- klinischer Nutzen (2)
- knowledge discovery (2)
- laboratory testing (2)
- language (2)
- lapatinib (2)
- lathosterol (2)
- layer-specificity (2)
- learning (2)
- leisure time activity (2)
- lenalidomide (2)
- leukodystrophy (2)
- leukopenia (2)
- leukotriene (2)
- lifestyle intervention (2)
- lipolysis (2)
- lipoproteins (2)
- liposomes (2)
- liver damage (2)
- liver disease (2)
- liver metastases (2)
- local control (2)
- local fat reduction (2)
- local information dynamics (2)
- localized prostate cancer (2)
- lokale Fettabnahme (2)
- long-term outcome (2)
- long-term potentiation (2)
- long-term success (2)
- long-term survival (2)
- long-term tooth survival (2)
- longevity (2)
- loss (2)
- low density lipoproteins LDL (2)
- low molecular weight heparin (2)
- low-glycaemic meal replacement (2)
- lung development (2)
- lymph node dissection (2)
- lymphocytes (2)
- lysosomes (2)
- mHealth (2)
- mRNA stability (2)
- mTOR inhibitor (2)
- major depression (2)
- malaria (2)
- malignancy (2)
- malignant melanoma (2)
- mammary carcinoma (2)
- mandatory reporting (2)
- marginal bone loss (2)
- mast cells (2)
- mathematical models of viral RNA cycle (2)
- matrix (2)
- medical studies (2)
- medication review (2)
- medulloblastoma (2)
- melatonin (2)
- memantine (2)
- memory consolidation (2)
- mental health (2)
- mesenchymal stromal cell (2)
- metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (2)
- methylprednisolone (2)
- miR (2)
- miR-122 (2)
- miR-181 (2)
- miR-21 (2)
- microdosing (2)
- microenvironment (2)
- microscopy (2)
- microsurgery (2)
- microvesicles (2)
- mindfulness (2)
- minimalinvasive Biopsie (2)
- minimally invasive biopsies (2)
- mitophagy (2)
- mobile air quality study (2)
- modularity (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular marker (2)
- molecular mimicry (2)
- molecular typing (2)
- monitoring (2)
- morphogenesis (2)
- morphometry (2)
- motor control (2)
- mouse models (2)
- mucormycetes (2)
- multicentre study (2)
- multidetector computed tomography (2)
- multinucleated giant cells (2)
- multiple trauma (2)
- muscle quality (2)
- musculoskeletal modeling (2)
- mutation (2)
- myelin (2)
- myelodysplastic syndrome (2)
- myocardial infarction (2)
- natural scenes (2)
- ncRNA (2)
- needlestick injury (2)
- neoadjuvante Chemotherapie (2)
- neoadjuvante Therapie (2)
- neocortical circuits (2)
- nephropathy (2)
- nerve injury (2)
- network analysis (2)
- network topology (2)
- neurobiology (2)
- neurocognitive (2)
- neurodegenerative diseases (2)
- neuroendocrine (2)
- neurogenesis (2)
- neuroinflammation (2)
- neuroinformatics (2)
- neuron (2)
- neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2)
- neuronal populations (2)
- neurooncology (2)
- neuroprotection (2)
- neurosurgery (2)
- neuroticism (2)
- neutropenia (2)
- neutrophils (2)
- next generation sequencing (2)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (2)
- niche (2)
- nivolumab (2)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2)
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2)
- non-small cell lung cancer (2)
- non-small-cell lung cancer (2)
- non-structural proteins (2)
- nuclear receptor (2)
- nursery schools (2)
- nutlin-3 (2)
- occupational exposure (2)
- occupational health (2)
- olfaction (2)
- oligomerisation (2)
- omega-3 fatty acids (2)
- oncogene (2)
- oncogenes (2)
- oncomodulation (2)
- oral and maxillofacial surgery (2)
- osteogenesis (2)
- other-cause mortality (2)
- out-patient paediatrics (2)
- oxygen (2)
- p16 (2)
- pH (2)
- paclitaxel (2)
- pain management (2)
- paired associative stimulation (2)
- palatal tremor (2)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2)
- partial information decomposition (2)
- particle size distribution (2)
- passive smoke (2)
- pathology (2)
- patient (2)
- patient centered care (2)
- patient preferences (2)
- patient triage (2)
- patient-reported outcomes (2)
- pediatric surgery (2)
- pelvic packing (2)
- penile cancer (2)
- peptide aptamer (PA) (2)
- peri-implant diseases (2)
- pericytes (2)
- periodontal diseases (2)
- periodontitis stage III and IV (2)
- peri‐implantitis (2)
- personalized oncology (2)
- pertussis (2)
- phagocytes (2)
- pharmacoresistance (2)
- pharmacovigilance (2)
- phase separation (2)
- phenotype (2)
- phosphate (2)
- photoaging (2)
- photodynamic therapy (2)
- physical training (2)
- pibrentasvir (2)
- polo-like kinase 1 (2)
- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (2)
- polygenic risk score (2)
- polymerase chain reaction (2)
- polymorphism (2)
- polyphenols (2)
- population dynamics (2)
- post-transcriptional regulation (2)
- post-translational modifications (2)
- preclinical (2)
- prediction (2)
- predictive (2)
- predictive factors (2)
- preterm birth (2)
- primary biliary cholangitis (2)
- primary motor cortex (2)
- prior knowledge (2)
- process evaluation (2)
- prognostic (2)
- prognostic value (2)
- progranulin (2)
- prostaglandin E (2)
- prostate carcinoma cells (2)
- proteasome inhibitor (2)
- protein kinase (2)
- protein phosphorylation (2)
- protein turnover (2)
- protein-rich (2)
- proteolysis (2)
- proteolysis systems (2)
- proto-oncogene proteins c-akt (2)
- proximal tubule (2)
- psychiatric comorbidity (2)
- psychiatric disorders (2)
- psychiatry (2)
- psychosis (2)
- pulmonary embolism (2)
- pulmonary vein isolation (2)
- pulse wave velocity (2)
- qRT-PCR (2)
- quality (2)
- quality control (2)
- quality management (2)
- quantum biology (2)
- race (2)
- radical cystectomy (2)
- radioimmunotherapy (2)
- randomised controlled study (2)
- randomisierte kontrollierte Studie (2)
- randomized (2)
- randomized controlled trial (2)
- rare disease (2)
- rare diseases (2)
- rat model (2)
- re-osseointegration (2)
- real-world (2)
- real-world data (2)
- recommendations (2)
- reference values (2)
- refractory (2)
- refugees (2)
- regenerative medicine (2)
- regulatory T cell (2)
- renal failure (2)
- renal tubular epithelial cells (2)
- research (2)
- residual myometrial thickness (2)
- resistance training (2)
- resistant cell lines (2)
- resolution of inflammation (2)
- respiratory chain (2)
- respiratory failure (2)
- respiratory infections (2)
- respiratory tract infection (2)
- response inhibition (2)
- resting-state (2)
- review (2)
- revision surgery (2)
- rhodopsin (2)
- ribavirin (2)
- risk assessment (2)
- risk group (2)
- risk management (2)
- risk prediction (2)
- robotics (2)
- running (2)
- saliva (2)
- salvage radical prostatectomy (2)
- sarcoma (2)
- scaffold (2)
- school-based prevention (2)
- scientometry (2)
- second-hand smoke (2)
- second-line (2)
- secondary data analysis (2)
- secretion (2)
- secukinumab (2)
- selection (2)
- sensory neurons (2)
- sensory neuropathy (2)
- serine protease (NS3-4A) (2)
- serology (2)
- shunt (2)
- siRNA (2)
- signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) (2)
- signature (2)
- single-sided deafness (2)
- sitosterol (2)
- skin (2)
- skin infection model (2)
- sleep quality (2)
- smoking cessation (2)
- smooth muscle cells (2)
- soft tissue (2)
- soluble MICA (2)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (2)
- somatic mutations (2)
- sound-induced flash illusion (2)
- space adaptations (2)
- spectroscopy (2)
- speech (2)
- speech and language disorder (2)
- speech perception (2)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (2)
- spiking neural networks (2)
- spinal dural leaks (2)
- spine head (2)
- sports nutrition (2)
- spreadsheet (2)
- stability (2)
- stage (2)
- standard value (2)
- standardization (2)
- starvation (2)
- stationarity (2)
- steatosis (2)
- stem cell therapy (2)
- stem cells (2)
- stereotactic radiosurgery (2)
- stimulus encoding (2)
- stress granules (2)
- structural biology (2)
- studies (2)
- study protocol (2)
- sub-lineage (2)
- subchondral bone (2)
- suicide (2)
- superficial siderosis (2)
- supersaturation (2)
- supplementation (2)
- supportive therapy (2)
- survival rate (2)
- survivin (2)
- sympathetic nervous system (2)
- symptoms (2)
- synapse (2)
- synaptopodin (2)
- synchronization (2)
- synovium (2)
- tDCS (2)
- telemedicine (2)
- temsirolimus (2)
- terminology (2)
- test methods (2)
- testing (2)
- testosterone (2)
- tetracycline (2)
- tetrahydrobiopterin (2)
- tetrahydrocannabinol (2)
- tetrapolar bioimpedance analysis (2)
- tetrapolare Bioimpedanzanalyse (2)
- therapy resistance (2)
- thromboembolism (2)
- thrombophilia (2)
- thromboxane (2)
- time-lapse imaging (2)
- tissue Doppler imaging (2)
- tobacco (2)
- tobacco smoke (2)
- tolerability (2)
- tolerance (2)
- tomosynthesis (2)
- tooth transplantation (2)
- total hip replacement (2)
- tracking (2)
- traffic emissions (2)
- training program (2)
- transcription factors (2)
- transcriptomics (2)
- transforming growth factor-β (2)
- transgenic mice (2)
- translation (2)
- trastuzumab (2)
- treatment outcome (2)
- treatment preference (2)
- treatment/therapy (2)
- triple-negative breast cancer (2)
- trophoblast (2)
- trophoblasts (2)
- tuberous sclerosis complex (2)
- tumor (2)
- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (2)
- tumor necrosis factor (2)
- tumor stroma (2)
- tumor suppressor (2)
- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (2)
- type 2 diabetes (2)
- undergraduate medical education (2)
- unilateral hip osteoarthritis (2)
- unsupervised learning (2)
- upgrading (2)
- urethral stricture (2)
- urethroplasty (2)
- urinary incontinence (2)
- urological cancer (2)
- ursodeoxycholic acid (2)
- ustekinumab (2)
- uteroglobin (2)
- vaccination rates (2)
- vaccine uptake rates (2)
- validation (2)
- vascular biology (2)
- vascular disease (2)
- vasodilation (2)
- venous thrombosis (2)
- ventral striatum (2)
- vergence (2)
- vertebroplasty (2)
- very high risk (2)
- virology (2)
- virulence factor (2)
- viruses (2)
- vision (2)
- visual system (2)
- vitamin B deficiency (2)
- von Willebrand disease (2)
- wIRA (2)
- waiting time (2)
- warts (2)
- weight loss (2)
- white matter hyperintensity (2)
- within-host viral modelling (2)
- women (2)
- workflow (2)
- xenograft (2)
- yeast (2)
- yellow flags (2)
- zebrafish (2)
- Ärztliche Aufklärung (2)
- Ökonomie (2)
- Übergewicht (2)
- 创伤后应激障碍 (2)
- "NS"-Euthanasie (1)
- "alternative" technology (1)
- "conventional" analysis technics (1)
- (cardiac) surgery (1)
- (lyso)phospholipids (1)
- (novel) brominated flame retardants ((N)BFR) (1)
- (sub-) luxation (1)
- 1,2-dichloroethane (1)
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1)
- 1-propanol (1)
- 10-Hydroxyaloins A/B (1)
- 11q23/MLL rearrangements (1)
- 11th September (1)
- 14-3-3 gene family (1)
- 15-PGDH (1)
- 15. Jahrhundert (1)
- 16 segment AHA model (1)
- 16S rRNA sequencing (1)
- 16p11.2 (1)
- 177Lu-PSMA (1)
- 17‐OH itraconazole (1)
- 18-Hydroxycorticosteron (1)
- 18-OH corticosterone (1)
- 19F MR spectroscopy (1)
- 1H MR spectroscopy (1)
- 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1)
- 2'-deoxyguanosine riboswitch (1)
- 2-AG (1)
- 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (1)
- 2-deoxy-d-glucose (1)
- 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) (1)
- 2-hydroxyglutarate (1)
- 2019-nCoV (1)
- 223Radium-dichloride (1)
- 26 LncRNA (1)
- 2D NMR spectroscopy (1)
- 2‑methoxyestradiol (1)
- 2′,3′-cGAMP (1)
- 2′-O-methylation (1)
- 3 mm RAS instruments (1)
- 3 mm instruments (1)
- 3,4-DCA; biotransformation (1)
- 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (1)
- 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine (1)
- 3-year survival (1)
- 32D progenitor cells (1)
- 3C protease(3Cpro) (1)
- 3Cs technology (1)
- 3D cell culture (1)
- 3D culture (1)
- 3D gait analysis (1)
- 3D image analysis (1)
- 3D laparoscopy (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 3D printed cell-free scaffold (1)
- 3D printing using composite resin (1)
- 3D printing using zirconia (1)
- 3D spatiotemporal resolved mathematical models (1)
- 3D tissue models (1)
- 3D-Druck (1)
- 3D-models (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts (1)
- 3years (1)
- 4-1BB (1)
- 4-FA (1)
- 4-fluoroamphetamine (1)
- 5 lipoxygenase (1)
- 5' UTR (1)
- 5-Aminolävulinsäure (5-ALA) (1)
- 5-Lipoxygenase (1)
- 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) (1)
- 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 6-Schritt-Methode (1)
- 8 weeks (1)
- 9-HODE (1)
- 90% or more improvement in baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (1)
- 98/79/EC (1)
- 99mTc-MIBI (1)
- 99mTc-pertechnetate (1)
- A-FFIP (1)
- A-PRF+ (1)
- A2BP1 (1)
- A375 human melanoma cell line (1)
- A375 human melanoma cells (1)
- A498 cells (1)
- A549 (1)
- AA-amylodosis (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAA+ disaggregase (1)
- AABR (1)
- AB-serum (1)
- ABC transporter (1)
- ABC transporters (1)
- ABCB5 (1)
- ABS (1)
- ABT-737 (1)
- ACAD (1)
- ACE inhibitor (1)
- ACE-Bestimmung (1)
- ACE-inhibitor (1)
- ACI-Rat (1)
- ACI-Ratte (1)
- ACKR (1)
- ACT-777991 (1)
- ACTH (1)
- ACURATE neo (1)
- ADAM-17 (1)
- ADAM10 (1)
- ADAMTS-13 (1)
- ADAMTS13 (1)
- ADAR (1)
- ADC (1)
- ADC-Karte (1)
- ADC-Map (1)
- ADCC (1)
- ADGRE1 (1)
- ADHD differential diagnosis (1)
- AEC syndrome (1)
- AF4–MLL (1)
- AFS (1)
- AGC kinase (1)
- AGMO (1)
- AICAR (1)
- AIH immunopathogenesis (1)
- AIS (1)
- AKT signaling (1)
- AKT-mTOR pathway (1)
- ALD (1)
- ALDH2 (1)
- ALF (1)
- ALK gene (1)
- ALK-rearranged NSCLC (1)
- ALLO (1)
- AMD3100 (1)
- AML – acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- AMP-activated kinase (1)
- AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) (1)
- AO-PCCF (1)
- AOSpine (1)
- AOSpine injury score (1)
- API (1)
- APM (1)
- APMPPE - acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (1)
- APP (1)
- APRI (1)
- APS (1)
- APT-CEST (1)
- ARA (1)
- ARID5B (1)
- ASA (1)
- ASA-Klassifikation (1)
- ASA404 (1)
- ASAP (1)
- ASC (1)
- ASCT (1)
- ASD-specific (1)
- ASO (1)
- ASPECTS (1)
- AT-101 (1)
- AT1 receptor antagonist (1)
- ATAD2 (1)
- ATG3 (1)
- ATO (1)
- ATP binding (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATPases (1)
- ATXN2 (1)
- AU-rich element (1)
- AVM hemorrhage (1)
- AZD7762 (1)
- Aachen <2012> (1)
- Abatacept (1)
- Abdominal infections (1)
- Abdominal surgery (1)
- Abdominal trauma (1)
- Abductor pollicis longus (1)
- Abiraterone acetate (1)
- Abl kinase inhibitors (1)
- Ablation (1)
- Ablation Techniques (1)
- Abnahme einer Hypersekretion (1)
- Abnahme vermehrter Speichelbildung (1)
- Abnahme von Schleimbildung (1)
- Abrasion (1)
- Abruf (1)
- Absenteeism (1)
- Absolute quantification (1)
- Absorption modeling (1)
- Abstrich <Medizin> (1)
- Abstrichisolate (1)
- Abtötung (1)
- Abtötungskinetik (1)
- Abusive head trauma (AHT) (1)
- Abweichungen (1)
- Academic health centres (1)
- Academics (1)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Accessibility (1)
- Accessory olfactory system (1)
- Access® immunoassay system (1)
- Access®-Immunoassaysystem (1)
- Accident (1)
- Accidents (1)
- Accumulated degree days (1)
- Acellular dermis (1)
- Acenocoumarol (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acetabulumdefekt (1)
- Acetylsalicylsäure (1)
- Achtundsechzig (1)
- Achtundsechziger (1)
- Acid ceramiase (1)
- Acide gamma-aminobutyrique (1)
- Acidic Dissociation (1)
- Acoustic signals (1)
- Acquired drug resistance (1)
- Acquired resistance (1)
- Acrylamid (1)
- Actaea cimicifuga (1)
- Actin (1)
- Actinomycin D (1)
- Action Plan for Medication Safety (1)
- Action potential (1)
- Activated partial thromboplastin time (1)
- Active middle ear implants (1)
- Activin (1)
- Activity control (1)
- Acupuncture (1)
- Acute (1)
- Acute HIV infection (1)
- Acute Hemiparesis (1)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1)
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1)
- Acute appendicitis (1)
- Acute bronchitis (1)
- Acute calcolous cholecystitis (1)
- Acute coronary syndrome (1)
- Acute cough (1)
- Acute elbow dislocation (1)
- Acute heart failure (1)
- Acute hospital (1)
- Acute injuries (1)
- Acute kidney failure (1)
- Acute leukemia, chromosomal translocation, MLL, KMT2A, AF4-MLL, reciprocal fusion protein, MLL-r leukemia, (1)
- Acute renal failure (1)
- Acute respiratory distress syndrom (1)
- Acute-on-chronic subdural hematoma (1)
- Adaptationsfähigkeit (1)
- Adaptive immunity (1)
- Adaptive process control (1)
- Adeno associated virus (1)
- Adeno-associated virus vector (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adenosine A1 receptor (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Aderlass (1)
- Adhesins (1)
- Adhesion Factor (1)
- Adhärenz (1)
- Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Adipositas Chirurgie (1)
- Adiposity (1)
- Adjustment of dosage at steady state (1)
- Adjuvant procedure (1)
- Adjuvant therapies (1)
- Adjuvante Therapie (1)
- Adjuvantes Verfahren (1)
- Administrative claims data (1)
- Adoptive Immuntherapie (1)
- Adrenal crisis (1)
- Adrenale Krise (1)
- Adrenalektomie (1)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (1)
- Adrenokortikotropes Hormon (1)
- Adult (1)
- Adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Adult-onset ADHD (1)
- Advanced biliary tract cancer (1)
- Advanced breast cancer (1)
- Advanced glycation endproducts (1)
- Advanced stage (1)
- Adverse effects (1)
- Aedes aegypti (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Aerobic exercise training (1)
- Aeroplysinin-1 (1)
- Aerosolspektrometrie (1)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Affect (1)
- Affective Misattribution Procedure (1)
- Affective disorders (1)
- Afrikanische Schlafkrankheit (1)
- Ag-RDT (1)
- Aganglionosis (1)
- Agardiffusion (1)
- Age determination (1)
- Age determination by skeleton (1)
- Age-structure (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aggressive periodontitis (1)
- Agitation (1)
- Agoraphobia (1)
- Agreement (1)
- Aikido (1)
- Air traffic (1)
- Airport-related emissions (1)
- Airways (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Akt-mTOR pathway (1)
- Akt-mTOR signaling (1)
- Aktive Zone (1)
- Aktivierte partielle Thromboplastinzeit (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Akupressur (1)
- Akupunktur (1)
- Akute (1)
- Akute Leukämie (1)
- Akute Lymphatische Leukämie (1)
- Akute Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- Akute Nierenschädigung (1)
- Akute Verletzungen (1)
- Akute lymphoblastische Leukämie (1)
- Akutes Koronarsyndrom (1)
- Akutmedizin (1)
- Akzelerationszeit (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Albumin ratio (1)
- Alignment <Biochemie> (1)
- Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (1)
- Alisertib (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Alkalische Phosphatase (1)
- Alkaloid (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Alkoholiker (1)
- Alkoholismus (1)
- Alkoholmissbrauch (1)
- All oral (1)
- All-oral therapy (1)
- All-trans retinoic acid (1)
- Allergen (1)
- Allergen immunotherapy (1)
- Allergen-Testung (1)
- Allergenprovokation (1)
- Allergic rhinitis (1)
- Allergische Rhinitis (1)
- Allergisches Asthma (1)
- Allergoid (1)
- Allgemeinmedizin Forschung (1)
- Allogeneic (1)
- Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) (1)
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem (1)
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (1)
- Allograft bone block (1)
- Allokation der Ressourcen (1)
- Allopregnanolon (1)
- Alpha oscillations (1)
- Alpha power (1)
- Alpha rhythm (1)
- Alpha-V integrin (1)
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (1)
- Alpha-synuclein deficiency (1)
- Alphavirus (1)
- Alte Medizin (1)
- Altenheim (1)
- Altern (1)
- Alternative oxidase (1)
- Alternative splicing (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Altitude training (1)
- Alveolar macrophages (1)
- Alveolar ridge augmentation (1)
- Alzheimer’s dementia (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambroxol (1)
- Ambulante Pflege (1)
- Ambulatory Assessment (1)
- Ameloblastoma (1)
- American Football (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminosäuremetabolismus (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Aminotransferases (1)
- Amiodaron (1)
- Amisulpride (1)
- Amitriptyline (1)
- Amizon (1)
- Amniotic fluid (1)
- Amphetamine (1)
- Amsterdam-Kriterien (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Amyloid precursor protein (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Amyloid-beta 42 (1)
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- Anabolism (1)
- Anaesthesia (1)
- Anahuasca (1)
- Anakinra (1)
- Analkarzinom (1)
- Analschleimhautabstrich (1)
- Analysis tool (1)
- Anaplastic astrocytoma (1)
- Anatomic competence (1)
- Anatomie (1)
- Anatomie und Histologie (1)
- Andersen-Tawil syndrome (1)
- Anderson–Fabry (1)
- Andexanet alpha (1)
- Andropogon virginicus (1)
- Anemia management (1)
- Anerkennung (1)
- Anesthesia, Intravenous (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- Aneurysms (1)
- Anfall (1)
- Anfallsserie (1)
- Anfallsunterbrechende (1)
- Anfallsunterbrechende Medikamente (1)
- Angeborene Fehlbildungen (1)
- Angiectasia (1)
- Angiodysplasia (1)
- Angioedema (1)
- Angiogenèse (1)
- Angiomyolipoma (1)
- Angioplasty (1)
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (1)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (1)
- Angststörungen (1)
- Animal disease models (1)
- Animal experiment (1)
- Animal wings (1)
- Aniridia (1)
- Anisakidae, Pseudoterranova decipiens Komplex, Transkriptom, Verbreitung, Zoonose (1)
- Anisotrope Diffusion (1)
- Ankle arthrometer (1)
- Ankylosierende Spondylitis (1)
- Ankylosing spondylitis (1)
- Anomalie <Medizin> (1)
- Anomalous venous atrial connections (1)
- Anopheles (1)
- Anorexia Nervosa (1)
- Anosmia (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antagonist (1)
- Antarctic parasites (1)
- Anterior cingulate cortex (1)
- Anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1)
- Anthranoids (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Anti platelet therapy (1)
- Anti-CMV IgG (1)
- Anti-Cardiolipin-Antikörper (1)
- Anti-Müller-Hormon (1)
- Anti-Phospholipid-Syndrom (1)
- Anti-TNF (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Anti-rheumatic agents (1)
- Anti-tumor immunity (1)
- Anti-viral activity (1)
- Antiangiogenesis (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antibiotic generic drugs (1)
- Antibiotic steward-ship (1)
- Antibiotic stewardship (1)
- Antibiotic therapy (1)
- Antibiotika (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Antibody avidity (1)
- Antibody detection (1)
- Antibody isotypes (1)
- Antibody therapy (1)
- Antibody-mediated rejection (1)
- Anticancer therapy (1)
- Anticholinergic (1)
- Anticoagulant (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Anticoagulants [MeSH] (1)
- Anticonvulsant (1)
- Anticonvulsant activity (1)
- Antidepressant (1)
- Antidepressiva (1)
- Antiepileptica (1)
- Antifungal agents (1)
- Antigen (1)
- Antigen CD62 (1)
- Antigen processing and presentation (1)
- Antigen- und Nukleinsäurenachweis (1)
- Antigen-presenting cells (1)
- Antigene Virale/Immunologie (1)
- Antigennachweis (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antigens,Viral/immunology (1)
- Antigens/Peptides/Epitopes (1)
- Antihormone therapy (1)
- Antike (1)
- Antikörpernachweis (1)
- Antineoplastic agents (1)
- Antioxidant (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Antiplatelet therapy (1)
- Antiproliferative (1)
- Antireflux surgery (1)
- Antirheumatic agents (1)
- Antiseizure medication (1)
- Antiseizure medication Instructions for action (1)
- Antisense-Oligonucleotide (1)
- Antithrombotic therapy (1)
- Antivenom (1)
- Antiviral agents (1)
- Antiviral immune response (1)
- Antiviral response (1)
- Antiviral treatment (1)
- Antivirale Therapie (1)
- Anwendbarkeit (1)
- Anxiolytic pharmacological therapy (1)
- Anzapfsyndrom (1)
- Aortendissektion (1)
- Aortic Valve Replacement (1)
- Aortic aneurysm (1)
- Aortic arch replacement (1)
- Aortic debranching (1)
- Aortic input function (1)
- Aortic stiffness (1)
- Aortic valve sparing (1)
- Aperiodic (1)
- Apes (1)
- Aphakia (1)
- Aphantasia (1)
- Aphasia (1)
- Aphasie (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Apoptotic cell death (1)
- Appendicitis (1)
- Appendizitis (1)
- Aquaporins (1)
- Aquilegia (1)
- Ara h2-specific IgE (1)
- Arabin pessary (1)
- Arabin-Pessar (1)
- Arachidonic acid cascade (1)
- Arbeit (1)
- Arbeitsbedingt erworbene Infektion (1)
- Arbeitsbedingungen (1)
- Arbeitsflexibilisierung (1)
- Arbeitsmedizin (1)
- Arbeitsplatzkonflikt (1)
- Arboviruses (1)
- Arc protein (1)
- ArchT (1)
- Archaeology (1)
- Archery (1)
- Architektur (1)
- Arcuate fascicle (1)
- Area deprivation (1)
- Argatroban (1)
- Arms (1)
- Aromatase Inhibitors (1)
- Aromatase inhibitors (1)
- Arrhythmia syndromes (1)
- Arrhythmia/all (1)
- Arrow (1)
- Artemether-lumefantrine (1)
- Artemisinin-combination-therapy (1)
- Arteria ophthalmica (1)
- Arterielle Thrombose (1)
- Arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (1)
- Arteriogenesis (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (1)
- Arteriovenous malformation (1)
- Artesunate (1)
- Arthrodese (1)
- Arthroscopy (1)
- Arthroskopischer Bankart-Repair (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial feeding bioassays (1)
- Artificial iris (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Arznei- und Heilmittelrichtlinie (1)
- Arzneimitteldesign (1)
- Arzneimittelrecht (1)
- Arzt (1)
- Arzt-Patient-Beziehung (1)
- Asparaginase (1)
- Aspergillosis (1)
- Aspergillus species (1)
- Aspirin (1)
- Assay variation (1)
- Assessment of care (1)
- Asthma and allergic disorders (1)
- Asthmadiagnostik (1)
- Astrocytoma (1)
- Astrocytoma grades (1)
- Astrozyt (1)
- Astrozyten (1)
- Ataxia score (1)
- Atazanavir (1)
- Atemtest (1)
- Atención centrada en el paciente (1)
- Athena SWAN (1)
- Atherosklerose (1)
- Athlete (1)
- Athletes (1)
- Atm (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Atomoxetine (1)
- Atrial Fibrillation (1)
- Atrial appendage occlusion (1)
- Atrial fibrillation classification (1)
- Atrial function (1)
- Attack (1)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (1)
- Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attentional bias (1)
- Attentional set (1)
- Attrition (1)
- Atxn2 (1)
- Audio equipment (1)
- Audiologie (1)
- Audiology (1)
- Audition (1)
- Auditory (1)
- Auditory cortex (1)
- Auditory midbrain (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufmerksamkeits-und-hyperaktivitätsstörung (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsleistung (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Augenarzt (1)
- Augenchirurgie (1)
- Augenerkrankungen (1)
- Augenverletzungen (1)
- Auric nanoparticles (1)
- Aurora (1)
- Aurora Ax (1)
- Aurora kinase inhibitor (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Ausdauertraining (1)
- Australia (1)
- Authoritarianism (1)
- Autism Spectrum disorder (1)
- Autism spectrum disorders (1)
- Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (1)
- Autistic Behavior (1)
- Autistic disorder (1)
- Auto transfusion (1)
- Autobiografie (1)
- Autobiography (1)
- Autogenous bone block (1)
- Autoimmun (1)
- Autoimmune Disease (1)
- Autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1)
- Autoimmune response (1)
- Autoimmune vasculopathy (1)
- Autoimmunität (1)
- Autologous stem cell transplantation (1)
- Automated Tube Potential Selection (1)
- Automatic Environmental Tobacco Smoke Emitter (1)
- Automatic prediction (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automatisation (1)
- Autonomes Nervensystem (1)
- Autonomic nervous system (1)
- Autophagie (1)
- Autoregulation (1)
- Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C (1)
- Awareness (1)
- Awareness campaign (1)
- Axial spondyloarthritis (1)
- Axiale Spondyloarthritis (1)
- Axiales Längenwachstum (1)
- Axiography (1)
- Axon (1)
- Ayahuasca (1)
- Ayurvedic herbal products (1)
- Azacitidine (1)
- Azan (1)
- Azan trichrome stain (1)
- Azathioprin (1)
- Azathioprine (1)
- Azidothymidine (1)
- B cell cancer (1)
- B cell differentiation (1)
- B cell malignancies (1)
- B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- B cell receptor (1)
- B cell subpopulations (1)
- B-cell (1)
- B-cell antigen receptor (1)
- B-cell immunology (1)
- B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- B-cell receptor (1)
- B-cell transcription factors (1)
- B.1.1.529 (1)
- B.1.1.7 (1)
- B.1.617.1 (1)
- B.1.617.2 (1)
- B16 cells (1)
- B3GNT2 (1)
- BA.4 (1)
- BA.5 (1)
- BACTEC™ 9000 (1)
- BATF3 (1)
- BBB (1)
- BCG (1)
- BCG-Therapie (1)
- BCL-2 (1)
- BCL11b (1)
- BCORL1 (1)
- BCR signaling (1)
- BCR-ABL (1)
- BEACOPP (1)
- BET inhibitor (1)
- BET inhibitors (1)
- BET proteins (1)
- BEZ235 (1)
- BFIS (1)
- BFR (1)
- BG-index (1)
- BH3 mimetics (1)
- BH4 (1)
- BI1361849 (1)
- BIAM switch assay (1)
- BIAM-switch (1)
- BIRC5 (1)
- BK channel (1)
- BMAC (1)
- BMP4 (1)
- BMSC (1)
- BNC2 (1)
- BNT2b2 (1)
- BOPTA (1)
- BPD (1)
- BPDCN (1)
- BPO (1)
- BPTF (1)
- BRAF V600E (1)
- BRAF inhibitors (1)
- BRAF mutation (1)
- BRD2 (1)
- BRD4-NUT (1)
- BRD7 (1)
- BRG1 (1)
- BROMO-10 (1)
- BRUCE (1)
- BRVO (1)
- BSP (1)
- BTC (1)
- BTK (1)
- BV6 (1)
- Babesia venatorum (1)
- Baby-Bodyplethysmographie (1)
- Bachelorabschluss (1)
- Bachelor’s degree (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Back scan (1)
- Backpropagating action potential (1)
- Bacteraemia (1)
- Bacteremia/diagnosis (1)
- Bacteria-host interaction (1)
- Bacterial Chromosome (1)
- Bacterial Protein Kinases (1)
- Bacterial Protein Phosphatases (1)
- Bacterial abundance (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial biofilm (1)
- Bacterial intestinal overgrowth (1)
- Bacterial leakage (1)
- Bacterial pathogenesis (1)
- Bacterial pathogens (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Bacteriological techniques (1)
- Bad (1)
- BadA, (1)
- Bag6 (1)
- Bagatelltrauma (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bakterientest (1)
- Bakteriologische Techniken (1)
- Bakterizidie Index (1)
- Bakteriämie/Diagnostik (1)
- Ballet (1)
- Ballon (1)
- Ballon-assisted enteroscopy (1)
- Balloon-expandable TAVI (1)
- Balneologie (1)
- Bamlanivimab (1)
- Bandpass filters (1)
- Bankart-Läsion (1)
- Bariatric surgery (1)
- Barlow disease (1)
- Barrier (1)
- Bartonella (1)
- Bartonella adhesin A (1)
- Bartonella grahamii (1)
- Bartonella schoenbuchensis (1)
- Basal Ganglia (1)
- Basal ganglia (1)
- Basalzellkarzinom (1)
- Basedow-Krankheit (1)
- Basel Consensus Statement (1)
- Basler Consensus Statement (1)
- Bassoon (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayesian model (1)
- Bcl-2 (1)
- Bcr-Abl (1)
- Beatmung (1)
- Beck Depression Inventory (1)
- Beckenschiefstand (1)
- Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (1)
- Becton Dickinson (1)
- Bedburg-Hau, Anstalt (1)
- Bee venom allergy (1)
- Befinden (1)
- Befindlichkeit (1)
- Beginners (1)
- Begriffsbestimmung (1)
- Behandlungskontrolle (1)
- Behandlungspfad (1)
- Behandlungssystematik (1)
- Behandlungsumfang (1)
- Behavioral analysis (1)
- Behavioral experiment (1)
- Behavioral tests (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Behinderung (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Bence Jones (BJ) proteinuria (1)
- Bence Jones-Proteinurie (1)
- Benchmarks (1)
- Benign disorder (1)
- Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) (1)
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (1)
- Benign pulmonary diseases (1)
- Benigne Lungenerkrankungen (1)
- Bentall operation (1)
- Beratung (1)
- Berci needle (1)
- Bereavement (1)
- Berner, Friedrich (1)
- Bernhard Waldenfels (1)
- Bernštejn, Nikolaj A. (1)
- Berotralstat (1)
- Berufliche Gesundheit (1)
- Berufszufriedenheit (1)
- Beschneidung <Frau> (1)
- Beschreibung (1)
- Beschäftigte (1)
- Besessenheit (1)
- Besiedelungsgrad (1)
- Best practice (1)
- Best-practice model (1)
- Bestimmungsmethoden (1)
- Bestrahlung (1)
- Betazellfunktion (1)
- Betriebliches Wiedereingliederungsmanagement (1)
- Beurteilungen (1)
- Bevölkerungsschutz (1)
- Bewegungsanalyse mit Inertialsensoren (1)
- Bewegungserziehung (1)
- Bewegungsphysiologie (1)
- Bewegungssteuerung (1)
- Bewegungsstörung (1)
- Bewertungen (1)
- Bewältigung (1)
- Bezeichnungen (1)
- Bias (1)
- Bibliometric analysis (1)
- Bidirectional genes (1)
- Big data (1)
- Big five (1)
- Biglycan (1)
- Bilateral cochlear implant (1)
- Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (1)
- Bildgebendes Verfahren (1)
- Bildnis (1)
- Bildqualität (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Biliary physiology (1)
- Biliary tree (1)
- Biliary tree stones (1)
- Bilirubin (1)
- Bilirubinbestimmung (1)
- Billroth II gastroenterostomy (1)
- Billroth papillotome (1)
- Billroth’s operation-II (1)
- Bilobalid (1)
- Bilobalide (1)
- Binding analysis (1)
- Binocular Rivalry (1)
- Bio safety (1)
- BioCreative V.5 (1)
- BioID (1)
- BioNLP (1)
- Bioactivity-guided fractionation (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Bioavailability prediction (1)
- Bioelektrische Impedanzanalyse (1)
- Bioequivalence (1)
- Biofluids (1)
- Bioinformatik (1)
- Biological (1)
- Biological heart valves (1)
- Biological markers (1)
- Biological neural networks (1)
- Biological psychiatry (1)
- Biological sciences (1)
- Biological techniques (1)
- Biologisches Profil (1)
- Biomarker Discovery Study (1)
- Biomarker Lipoprotein(a) (1)
- Biomarker TIMP‑2 und IGFBP7 (1)
- Biomarkers & Diagnostic Imaging (1)
- Biomarkers TIMP‑2 and IGFBP7 (1)
- Biomechanical analysis (1)
- Biomedical named entity recognition (1)
- Bioprosthesis (1)
- Biopsychosocial (1)
- Biopsychosocial model (1)
- Biopsychosoziales Krankheitsmodell (1)
- Biopterin (1)
- Biowaiver (1)
- Bipolare Störung (1)
- Biposiekomplikationen (1)
- Birds (1)
- Birkenpollen (1)
- Birth (1)
- Bispecific (1)
- Bisphosphonates (1)
- Black cohosh (1)
- Black cohosh induced liver injury (1)
- Blasenkarzinom (1)
- Bleeding Risk (1)
- Blended learning curriculum · (1)
- Blended-Learning-Curriculum (1)
- Blended-learning (1)
- Bletilla striata (1)
- Blinatumomab (1)
- Blindness (1)
- Blockbuch (1)
- Blocked occlusion (1)
- Blood Banks/standards (1)
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous (1)
- Blood brain barrier (1)
- Blood cells (1)
- Blood coagulation disorder (1)
- Blood flow (1)
- Blood flow restriction (1)
- Blood loss calculator (1)
- Blood loss formula (1)
- Blood management (1)
- Blood parameters (1)
- Blood sample handling (1)
- Blood sampling (1)
- Blood transfusion (1)
- Bloodstream infection (1)
- Blot, Western (1)
- Blot, western (1)
- Blow fly (1)
- Blowflies (1)
- BluePrint (1)
- Blurred vision (1)
- Blut- und Plasmaprodukte (1)
- Blutbanken/Standards (1)
- Blutflussrestriktion (1)
- Blutflußumkehr (1)
- Blutgefäß (1)
- Blutgerinnungshemmung (1)
- Blutkulturdiagnostik (1)
- Blutparameter (1)
- Blutpräparate (1)
- Blutspenderscreening (1)
- Blutstammzelle (1)
- Blutstammzelle ; Nabelschnur ; Antigen CD34 ; Zellkultur (1)
- Bluttransfusion, Autologe (1)
- Blutung (1)
- Blutungskontrolle (1)
- Bochum <2010> (1)
- Body Composition (1)
- Body image (1)
- Body limbs (1)
- Body measurements (1)
- Body sway (1)
- Body temperature (1)
- Body-contouring surgery (1)
- Bodyplethysmographie (1)
- Bold fmri (1)
- Bologna process (1)
- Bologna-Prozess (1)
- Bone (1)
- Bone Gla Protein (1)
- Bone and joint mechanics (1)
- Bone cancer (1)
- Bone cement implantation syndrome (1)
- Bone conduction devices (1)
- Bone disease (1)
- Bone diseases (1)
- Bone diseases, Metabolic (1)
- Bone dust (1)
- Bone fracture (1)
- Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (1)
- Bone marrow cells (1)
- Bone marrow fibrosis (1)
- Bone marrow mononuclear cells (1)
- Bone metastasis (1)
- Bone remodelling (1)
- Bone strength assessment (1)
- Bone substitute (1)
- Bone tumor (1)
- Borrelia Garinii (1)
- Borrelia miyamotoi (1)
- Borrelien (1)
- Bortezomib (1)
- Boswellia serrata (1)
- Boswellic acids (1)
- Bottom-up (1)
- Bovine Spongiforme Enzephalopathie (BSE) (1)
- Bovine spongiform, encephalopathy (BSE) (1)
- Bow (1)
- Brachial artery (1)
- Brachytherapy (1)
- Bradycardia (1)
- Bradykinin (1)
- Brain DNA methylation (1)
- Brain anatomy (1)
- Brain asymmetry (1)
- Brain damage (1)
- Brain development (1)
- Brain imaging (1)
- Brain injuries (1)
- Brain injury (1)
- Brain ischemia (1)
- Brain lesion (1)
- Brain repair (1)
- Brain size I (1)
- Brain structure (1)
- Brain tumor surgery (1)
- Brain tumors (1)
- Brain-stimulus synchrony (1)
- BrainNet Europe consortium (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Breast Cancer (1)
- Breast cancer survivers (1)
- Breast conserving surgery (1)
- Breast neoplasm (1)
- Breast reconstruction (1)
- Breath testing (1)
- Breathing (1)
- Breech delivery (1)
- Bright light therapy (1)
- Brms (1)
- Brodalumab (1)
- Bromodomänen (1)
- Bronchial challenge (1)
- Bronchial inflammation (1)
- Bronchiale Hyperreagibilität (1)
- Bronchialkrebs (1)
- Bronchiolitis (1)
- Bronchiolitis obliterans (1)
- Bronchitis severity scale (1)
- Broncho-alveoläre Lavage (1)
- Bronchodilator agents (1)
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1)
- Brownian dynamics simulation (1)
- Browsertool (1)
- Brust (1)
- Brustkrebs ; Klinische Medizin ; Kontrollierte klinische Studie (1)
- Bundesärztekammer / Ausschuss Arbeitsmedizin (1)
- Bungarus (1)
- Bungarus walli (1)
- Bunyavirus (1)
- Buparlisib (1)
- Bupivacain (1)
- Bupivacaine (1)
- Burden (1)
- Burkholderia arboris (1)
- Burkitt’s lymphoma (1)
- Burnout-Syndrom (1)
- Burns (1)
- Burst (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- Butterworth filters (1)
- Butyrate (1)
- Bypass liner (1)
- Bühnentanz (1)
- Büroangestellte (1)
- Büroarbeit (1)
- C-clamp (1)
- C-reactive proteins (1)
- C-reaktive protein (1)
- C-reäktives Protein (1)
- C1 esterase inhibitor (human) (1)
- C1-INH (C1 inhibitor, C1-esterase inhibitor) (1)
- C1-esterase inhibitor protein (1)
- C1-inhibitor (1)
- C1-inhibitor concentrate (1)
- C1-inhibitor deficiency (1)
- C2 domain (1)
- C3M (1)
- C4M (1)
- C5 acylcarnitine (1)
- C57BL/6J mice (1)
- C57BL/6N mice (1)
- C6 ceramide (1)
- CA (1)
- CA1 (1)
- CAC-DRS Score (1)
- CAD-CAM (1)
- CAD/ CAM crown (1)
- CAD/CAM crown (1)
- CAKUT (1)
- CAPON (1)
- CAR T cells (1)
- CAR-NK cell (1)
- CAR-T cell (1)
- CAR-immunotherapy (1)
- CAT (1)
- CBC (1)
- CBCT (1)
- CBT (1)
- CCC-2 (1)
- CCN2 (1)
- CCTT (1)
- CD107-Assay (1)
- CD137 (1)
- CD23 (1)
- CD271 (1)
- CD3 (1)
- CD3/19 depletion (1)
- CD3/CD19 depletion (1)
- CD34 (1)
- CD34 selection (1)
- CD34+ cell enumeration (1)
- CD34 + cells (1)
- CD4 binding site (1)
- CD4+ T cells (1)
- CD4+ T lymphocytes (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD41 (1)
- CD45RA Depletion (1)
- CD45RA naïve lymphocytes (1)
- CD47 (1)
- CD49d (1)
- CD56 (1)
- CD62L (1)
- CD62P (1)
- CD62p+Exosomes (1)
- CD74 (1)
- CD8 (1)
- CD8+ T cell (1)
- CD8+ T cells (1)
- CD8+ T lymphocytes (1)
- CD8+ T-cell mediated tumor suppression (1)
- CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- CD8+ zytotoxische T-Zellen (1)
- CD95/Fas receptor (1)
- CDH13 (1)
- CDI (1)
- CDK inhibitor (1)
- CDK-cyclin axis (1)
- CDK2 (1)
- CDK4/6 inhibitor (1)
- CDK4/6 inhibitors (1)
- CDK4/CDK6 (1)
- CDKN2A (1)
- CE (1)
- CE marking (1)
- CE-Kennzeichnung (1)
- CEBPD (1)
- CEBPE (1)
- CEST (1)
- CEST EPI (1)
- CGD (1)
- CGN codon (1)
- CHA2DS2-VASc-score (1)
- CHAID-Analyse (1)
- CHAID-Analysis (1)
- CHEPs (1)
- CHRDL1 (1)
- CHRNA10 (1)
- CHRNA7 (1)
- CHRNA9 (1)
- CIE-11 (1)
- CIK cell (1)
- CIM (1)
- CK2α (1)
- CLEC-2 (1)
- CLIF-C ACLF score (1)
- CLIF-C ACLF-R score (1)
- CLOCC (1)
- CLS (1)
- CMS (1)
- CMV isolation (1)
- CMV risk groups are: pregnancy - blood transfusion - organ transplantation - prostitutes (1)
- CMV-Isolierung (1)
- CMVepidemiology (1)
- CNDAC (1)
- CNP (1)
- CNS (1)
- CNS cancer (1)
- CNS infection (1)
- CNS melanoma (1)
- CNS toxicity (1)
- CNS tumor (1)
- CNV (1)
- CNVs (1)
- CO2-induced forced ventilation (1)
- COBAS Taqman (1)
- COBL (1)
- COI (1)
- COII (1)
- COINS (1)
- COMT (1)
- COPD assessment test (1)
- COPD course and therapy (1)
- COVID (1)
- COVID 19 pandemic (1)
- COVID-19 epitope signatures (1)
- COVID-19 regulations (1)
- COVID-19 vaccination (1)
- COVID-19, Primary care (1)
- COVID‐19 (1)
- CPET (1)
- CPT1A (1)
- CPTAC (1)
- CPVT (1)
- CQL (1)
- CRBN (1)
- CRC65 (1)
- CRE-dependent transcription (1)
- CRE-luciferase (1)
- CREB inhibitor (1)
- CRF (1)
- CRISPR screen (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 gene conversion (1)
- CRISPR/dCas9 (1)
- CRM1 (1)
- CRPC (1)
- CRT (1)
- CRT-D (1)
- CRVO (1)
- CSC marker (1)
- CT dual-energy computed tomography (1)
- CT pulmonary angiography (1)
- CT radiation exposure (1)
- CT-guidance (1)
- CT-guided interventions (1)
- CTC (1)
- CTX (1)
- CTX and NTX (1)
- CTX und NTX (1)
- CUELA system (1)
- CUP (1)
- CVD biomarker (1)
- CVID (1)
- CWS Studiengruppe (1)
- CX-2 (1)
- CXCL10 (1)
- CXCL16 (1)
- CXCR3 antagonism (1)
- CXCR5 (1)
- CY-503 (1)
- CYBA/p22phox (1)
- CYP1A1 (1)
- CYP450 (1)
- Ca2+ imaging (1)
- CaMPARI (1)
- Cabozantinib (1)
- Caco 2 cells/metabolism (1)
- Caco‐2 cells (1)
- Caffeine (1)
- Calcium calmodulin kinase (1)
- Calcium gluconate (1)
- Calcium recordings (1)
- Calcium signalling (1)
- Calcium waves (1)
- Calciumphosphatprodukt (1)
- Call for action (1)
- Calliphora (1)
- Calnexin (1)
- Calstabin2/FKBP12.6 (1)
- Campylobacter (1)
- Canada (1)
- Cancer Staging (1)
- Cancer cell migration (1)
- Cancer check up (1)
- Cancer detection (1)
- Cancer development (1)
- Cancer epigenetics (1)
- Cancer of unknown primary (1)
- Cancer progression (1)
- Cancer risk factors (1)
- Cancer staging (1)
- Cancer stem cells (1)
- Cancer survivors (1)
- Cancer therapeutic resistance (1)
- Cancer-specific survival (1)
- Candida spp (1)
- Cannabis-based Medicine (1)
- Capacity deficit (1)
- Capillary-Leak-Syndrom (1)
- Capnography (1)
- Capsaicin (1)
- Capsule endoscopy, video (1)
- Carbapenem-resistente Gram-negative Bakterien (CRGN) (1)
- Carbapenemasen (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon tetrachloride (1)
- Carcinogenese (1)
- Carcinogenität (1)
- Carcinoma penis (1)
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast (1)
- Cardiac (1)
- Cardiac Fibrosis (1)
- Cardiac acoustic biomarkers (1)
- Cardiac biomarkers (1)
- Cardiac causes of death (1)
- Cardiac device therapy (1)
- Cardiac fibroblast (1)
- Cardiac function (1)
- Cardiac implantable electronic devices (1)
- Cardiac infarction (1)
- Cardiac masses (1)
- Cardiac monitoring (1)
- Cardiac necroenzymes (1)
- Cardiac output (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiac remodeling (1)
- Cardiac remodelling (1)
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy (1)
- Cardiac surgery patients (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiavascular function (1)
- Cardio-oncology (1)
- CardioMEMS™ HF system (1)
- Cardiogenic shock (1)
- Cardiomyocyte signaling pathways (1)
- Cardiomyopathy (1)
- Cardiopulmonary bypass (1)
- Cardiotoxicity (1)
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) (1)
- Cardiovascular disease risk (1)
- Cardiovascular epidemiology (1)
- Cardiovascular genetics (1)
- Cardiovascular mortality (1)
- Cardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (1)
- Care centers (1)
- Care gaps (1)
- Care home (1)
- Career promotion (1)
- Careers (1)
- Caregiver burden (1)
- Caritas (1)
- Carotid injury (1)
- Carotid stenosis (1)
- Carrier-bound fibrin sealant (1)
- Cartilage (1)
- Cartilage Biology (1)
- Cary-Blair medium (1)
- Cary-Blair-Medium (1)
- Cas9 inhibitor (1)
- Case management [MeSH] (1)
- Casirivimab (1)
- Caspase-8 (1)
- Caspasen (1)
- Castleman’s disease (1)
- Castor bean tick (1)
- Catch-up validation study (1)
- Catel, Werner (1)
- Catheters (1)
- Catumaxomab (1)
- Causality (1)
- Causality assessment. (1)
- Cause of death (1)
- Cdk1/cyclin B1 (1)
- Cell Biology (1)
- Cell Death (1)
- Cell Metabolism (1)
- Cell Migration (1)
- Cell Signaling (1)
- Cell Surface Receptor (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell cultures (1)
- Cell cycle (1)
- Cell distribution (1)
- Cell membranes (1)
- Cell metabolism (1)
- Cell motility (1)
- Cell plasticity (1)
- Cell processing (1)
- Cell surface proteoglycans (1)
- Cell-assisted lipotransfer (1)
- Cell-based Assays (1)
- Cell-based therapies (1)
- Cell-to-Cell Spread (1)
- Cellular (1)
- Cellular energy metabolism (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Cellular inflammatory response (1)
- Cellular network formation (1)
- Cellular neuroscience (1)
- Cellular stress (1)
- Cellular stress responses (1)
- Cement gap (1)
- Cementation (1)
- Center-specific time in therapeutic range (cTTR) (1)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1)
- Central Europe (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Central nervous system metastases (1)
- Centrifugation (1)
- Cephalometry via electromagnetic induction (1)
- Cephalometry without x-rays (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Ceramide Synthase (1)
- Ceramides (1)
- Cerasorb (1)
- Cerclage (1)
- Cerebellar ataxia (1)
- Cerebral Vasospasm (1)
- Cerebral hypoperfusion (1)
- Cerebral ischemia (1)
- Cerebral oxygen saturation (1)
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis HIV (1)
- Cerebral vasospasm (1)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (1)
- Cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics (1)
- Cerebrovascular (1)
- Cerebrovascular disorders (1)
- Certification (1)
- Cervical (1)
- Cesarean delivery (1)
- Cethromycin (1)
- ChAdOx1-S (1)
- ChIP-Seq (1)
- Chagas (1)
- Change Management (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Checkliste (1)
- Checkpoint Inhibitor (1)
- Checkpoint kinase (1)
- Checkpoints (1)
- Chemical company (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemical labeling (1)
- Chemical modification (1)
- Chemikalie (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemilumineszenz (1)
- Chemische Sonden (1)
- Chemobrain (1)
- Chemoembolization (1)
- Chemoinformatics (1)
- Chemokine CCL2 (1)
- Chemoradiation (1)
- Chemorefractory advanced gastric cancer (1)
- Chemosensitivity (1)
- Chest pain unit (1)
- Chewa (1)
- Chewa-Sprache (1)
- Chichewa (1)
- Chikungunya (1)
- Chikungunya virus (1)
- Child adiposity (1)
- Child and adolescent psychotherapy (1)
- Child health (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Childhood abuse (1)
- Childhood sexual abuse (1)
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) (1)
- Chimerism (1)
- Chimiothérapie (1)
- Chinesischer Rhabarber (1)
- Chinoxalinderivate (1)
- Chlamydia-Infections/urine (1)
- Chlamydien (1)
- Chlamydieninfektionen/Urin (1)
- Chloralhydrat (1)
- Chloroform (1)
- Chloroquin (1)
- Cholecystectomy (1)
- Cholesterinveresterung (1)
- Cholesterol (1)
- Cholinergic (1)
- Chondral Lesion (1)
- Chondrocyte (1)
- Chondrocyte signalling (1)
- Chrna7 knockout (1)
- Chrom (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chromatin conformation (1)
- Chromodomains (1)
- Chromoendoscopy (1)
- Chromosom (1)
- Chromosomal deletion (1)
- Chromosomal translocations (1)
- Chromosomale Translokation (1)
- Chronic Hepatitis C (1)
- Chronic ankle instability (1)
- Chronic care model (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic disease [MeSH] (1)
- Chronic health condition (1)
- Chronic heart failure (1)
- Chronic hepatitis C virus (1)
- Chronic illness (1)
- Chronic infection (1)
- Chronic intestinal failure (1)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1)
- Chronic medical conditions (1)
- Chronic obstructive airway disease (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Chronic pancreatitis (1)
- Chronic periodontiti (1)
- Chronification (1)
- Chronisch aktive/Diagnostik (1)
- Chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz (1)
- Chronische Fehl- und Überlastungsschäden (1)
- Chronische Krankheit (1)
- Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- Chronischer Schmerz (1)
- Chronology of disease (1)
- CiNyungwe (1)
- Cigarette (1)
- Cigarettes (1)
- Cindau (1)
- Cine (1)
- Cinnarizine (1)
- Cinryze® (1)
- Ciprofloxacin (1)
- Circadian (1)
- Circadian rhythms and sleep (1)
- Circulating MiRNA (1)
- Circulating markers (1)
- Circulating miRNA (1)
- Circulation (1)
- Cirugía (1)
- Cisplatinresistenz (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citationrate (1)
- Cities (1)
- Citrat (1)
- Civil liberties (1)
- Civil protection (1)
- Claudin 5 (1)
- Clavien–Dindo classification (1)
- Cleanliness level (1)
- Cleft palate (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate inequity (1)
- Clincial pharmacology (1)
- CliniMACS (1)
- Clinical (1)
- Clinical Decision Support System (1)
- Clinical Skills (1)
- Clinical effectiveness (1)
- Clinical efficacy (1)
- Clinical frailty scale (1)
- Clinical management (1)
- Clinical neuropsychology (1)
- Clinical outcome (1)
- Clinical pathway (1)
- Clinical pathways (1)
- Clinical pharmacology (1)
- Clinical phenotype (1)
- Clinical practice guidelines (1)
- Clinical psychometry (1)
- Clinical skills (1)
- Clinical tasks (1)
- Clinical variation (1)
- Clinician-administered PTSD Scale PTSD (1)
- Clip (1)
- Cln3 (1)
- Clonidin (1)
- Clonidine (1)
- Clopidogrel (1)
- Clostridioides difficile (1)
- Clostridium (1)
- Closure (1)
- ClpB (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Cluster randomization (1)
- Clustering coefficients (1)
- Co-culture (1)
- Co-morbidity (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Coagulopathy management (1)
- Cocain (1)
- Cochlear Implant (1)
- Codierung (1)
- Coexistence (1)
- Cofilin (1)
- Cognitive (1)
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive dysfunction (1)
- Cognitive enhancers of exposure therapy (1)
- Cognitive neurology (1)
- Cognitive psychology (1)
- Cognitive training (1)
- Cognitive-motor interference (1)
- Coherent infomax (1)
- Cohort Analysis (1)
- Cohort study (1)
- Colchicum (1)
- Cold hardiness (1)
- Cold pain (1)
- Cold tolerance (1)
- Colitis Ulcerosa (1)
- Colitis assoziate colorectal cancer (1)
- Collagen Maps (1)
- Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (1)
- Collagen hemostat (1)
- Collagen type I (1)
- Collagen type III (1)
- Collagen-based biomaterial (1)
- Collective cell migration (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colon capsule endoscopy (1)
- Colonic neoplasms (1)
- Colonisation (1)
- Colonkrebs (1)
- Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (1)
- Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Colorimetric blood loss estimation (1)
- Combined immune checkpoint blockade (1)
- Combined surgical therapy (1)
- Combo® DTS (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Commercial Immunoglobulins (1)
- Communicable diseases (1)
- Communication-through-coherence (CTC) (1)
- Comparative analysis (1)
- Comparative effectiveness research (1)
- Comparative study (1)
- Comparators (1)
- Compartmental modeling (1)
- Competencies (1)
- Complement Regulator (1)
- Complement cascade (1)
- Complement system (1)
- Complementary medicine (1)
- Complementation rate (1)
- Complete heart block (1)
- Complete response (1)
- Completed suicide (1)
- Complex Systems (1)
- Complex decongestive therapy (1)
- Complex elbow fractures (1)
- Complex hernia (1)
- Complex networks (1)
- Complexin 1 (1)
- Complexin-1 (1)
- Compliance-Beobachtung (1)
- Complicated appendicitis (1)
- Complicated stage (1)
- Complication (1)
- Comprehensive cancer centers (1)
- Comprehensive complication index (1)
- Compression stocking (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Computed axial tomography (1)
- Computed tomography imaging (1)
- Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) (1)
- Computed tomography, X-ray (1)
- Computer simulation (1)
- Computer-Assisted (1)
- Computer-Tomographie (CT) gesteuerte Verfahren (1)
- Computer-aided drug design (1)
- Computer-unterstützte (1)
- Computers (1)
- Computerspielstörung (1)
- Concept paper (1)
- Conception (1)
- Concurrent CNS diseases (1)
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (1)
- Conditional gene trap (1)
- Conduct problems (1)
- Conduit function (1)
- Cone-beam computed tomography (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Confocal endomicroscopy (1)
- Conformational change (1)
- Congenital (1)
- Congenital CMVinfection (1)
- Congenital anomalies (1)
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1)
- Congenital duodenal obstruction (1)
- Congenital ocular motor apraxia (1)
- Coniosporium corticale (1)
- Conometric connection (1)
- Conscious perception (1)
- Consciousness (1)
- Consensus document (1)
- Consensus methods (1)
- Consensus statement (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Conservative (1)
- Conservative treatment (1)
- Consolidation (1)
- Consortia (1)
- Constipation (1)
- Constitution (1)
- Constrained posture (1)
- Contact network (1)
- Contact precautions (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Contingent Negative Variation, CNV (1)
- Continuous Performance Test, CPT (1)
- Continuous Process Verification (1)
- Continuous renal replacement therapy (1)
- Contraceptifs hormonaux (1)
- Contractile function (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Contrast-Enhancing Lesions (1)
- Contrast-enhanced (1)
- Contrast-medium, injection rate, iodine concentration, hepatic malignancy, multiphasic CT (1)
- Contrastive analysis (1)
- Control (1)
- Controlled freezing/thawing (1)
- Conventional Chemotherapeutic (1)
- Conventional and unconventional ubiquitination (1)
- Conventional dendritic cells (1)
- Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (1)
- Convolutional Neural Networks (1)
- Cooperation (1)
- Coordination Of Control Modes (1)
- Copy number (1)
- Copy number variation (1)
- Cord blood transplantation (1)
- Cordichin (1)
- Core needle biopsy (1)
- Cornea (1)
- Corneal tomography (1)
- Corneometrie (1)
- Corona pandemic (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Coronary CT (1)
- Coronary Heart Disease (1)
- Coronary Plaque Burden (1)
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) (1)
- Coronary calcification (1)
- Coronary intervention (1)
- Coronaviren (1)
- Coronaviruses (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- Cortical degeneration (1)
- Cortical thickness (1)
- Corticotropic axis (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Cost And Quality Management (1)
- Cost-effectiveness analysis (1)
- Couch tracking (1)
- Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (1)
- Course (1)
- Course evaluation (1)
- Covid19-nmr (1)
- Cox-2-Inhibitoren (1)
- Cox-Regression (1)
- Coxibs (1)
- Coxsackieviren (1)
- Cp (1)
- Cpk (1)
- Craniomandibular disorders (1)
- Craniomaxillofacial injuries (1)
- Creatinine (1)
- Credentialing (1)
- Creeping Disease (1)
- Crisis (1)
- Crispr/Cas (1)
- Critical Online Reasoning Assessment (1)
- Critical bleeding (1)
- Critical care and emergency medicine (1)
- Critical haematocrit (1)
- Critical pathway (1)
- Critical size (1)
- Cross- sectional study (1)
- Cross-border mobility (1)
- Cross-contamination (1)
- Cross-frequency coupling (1)
- Cross-sectional (1)
- Cross-sectional study (1)
- Crosscorrelation (1)
- Crossmodal (1)
- Cryo-concentration (1)
- Cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- Cryoablation (1)
- Cryoballoon (1)
- Cryptococcus (1)
- Cryptostroma corticale (1)
- CspA (1)
- Cue-P3 (1)
- Culex pipiens (1)
- Culex pipiens biotypes pipiens/molestus (1)
- Culture (1)
- Culture positive (1)
- Cumulative dose (1)
- Curcumin (1)
- Curcumin micelles (1)
- Curcuminoid concentrations (1)
- Curcumis sativus (1)
- Cure (1)
- Curvilinear dose response (1)
- Cushing-Syndrom (1)
- Cushing’s syndrome (1)
- Custom-made mouthguard (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- Cy5.5 (1)
- Cyanoacrylate (1)
- CyberKnife (1)
- Cyborg (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyclin T1 (1)
- Cyclocymopol-Derivat (1)
- Cyclooxygenase (1)
- Cyclosporin A (1)
- Cyp46a1 (1)
- Cystatin C (1)
- Cysteine‐Rich Domain (CRD) (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytochrome P450 enzymes (1)
- Cytokines Induction (1)
- Cytology (1)
- Cytomegalie (1)
- Cytomegalie-Virus (1)
- Cytomegalievirus (1)
- Cytomegalovirus (1)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (1)
- Cytomegalovirus Infection (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic staining (1)
- Cytoreductive nephrectomy (1)
- Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- C‐reactive protein (1)
- D-amino acid oxidase (1)
- D-dimer (1)
- D2-autoreceptor (1)
- DAMP (1)
- DAMPs (1)
- DAN-G (1)
- DBH genotype (1)
- DBS (1)
- DC-NK cell interaction (1)
- DCK (1)
- DCM (1)
- DDA (1)
- DDDPlus (1)
- DDIT4 (1)
- DDX6 (1)
- DECT (1)
- DEE (1)
- DFNB9 (1)
- DHA (1)
- DILI database case quality (1)
- DIN EN ISO 15189 (1)
- DIRAS2 (1)
- DJ-Katheter (1)
- DKK1 (1)
- DKTK-ROG (1)
- DLBCL (1)
- DLI (1)
- DLPFC (1)
- DMARDs (synthetic) (1)
- DME (1)
- DMXAA (1)
- DNA Adducts (1)
- DNA Damage (1)
- DNA double-strand break repair (1)
- DNA integrity (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA sequence analysis (1)
- DNA sequencing (1)
- DNA, Virale/Blut (1)
- DNA-Methylierung (1)
- DNA-PAINT (1)
- DNA-PK (1)
- DNA-based identification (1)
- DNA-binding proteins (1)
- DNA-protein crosslinks (1)
- DOK1 (1)
- DOT1L (1)
- DPPIV (1)
- DR5 (1)
- DRG (1)
- DRIL-Procedur (1)
- DRIL-procedure (1)
- DSAEK (1)
- DSS /AOM (1)
- DST (1)
- DTHR (1)
- DUBs (1)
- DVI (1)
- DVT (1)
- DWI (1)
- DYRK1A (1)
- DYT1 (1)
- Dabigatran (1)
- Daboia russelii (1)
- Daclatasvir (1)
- Daily diary (1)
- Dance (1)
- Dancer (1)
- Dark triad (1)
- Darmerkrankung (1)
- Darreichungsform (1)
- Darunavir (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Data exploration (1)
- Data mining (1)
- Data monitoring (1)
- Data preprocessing (1)
- Data protection (1)
- Data reduction (1)
- Data structure detection (1)
- Data validation (1)
- Data visualization (1)
- Databases (1)
- Dataset bias (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenqualität (1)
- Daubert criteria (1)
- Dauerversorgung (1)
- David technique (1)
- De-isolation (1)
- Dead space (1)
- Death certificate (1)
- Decay (1)
- Decision Confidence (1)
- Decision impact (1)
- Decision support (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Declaration of Cologne (1)
- Decolonization (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Deep neural network (1)
- Deep vein thrombosis (1)
- Default-mode network (1)
- Defekt (1)
- Deficient Inhibition (1)
- Definition Gesundheit (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Degrader design (1)
- Dehnen (1)
- Dehnen verkürzter Muskulatur (1)
- Dehntraining (1)
- Delay of gratification (1)
- Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (1)
- Delayed Infectivity Panning (1)
- Delayed union (1)
- Deletion mutation (1)
- Delivery mode (1)
- Delivery quality assurance (1)
- Delphi Survey (1)
- Delphi consensus (1)
- Delphie-Befragung (1)
- Demenzerkrankung (1)
- Demersal fish (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Dendritic Cells (1)
- Dendritic cell (1)
- Dendritic cell population (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Dendritic spines (1)
- Dendritic structure (1)
- Dendritische Zelle (1)
- Denervation (1)
- Dengue fever (1)
- Dengue fever virus (1)
- Denguefieber (1)
- Density equalizing (1)
- Dental air (1)
- Dental assistants (1)
- Dental casts (1)
- Dental education (1)
- Dental phobia (1)
- Dental practice (1)
- Dental training (1)
- Dentale Implantate (1)
- Dentalkeramik; Grünling <Technik>; CAM; Hartmetallwerkzeug; Werkzeugverschleiß; Dimensionsstabilität; Schleifwerkzeug; Diamantwerkzeug (1)
- Dentin adhesives (1)
- Dentition (1)
- Depolarization (1)
- Depression stigma (1)
- Dermatitis (1)
- Dermatomyositis (1)
- Dermatopharmakokinetik (1)
- Designed ankyrin repeat protein (1)
- Desinfektion von Flugzeugen (1)
- Desmin (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detection workflow (1)
- Determination method (1)
- Detraining (1)
- Deubiquitination (1)
- Deutsch als Zweitsprache (1)
- Deutsch-Ostafrika (1)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin (1)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (1)
- Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (1)
- Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (1)
- Deutschland / Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (1)
- Deutschland / Fallpauschalengesetz (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (1)
- Developmental disorders (1)
- Developmental programming (1)
- Developmental trajectory (1)
- Developmentally adapted cognitive processing therapy (1)
- Devic disease (1)
- Devic syndrome (1)
- Device (1)
- Dexamethasone (1)
- Dexterity (1)
- DiI (1)
- Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Typ 2 (1)
- Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (1)
- Diabetic nephropathy (1)
- Diadenosinpolyphosphate (1)
- Diagnosen ICD-10 Ziffern G41.0, G41.1, G41.2, G41.8, G41.9 (1)
- Diagnosenschlüssel (1)
- Diagnoses ICD-10 codes G41.0, G41.1, G41.2, G41.8, G41.9 (1)
- Diagnosezeitpunkt (1)
- Diagnosis related groups (1)
- Diagnostic accuracy (1)
- Diagnostic differentiation (1)
- Diagnostic dye (1)
- Diagnostic error (1)
- Diagnostic techniques and procedures (1)
- Diagnostic tests (1)
- Diagnostik von MLL Translokationen (1)
- Dialectical behavioral therapy (1)
- Dialyse-assoziiertes Steal-Syndrom (1)
- Dialysis-associated Steal Syndrome (1)
- Diary Data (1)
- Diastolische Dysfunktion (1)
- Dichloromethane (1)
- Dichtebestimmung (1)
- Dickdarmkrebs (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum ; Retrotransposon ; t-DNS ; Nachweis ; In vivo (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Diesel (1)
- Diet (1)
- Dietary HDAC inhibitor (1)
- Dietary intake (1)
- Dietary supplements (1)
- Dieulafoy’s lesion (1)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSF) (1)
- Differential equations (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Difficult Airway Management (1)
- Diffuse astrocytoma (1)
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (1)
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion MRI (1)
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging (1)
- Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Diffusion of Innovations (1)
- Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (1)
- Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung (1)
- Diffusionsbildgebung (1)
- Diflapolin (1)
- Digenic model (1)
- Digestive system (1)
- Digital (1)
- Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (1)
- Digital ethics (1)
- Digital hybrid visualization (1)
- Digital mammography (1)
- Digital pathology (1)
- Digital rectal examination (1)
- Digital subtraction angiography (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digital workshops (1)
- Digitale Ethik (1)
- Digitale Pathologie (1)
- Digitale Transformation (1)
- Digitale Volumen Tomographie (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimers (Chemical physics) (1)
- Dimethyltryptamine (1)
- Dioecy (1)
- Dioscorea (1)
- Dipeptide (1)
- Diphosphonates (1)
- Diphtheria (1)
- Direct Acting Antivirals (DAA) (1)
- Direct acting antiviral therapies (1)
- Direct costs (1)
- Direct measurement (1)
- Direct oral anticoagulation (1)
- Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) (1)
- Direct-acting antivirals (1)
- Directional freezing (1)
- Disabilities (1)
- Disability (1)
- Disabling back pain (1)
- Disaster victim identification (1)
- Discitis (1)
- Disconnection (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Discs large (1)
- Disease burden (1)
- Disease management (1)
- Disease progression (1)
- Disinfection of aircraft (1)
- Diskonnektion (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Dislocations of the knee (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Dissociative seizures (1)
- Dissolution nanoparticles (1)
- Distale Revascularisation- Intervall Ligatur (1)
- Distance learning (1)
- Distanzunterricht (1)
- Distress (1)
- Distress screening (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Distribution limits (1)
- Disturbancies and mistakes (1)
- Dizygotic ectopic (1)
- Doctors In Management (1)
- Dog (1)
- Dogs (1)
- Domestic (1)
- Donau (1)
- Donor Selection (1)
- Donor T cells (1)
- Donor screening (1)
- Doppler-Sonographie (1)
- Dorsal root ganglia (1)
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1)
- Dose optimization (1)
- Dosiskonzepte (1)
- Dot-probe task (1)
- Double balloon enteroscopy (1)
- Double suicide (1)
- Double-blind placebo-controlled trial (1)
- Doubling time (1)
- Douleur (1)
- Down's syndrome (1)
- Downgrading (1)
- Downy mildew (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Doxycyclin (1)
- Doxycycline (1)
- Dravet (1)
- Drogenabhängigkeit (1)
- Drogenhilfe (1)
- Drogenkonsum (1)
- Drogentherapie (1)
- Drogentote (1)
- Droplets (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Drospirenon (1)
- Drought (1)
- Drug (1)
- Drug Delivery (1)
- Drug Resistance (1)
- Drug Therapy (1)
- Drug addiction (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Drug discovery and development (1)
- Drug interactions (1)
- Drug permeability (1)
- Drug resistance/synergy (1)
- Drug safety (1)
- Drug screens (1)
- Drug substance bottles (1)
- Drug susceptibility testing (1)
- Drug targeting (1)
- Drug targets (1)
- Drug-Drug Interactions (1)
- Dual energy CT (1)
- Dual task walking (1)
- Dual therapy (1)
- Dual-Source CT (1)
- Dual-energy computed tomography (1)
- Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (1)
- Dumon stents (1)
- Duodenal atresia (1)
- Duodenal stenosis (1)
- Duodenum (1)
- Dural onlays (1)
- Durchblutungsstörung (1)
- Durchseuchung (1)
- Dvc1 (1)
- Dynamical systems (1)
- Dysfibrinogenämia (1)
- Dysfunctional social assumptions (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dysphagia (1)
- Désir d’enfant (1)
- D’Amico classification (1)
- E protein structure (1)
- E-NTPDase (1)
- E-cadherin (1)
- E-cadhérine (1)
- E-health (1)
- E-learning (1)
- E/I-Balance (1)
- E2F-1 (1)
- EAA (1)
- EASI (1)
- EBRA-FCA (1)
- EBRT (1)
- ECLS (1)
- ECM (1)
- EDB (1)
- EDOF (1)
- EDTA-plasma (1)
- EEC syndrome (1)
- EEG reference choices (1)
- EEG-TMS (1)
- EFP1 (1)
- EFRS (1)
- EGF (1)
- EGF-Rezeptor (1)
- EGFL7 (1)
- EGFP (1)
- EGFR inhibitor (1)
- EGFR pathway (1)
- EGFRvIII mutation (1)
- EGR1-dependent transcription (1)
- EGR1/2/3 (1)
- EHL concentrates (1)
- EIIIB (1)
- EKoti (1)
- ELISPOT (1)
- ELSID-Diabetes (1)
- EMD 55900 (1)
- EMD 72000 (1)
- EMR1 (1)
- EN ISO 15189 (1)
- ENIGMA (1)
- EOB (1)
- EP300 (1)
- EPA (1)
- EQ (1)
- EQ5D5L (1)
- EQA scheme (1)
- EQIP (1)
- ER-phagy (1)
- ERAL1 (1)
- ERBB2 (1)
- ERBB2 (HER2/neu) (1)
- ERCP (1)
- ERK inhibitor (1)
- ERK1/2 signaling (1)
- ERK3 (1)
- ERK3/MAPK6 (1)
- ERM (1)
- ERMS (1)
- ES (1)
- ES cells (1)
- ESMO-MCBS (1)
- ESR Spectroscopy (1)
- ESR and Infrared Studies (1)
- ESWT (1)
- ET (1)
- ET-MP (1)
- ETP-ALL (1)
- ETS (1)
- EVAR (1)
- EWS/Fli1 (1)
- EZ-IO® needle driver (1)
- Early (prenatal and postnatal) life experiences (1)
- Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Early diagnosis (1)
- Early goal-directed therapy (1)
- Early intervention (1)
- Early recurrence (1)
- Early setting (1)
- Ebola (1)
- Echocardiography (1)
- Echovirus-30 (1)
- Eclampsia (1)
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) (1)
- Ecological momentary assessment (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Economic analysis (1)
- Economic benchmarks (1)
- Economic botany (1)
- Economic evaluation (1)
- Economic impact (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecosystem health (1)
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (1)
- Ectopic bone formation (1)
- Ectopic pregnancy (1)
- Ectopic varices (1)
- Edentulous jaw (1)
- Edinger, Ludwig (Arzt) (1)
- Educación médica (1)
- Efavirenz (1)
- Effective connectivity (1)
- Effective half-life (1)
- Effectivity (1)
- Ego dissolution (1)
- Eicosanoide (1)
- Eicosanoids (1)
- Eignungsprüfung (1)
- Einfachauswahlverfahren (1)
- Einflussnahme (1)
- Eingangstest (1)
- Eingeborene (1)
- Einmaleinnahme (1)
- Einreibetechnik (1)
- Einstellung (1)
- Einstellungen (1)
- Einstellungen zu Impfungen (1)
- Einwilligungsfähigkeit (1)
- Einzelzahnimplantate (1)
- Eisenbestimmung (1)
- Eisenmangel (1)
- Eisenstoffwechsel (1)
- Ektachem® (1)
- Elastogenesis (1)
- Elastographie (1)
- Elbow (1)
- Elderly patients (1)
- Elderly trauma patient (1)
- Elective caesarean section (1)
- Electric stimulation (1)
- Electrical accident (1)
- Electrical and electronic engineering (1)
- Electrical instability (1)
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (1)
- Electrode potentials (1)
- Electrolytes (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electron transport chain (1)
- Electronic cigarettes (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrotonic analysis (1)
- Elektrischer Sturm (1)
- Elektroencephalographie (1)
- Elektroenzephalographie (1)
- Elektromyographie (1)
- Elektrophysilogie (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Elite football (1)
- Ellipsoids (1)
- Ellipticine (1)
- Elomwe (1)
- Elternurteil (1)
- Emanzipation (1)
- Embden, Gustav (1)
- Embolie (1)
- Embolization (1)
- Embryos (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency card (1)
- Emergency care (1)
- Emergency medicine (1)
- Emergency treatment (1)
- Emotion processing (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Emotional recognition (1)
- Empfehlungen (1)
- Empfindlichkeitstestung (1)
- Emphysema (1)
- Employment (1)
- Employment effect (1)
- Empty puparia (1)
- Emx2 (1)
- Ena/VASP proteins (1)
- Encephalitis Viruses (1)
- End-of-life decisions (1)
- Endocrine cancer (1)
- Endocrine system and metabolic diseases (1)
- Endocrine therapy (1)
- Endodontie (1)
- Endogene Retroviren (1)
- Endogene Retroviren ; Schwein ; Heterotransplantation ; Wirt (1)
- Endogene Retroviren; Mensch; Schwein; Genregulation; Wirtsspezifität; Heterotransplantation (1)
- Endogenous RNA-Polymerase (1)
- Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) (1)
- Endoluminal (1)
- Endometrial cancer (1)
- Endometrial carcinoma (1)
- Endometriome (1)
- Endometriose (1)
- Endomicroscopy (1)
- Endométriomes (1)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- Endoprothese (1)
- Endorectal (1)
- Endoscopic coronary revascularisation (1)
- Endoscopic papillotomy (1)
- Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (1)
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (1)
- Endoscopic sphincterotomy (1)
- Endoscopic treatment (1)
- Endoskopie (1)
- Endoskopik koroner revaskülarizasyon (1)
- Endothelial (1)
- Endothelial cell (1)
- Endothelial cell (EC) (1)
- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Endothelial progenitor cells (1)
- Endothelial protein C receptor (1)
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- Endotheliale Stickstoffmonoxidsynthase (1)
- Endothelzelle (1)
- Endotoxikose (1)
- Endotoxinaktivität (1)
- Endotoxins (1)
- Endourologie (1)
- Endovascular aortic repair (1)
- Endovaskuläre Versorgung (1)
- Endpoint Urea determination (1)
- Endpoints (1)
- Endpunkt-Harnstoffbestimmung (1)
- Endurance training (1)
- Energiebedarf (1)
- Energiedefizit (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy deficit (1)
- Energy-efficiency (1)
- Enfermedades crónicas (1)
- England (1)
- Engraftment (1)
- Enteral nutrition (1)
- Enteric nervous system (1)
- Enterobacterales (1)
- Enterostomy (1)
- Enterostomy closure (1)
- Enterostomy formation (1)
- Enterovirus 71 (1)
- Entfernung (1)
- Entorhinal cortex lesion (1)
- Entrenamiento práctico (1)
- Entscheidungsfindung (1)
- Entsäuerung (1)
- Entwicklungsbiologie (1)
- Env (1)
- EnvZ signalling (1)
- Envenomation (1)
- Environmental biotechnology (1)
- Environmental chemistry (1)
- Environmental enrichment (1)
- Environmental health (1)
- Environmental impacts (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Enzephalopathie (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzymaktivität (1)
- Enzymatic activity (1)
- Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (1)
- Enzyme kinetics (1)
- Enzyme mechanisms (1)
- Enzyme regulation (1)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1)
- Enzymkinetik (1)
- Enzymtherapie (1)
- Eosinophilie (1)
- Eosinophils (1)
- EpCAM positive tumor (1)
- Eph receptors (1)
- Ephrin ligand (1)
- Ephrin-B2–EphB4 (1)
- Epidemic (1)
- Epidemie (1)
- Epidemiological data (1)
- Epidemiological statistics (1)
- Epidemiologische Surveillance (1)
- Epidermaler Wachstumsfaktor Rezeptor (1)
- Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (1)
- Epidural abscess (1)
- Epidural block (1)
- Epilepsiechirurgie (1)
- Epilepsiezentren (1)
- Epilepsy Acute seizure plan Antiseizure medication Instructions for action Self-management (1)
- Epilepsy center (1)
- Epilepsy centers (1)
- Epilepsy surgery (1)
- Epileptic seizure (1)
- Epithel (1)
- Epithelial cells (1)
- Epithelialization (1)
- Epithelioma Cells (1)
- Epsilon (1)
- Epstein–Barr virus (1)
- Equality (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Eradication (1)
- ErbB-signaling (1)
- ErbB2; Single-chain Fv Antikörper (1)
- Erblichkeit (1)
- Erdnussallergie (1)
- Ereignis (1)
- Ereigniskorrelierte Felder (1)
- Erfolgsfaktoren (1)
- Ergebnisquantifizierung (1)
- Ergometrie (1)
- Ergometry (1)
- Ergonomic analysis (1)
- Ergonomie am Arbeitsplatz (1)
- Ergonomische Analyse (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Erprobung (1)
- Erregernachweis (1)
- Erregerspektrum der Tonsillitis (1)
- Erschöpfung (1)
- Erste Hilfe (1)
- Erste-Hilfe-Kurs (1)
- Erwachsener, 50-65 Jahre (1)
- Erythema migrans (1)
- Erythematodes (1)
- Erythrocytes (1)
- Erythrophagocytosis (1)
- Erythropoetin (1)
- Erythropoiesis (1)
- Erythropoietin (1)
- Erythrozytenkonzentrat (1)
- Erythrozytentransfusion (1)
- Erzähltheorie (1)
- Erzählung (1)
- Escala de TEPT administrada por un médico (1)
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma (1)
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (1)
- Esophagectomy (1)
- Esophagogastric (1)
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (1)
- Estimation of height and sex determination (1)
- Estradiol (1)
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators (1)
- Etanercept (1)
- Ether (1)
- Ethics Committees/Consultation (1)
- Ethik (1)
- Ethnicity (1)
- Ethnische Gruppe (1)
- Ethno-ophiology (1)
- Ethnobotany (1)
- Ethnologische Studie (1)
- Eugenik (1)
- European Comparison (1)
- European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) (1)
- European babesiosis (1)
- European registry for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (eurIPFreg) (1)
- Europäische Integration (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Euthanasie (1)
- Euthymic phase (1)
- Evaluation in microsurgery (1)
- Evaluationspraxis (1)
- Event related potentials (1)
- Event-related potential (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Everolimus resistance (1)
- Evidence-based drug discovery (1)
- Evidence-based guidelines (1)
- Evidenzbasiert (1)
- Evidenzbasierung (1)
- Evolutionary biology (1)
- Ewing-like (1)
- Exacerbations (1)
- Examination questions (1)
- Exchange PAINT (1)
- Excitability (1)
- Executive function (1)
- Exemestane (1)
- Exercise Metabolism (1)
- Exercise challenge (1)
- Exercise challenge at an ambient temperature (1)
- Exercise challenge in a cold chamber (1)
- Exercise testing (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Exercise training (1)
- Exercise-induced asthma (1)
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (1)
- Exertional angina and myocardial perfusion (1)
- Exhaled nitric oxide (1)
- Exitrons (1)
- Exoscope (1)
- Exosomal cytokines (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Expectation violation (1)
- Expedition (1)
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1)
- Expert Systems (1)
- Expertensysteme (1)
- Explicit (1)
- Explorative Data Analysis (1)
- Explorative Datenanalyse (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Expression (1)
- Extended Glasgow outcome scale (eGOS) (1)
- Extension study (1)
- External beam radiotherapy (1)
- External load (1)
- External-/self-assessment (1)
- Extinction (1)
- Extracellular RNA (1)
- Extracellular RNA (eRNA) (1)
- Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (1)
- Extracorporeal circulation (1)
- Extracorporeal devices (1)
- Extracorporeal life support (1)
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1)
- Extracorporeal purification (1)
- Extrakorporale Dialyse (1)
- Extrakorporaler Kreislauf (1)
- Extraprostatic (1)
- Extreme hypo-fractionation (1)
- Exudates and transudates (1)
- Eye diseases (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- EyesiNet (1)
- Ezrin (1)
- F 63.8 (1)
- F4/80 (1)
- F508del homozygous (1)
- FAAM (1)
- FABP (1)
- FAIRE-Seq (1)
- FAK (1)
- FAM134 (1)
- FAM134B (1)
- FAP (1)
- FAPI PET (1)
- FAV00A (1)
- FBK-R23 (1)
- FDG-PET/CT (1)
- FDM (1)
- FECD (1)
- FET (1)
- FF-ATP synthase dimer (1)
- FFF (1)
- FFP3 respirator (1)
- FHIR Search (1)
- FIB-4 (1)
- FIV (1)
- FK506 binding protein (1)
- FLT3 (1)
- FOLFIRI (1)
- FOXO1 (1)
- FOXO3 (1)
- FOXO3a (1)
- FPR (1)
- FREEDOM (1)
- FRET imaging (1)
- FSME-Virus (1)
- FSS (1)
- FTMT (1)
- FX06 (1)
- FXR (1)
- Face masks (1)
- Facet joint osteoarthritis (1)
- Facial nerve (1)
- Factor H (1)
- Factor analysis (1)
- FactorXIII Val34Leu polymorphism (1)
- Faculty Development (1)
- Faktor V Leiden Mutation (1)
- Faktor XIII Val34Leu Polymorphismus (1)
- Faktorstruktur (1)
- Falciparum (1)
- Fall (1)
- Fall Leipzig (Kind Knauer) (1)
- Fall risk (1)
- Fallbeispiele (1)
- Falls (1)
- Familiarity (1)
- Familienanamnese (1)
- Family Physician (1)
- Famines (1)
- Farbmuster (1)
- Farbstoff (1)
- Farbwirkung (1)
- Fascia (1)
- Fasciculus arcuatus (1)
- Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (1)
- Fast-track (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fatiguesyndrom (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fc receptor (1)
- Fear conditioning (1)
- Fear of falling (1)
- Fear of infection (1)
- Fear-invoking (1)
- Fearminimising (1)
- Feasibility studies (1)
- Feature tracking (1)
- Fechner, Gustav Theodor (1)
- Fehler (1)
- Fehlerberichtssystem (1)
- Fehlerberichtssysteme (1)
- Fehlerverhütung (1)
- Fehlstatik (1)
- Feinstaub (1)
- Feline bartonellosis (1)
- FemNAT-CD (1)
- Female (1)
- Female adolescents (1)
- Female subjects (1)
- Females (1)
- Feminismus (1)
- Femoral neck (1)
- Fendrr (1)
- Fenofibrate (1)
- Ferritinophagy (1)
- Ferroptose (1)
- Ferroptosis (1)
- Fertigkeit (1)
- Fertigkeiten (1)
- Fertility counseling (1)
- Fetal bovine serum (1)
- Fetal heart (1)
- Fettleber (1)
- Fever (1)
- Fevers (1)
- Fibertracking (1)
- Fibrinolytic (1)
- FibroMax (1)
- FibroScan (1)
- Fibroblast (1)
- Fibroblast growth factor (1)
- Fibromyalgia (1)
- Fibrose (1)
- Fibrotest (1)
- Fibrous dysplasia (1)
- Fibulin-4 (1)
- Fibulin-5 (1)
- Ficus carica (1)
- Fieberhafter Harnwegsinfekt (1)
- Field of View (1)
- Field study (1)
- Filariasis (1)
- Filariosis (1)
- Filgrastim (1)
- Filler (1)
- Filovirus cell entry; attachment factors redundancy; SH-SY5Y cell line; host–pathogen interactions (1)
- Filtermembranmethode (1)
- Finevo (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- First experience with patients (1)
- First site of metastatic disease (1)
- First-line combination antiretroviral therapy (1)
- First-line regimen (1)
- Fitness (1)
- Fitnesscenter (1)
- Five-Konzept (1)
- Flaubert, Bouvard und Pécuchet (1)
- Flavin mononucleotide (1)
- Flavivirus (1)
- Flavonoide (1)
- Fleas (1)
- FlexTouch (1)
- Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (1)
- Flexur (1)
- Flowzytometrie (1)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometer (1)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Flugzeitspektrometrie (1)
- Fluid overload (1)
- Fluid therapy (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) (1)
- Fluoreszein (1)
- Flüchtlinge (1)
- Flüssigkeitsbeatmung (1)
- Foam rolling (1)
- Focal Adhesion Kinase (1)
- Focal onset seizure (1)
- Folgeerkrankungen (1)
- Folic acid (1)
- Follicular lymphoma (1)
- Follow-up (1)
- Follow-ups (1)
- Fondaparinux (1)
- Food and Drug Administration (1)
- Food and beverage precautions (1)
- Food effects (1)
- Foramen ovale (1)
- Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (1)
- Forensic anthropology (1)
- Forensic examination (1)
- Forensic experts (1)
- Forensic osteology (1)
- Forensic pathology (1)
- Forensics (1)
- Forensische Anthropologie (1)
- Forkhead box (1)
- Formation dance (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Forschungspraxisnetz (1)
- Fortpflanzung (1)
- Foxp1 (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fracture models (1)
- Fracture risk (1)
- Fracture type (1)
- Fragebogenentwicklung (1)
- Frameshift (1)
- Francisella tularensis (1)
- Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica (1)
- Frankfurt / Zentrum der Rechtsmedizin (1)
- Frankfurt <Main, 1998> (1)
- Frankfurt <Main, Region> (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Carolinum, Zentrum der Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Geographische Gesellschaft (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Klinikum (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Neurologisches Institut Frankfurt <Main> (1)
- Frankfurt am Main, Universität (1)
- Frankfurt am Main, Universitätsmedizin (1)
- Frankfurt microsurgery course (1)
- Frankfurt, Anatomie (1)
- Frankfurt, Universität (1)
- Frankfurt, Universität, Seminar für Geschichte der Medizin (1)
- Frankfurt, Universitätsmedizin 1933-1945 (1)
- Frankincense (1)
- Frauen (1)
- Frauenkrankheit (1)
- Free energy (1)
- Freezing and thawing (1)
- Freibad (1)
- Freiburg im Breisgau <2009> (1)
- Freie Atmung (1)
- Freies Malen mit Alzheimer Kranken (1)
- Fresh frozen plasma (1)
- Freud und die Psychoanalyse (1)
- Frontobasal (1)
- Frontotemporal dementia (1)
- Fruit fly (1)
- Frühgeborenes (1)
- Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis (1)
- Fuctional connectivity (1)
- Fukushima (1)
- Functional ankle instability (1)
- Functional aspects of cell biology (1)
- Functional capacity (1)
- Functional genomics (1)
- Functional mitral regurgitation (1)
- Functional outcome (1)
- Functional outcomes (1)
- Functionally-impaired elderly (1)
- Fungemia/diagnosis (1)
- FungiScope® registry (1)
- Fungämie/Diagnostik (1)
- Funktionelle Bildgebung (1)
- Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (1)
- Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (1)
- Funktionsdefizite (1)
- Funktionsmorphologie (1)
- Further education (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusion Proteins, BCR-ABL (1)
- Fusion proteins (1)
- Fédération Internationale de Médicine du Sport (FIMS) (1)
- Füllungswerkstoff (1)
- G alpha q (1)
- G protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G-protein (1)
- G-protein coupled receptor (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- G-quadruplex binders (1)
- G/P (1)
- G207 (1)
- G2A receptor (1)
- G3BP (1)
- G3BP1 (1)
- G9a/EHMT2/KMT1C (1)
- GABAergic interneurons (1)
- GABAergic synapse (1)
- GCH1 (1)
- GCN (1)
- GC–MS (1)
- GD2 (1)
- GDF11 (1)
- GFR (1)
- GHQ-28 (1)
- GI pH (1)
- GI solubility (1)
- GIIb/IIIa-receptor (1)
- GILZ (1)
- GIRD (1)
- GLA deficiency (1)
- GLI inhibitors (1)
- GLUT1 (1)
- GLUT2 (1)
- GLUT3 (1)
- GM-CSF (1)
- GMP (1)
- GPR4 (1)
- GPRO (1)
- GPVI (1)
- GRADE (1)
- GRAND-SLAM (1)
- GRK2 (1)
- GRX1-roGFP2 (1)
- GSH (1)
- GSK2334470 (1)
- GSK3α (1)
- GSK3β (1)
- GTP cyclohydrolase (1)
- GTPCH1 (1)
- GVHD (1)
- GVL (1)
- Gaba (1)
- Gadopentate dimeglumine (1)
- Gads (1)
- Galenus (1)
- Gallbladder percutaneous drainage (1)
- Gallengangsstenose (1)
- Gallensäurederivate (1)
- Galleria mellonella (1)
- Galvano (1)
- Games (1)
- Gaming Disorder (1)
- Gamma-Band Activity (1)
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (1)
- Ganganalyse (1)
- Ganglionic (1)
- Gangstörung (1)
- Ganzheitsbezogenheit (1)
- Ganzheitsmedizin (1)
- Gan–Dou–Fu–Mu decoction (GDFMD) (1)
- Gap junctions (1)
- Gas gangrene (1)
- Gastric adenoma (1)
- Gastric motility (1)
- Gastrocnemius muscles (1)
- Gastroenterology (1)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (1)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (1)
- Gastrointestinal (1)
- Gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- Gastrointestinal neoplasm (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gastrointestinaltrakt (1)
- Gaucher disease type III (1)
- Gaucher’s disease (1)
- Gaussian graphical models (1)
- Gebärmutterhalskrebs (1)
- Gedächtnisbelastung (1)
- Gedächtnistraining (1)
- Gefäßinflammation (1)
- Gefäßtonus (1)
- Gegenübertragung (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gehörlosigkeit (1)
- Gelastic seizures (1)
- Gelastische Anfälle (1)
- Gemcitabine (1)
- Gemifloxacin (1)
- Genamplifikation (1)
- Genanalyse (1)
- Genauigkeit (1)
- Gender Gap (1)
- Gender analysis (1)
- Gender equality (1)
- Gender gap (1)
- Gene Polymorphism (1)
- Gene Transfer (1)
- Gene engineering (1)
- Gene expression prediction (1)
- Gene microarray analysis (1)
- Gene polymorphism (1)
- Gene prediction (1)
- Gene regulatory networks (1)
- Gene sequencing (1)
- Gene set analysis (1)
- Gene-Amplification (1)
- Gene-protein assay (1)
- Gene/Regulation (1)
- GeneMANIA (1)
- General Practitioner (1)
- General clinical cardiology (1)
- General cognitive ability (1)
- General dental practice (1)
- General practice/family medicine (1)
- General practitioner (1)
- Generalized procrustes analysis (1)
- Generation Y (1)
- Generation of reports on special findings in laboratory medicine (1)
- Generic drugs (1)
- Genetic causes of cancer (1)
- Genetic heart disease (1)
- Genetic loci (1)
- Genetic networks (1)
- Genetic syndromes (1)
- Genetic techniques (1)
- Genetic transduction (1)
- Genfamilie (1)
- Genitalverstümmelung (1)
- Genklonierung (1)
- Genome annotation (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Genome-wide association study (1)
- Genomic instability (1)
- Genomic medicine (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- Genu valgum (1)
- Geoffrey Burnstock (1)
- Geographical disparities (1)
- Geriatrics (1)
- Geriatrie (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor IX (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor VIII (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor XIII (1)
- Germ aversion (1)
- German PID-NET registry (1)
- German Society of Surgery (1)
- Gerontologic legal medicine (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Gerontologische Rechtsmedizin (1)
- Gerontology (1)
- Gesamteiweißbestimmung im Harn (1)
- Gesang (1)
- Geschichte 1663-1748 (1)
- Geschichte 1700-1800 (1)
- Geschichte 1847-1970 (1)
- Geschichte 1867 (1)
- Geschichte 1878 (1)
- Geschichte 1906-1907 (1)
- Geschichte 1914-2014 (1)
- Geschichte 1930-1940 (1)
- Geschichte 1933-1945 (1)
- Geschichte 1938 (1)
- Geschichte 1939-1940 (1)
- Geschichte 1960-1986 (1)
- Geschichte 1972-2002 (1)
- Geschichte 1973-1998 (1)
- Geschichte der Medizin Frankfurt (1)
- Geschichte der Pharmazie (1)
- Geschlechterdisparitäten (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Geschlechtsdysphorie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (1)
- Geschlechtsidentitätsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsvariation (1)
- Gesellschaftsbild (1)
- Gesetzentwurf (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Gesicht <Motiv> (1)
- Gestagen-Monopräparate (1)
- Gestaltwahrnehmung (1)
- Gestational age (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Gestationshyperthyreose (1)
- Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit (1)
- Gesundheitsamt (1)
- Gesundheitsberichterstattung (1)
- Gesundheitsbildung (1)
- Gesundheitskommunikation (1)
- Gesundheitspersonal (1)
- Gesundheitspolitische Zuständigkeit (1)
- Gesundheitsverhalten (1)
- Gesundheitsversorgungseinrichtungen (1)
- Gesundheitswirtschaft (1)
- Gesundheitswissenschaften (1)
- Get Pathway (1)
- Gewebe-Sauerstoffpartialdruck (1)
- Gewebesauerstoffpartialdruck (1)
- Giant lymph node hyperplasia (1)
- Giftgas (Lost) (1)
- Gimbaled tracking (1)
- Ginkgo biloba (1)
- Ginkgobaum (1)
- Girdlestone (1)
- Glabella (1)
- Gleason Grade Group (1)
- Gleason Grade group (1)
- Gleason Score (1)
- Gleason grade group (1)
- Gleason upgrading (1)
- Glia Maturation Factor (1)
- Glioblastoma survival (1)
- Gliom (1)
- Glivec® (1)
- Global Alignment (1)
- Global Health (1)
- Global Health Ethics (1)
- Global Justice (1)
- Global networking (1)
- Global protein synthesis rates (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (1)
- Glomerular diseases (1)
- Glomerulonephritis (1)
- Glomerulosclerosis (1)
- Glomerulus (1)
- Glucocorticoids (1)
- Glucose Transporter Type 1 (1)
- Glucose tolerance test (1)
- Glucosetoleranztest (1)
- Glukose (1)
- Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- Glycinrezeptor (1)
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (1)
- Glycosphingolipids (1)
- Glyoxalase I (1)
- Glücksspielstörung (1)
- Goal-oriented care (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gonarthrose (1)
- Goserelin (1)
- Gradient boosting (1)
- Grading (1)
- Grado en medicina (1)
- Graft (1)
- Graft function (1)
- Graft quality (1)
- Graft survival (1)
- Gram negative bacteria (1)
- Gram-negative bacteria (1)
- Gram-positive Bakterien ; Linezolid ; Arzneimittelresistenz (1)
- Gram-positive Bakterien ; Moxifloxacin ; Arzneimittelresistenz (1)
- Gram-positive infection (1)
- Grammatical Aspect (1)
- Grammatik (1)
- Granger causality (1)
- Granule cell (1)
- Granulocytes (1)
- Graph database (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Graphical LASSO (1)
- Grass pollen (1)
- Graves' (1)
- Graves’ disease (1)
- Gravimetric method (1)
- Gray matter (1)
- Gray matter volume (1)
- Graz <2013> (1)
- Greater tuberosity fractures (1)
- Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) (1)
- Green infrastructure (1)
- Greenhouse effect (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Grenzüberschreitung (1)
- Griechenland <Altertum> (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Groddeck, Georg (1)
- Groin pain (1)
- Gross tumor volume optimization (1)
- Grossesse (1)
- Growth cone (1)
- Growth factor (1)
- Growth factor signalling (1)
- Großhirnrinde (1)
- Grundschule (1)
- Grüne Meerkatze ; Immundefekt ; Virusinfektion ; Resistenz (1)
- Guanylatzyklasen (1)
- Guanylyl cyclases (1)
- Guidance (1)
- Guide profession (1)
- Guided bone regeneration (GBR) (1)
- Guided surgery (1)
- Guided tissue regeneration (1)
- Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) (1)
- Guideline adherence (1)
- Guideline-based treatment (1)
- Guiding growth (1)
- Guinea-Bissau (1)
- Gut (1)
- Gut bacteria (1)
- Gut-liver-axis (1)
- GvHD (1)
- GvL (1)
- Gynäkologie (1)
- Gyrasehemmer (1)
- Görden, Anstalt (1)
- Götter (1)
- Güntz, Eduard (1)
- Gütt, Arthur (1)
- H-Index (1)
- H/M ratio (1)
- H3 receptor (1)
- H5N1 (1)
- HACA (1)
- HADS (1)
- HAEGARDA (1)
- HAI‐1 (1)
- HARS2 (1)
- HBV filaments (1)
- HBV genotypes (1)
- HBV reactivation (1)
- HBV surface protein (1)
- HCC marker (1)
- HCC recurrence (1)
- HCMV-Retinitis (1)
- HCV treatment (1)
- HCV-Core-Antigen (1)
- HDAC and BET inhibitor (1)
- HDAC inhibition (1)
- HDAC inhibitor (1)
- HDAC-inhibition (1)
- HDAC4 (1)
- HDR-Brachytherapie (1)
- HDR-brachytherapy (1)
- HEOR (1)
- HER2 c-erbB2 (1)
- HER2-positive (1)
- HER2/neu (ERBB2) (1)
- HERV (1)
- HEUS (1)
- HEV (1)
- HFrEF (1)
- HGF (1)
- HH (1)
- HHUSD (1)
- HHV-8 (1)
- HIBCPP cells (1)
- HIF-1 (1)
- HIF-1α (1)
- HIF-2 (1)
- HIF-2α (1)
- HIF-2α, erythropoietin (1)
- HIF1α (1)
- HIFT (1)
- HIFU (1)
- HILI (1)
- HIPPO signalling (1)
- HIT (1)
- HIV ; Genetische Variabilität ; Immunoassay (1)
- HIV Humanized Mice (1)
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (1)
- HIV prevention technologies (1)
- HIV serodiagnosis (1)
- HIV therapy (1)
- HIV-1 Genotypisierung (1)
- HIV-1 escape restriction (1)
- HIV-1 genotyping (1)
- HIV-Antigen-Test (1)
- HIV-Antikörper (1)
- HIV-Infektionen (1)
- HIV-Infizierter (1)
- HIV-RNA (1)
- HIV-antibodies (1)
- HIV-infected patient (1)
- HIV-infection (1)
- HLA DQ haplotypes (1)
- HLA DQB1 (1)
- HLA antibodies (1)
- HLA class I loss (1)
- HLA class II (1)
- HLA peptidome (1)
- HLHS (1)
- HMA (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- HNPCC (1)
- HODE (1)
- HOLEP (1)
- HOSO (1)
- HOTAIR (1)
- HOXA profile (1)
- HOXB4 (1)
- HPO (1)
- HPV infection (1)
- HPV-positive OPSCC (1)
- HRAS 28 Gefitinib (1)
- HRCT (1)
- HRV (1)
- HRas (1)
- HSC (1)
- HSP (hereditary spastic paraplegia) (1)
- HSP90 inhibitors (1)
- HSPC (1)
- HSV type specific antibodies (1)
- HSV-2 (1)
- HSV-typenspezifische Antikörper (1)
- HT22 neurons (1)
- HVPG (1)
- Haaranalyse (1)
- Habits (1)
- Hadamar (1)
- Haematocrit (1)
- Haematologic diseases (1)
- Haematoma expansion (1)
- Haematopoietic stem cells (1)
- Haemodialysis (1)
- Haemodynamic monitoring (1)
- Haemophilia (1)
- Haemophilie A (1)
- Haemostatics (1)
- Hals (1)
- Hamburg <2014> (1)
- Hand-foot syndrome (1)
- Handlungsanweisungen (1)
- Hantavirus (1)
- Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (1)
- Haplotypes (1)
- Hard-tissue trauma (1)
- Hard-to-reach population (1)
- Hardware erosion (1)
- Harnsteinanalyse (1)
- Harnsteinkomponenten (1)
- Hashimoto (1)
- Hashimoto Thyreoiditis (1)
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (1)
- Hautbarriere (1)
- Hautlokalisation (1)
- Hautoberflächentemperatur (1)
- Hawaii Department of Health (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- HbA1c (1)
- Head and neck Cancer (1)
- Head bandage (1)
- Head injury (1)
- Head neck cancer (1)
- Health Communication (1)
- Health Policy (1)
- Health Systems (1)
- Health care access (1)
- Health care resource utilization (1)
- Health care sector (1)
- Health care structures (1)
- Health education and awareness (1)
- Health facilities (1)
- Health information (1)
- Health literacy (1)
- Health personnel (1)
- Health research (1)
- Health risk analysis (1)
- Health sciences (1)
- Health services research [MeSH] (1)
- Health surveys (1)
- Health technology assessment (1)
- Health workforce governance (1)
- Health-related quality of life (1)
- Health-seeking behaviour (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Healthcare resource utilisation (1)
- Healthcare structure (1)
- Healthy Living Index (HLI) (1)
- Healthy men (1)
- Healthy stem cell donors (1)
- Health‐related quality of life (1)
- Health‑related quality of life (1)
- Heart defects (1)
- Heart regeneration (1)
- Heartrate (1)
- Heat Shock Protein (HSP) (1)
- Heat pain (1)
- Heat shock protein 27 (1)
- Hebbian plasticity (1)
- Heben (1)
- Hedgehog (1)
- Hedgehog pathway (1)
- Heiler (1)
- Heilung (1)
- Heimtraining (1)
- Heinz-Jürgen Voss (1)
- Helpline (1)
- Hemagglutination inhibition assay (1)
- Hematocrit value (1)
- Hematologic adverse events (1)
- Hematoma (1)
- Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cell (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cells (1)
- Hematotoxicity (1)
- Hematoxylin staining (1)
- Heme-Oxygenase 1 (1)
- Hemikraniektomie (1)
- Hemispheric specialization (1)
- Hemobilia (1)
- Hemodialyse (1)
- Hemodilution (1)
- Hemodynamic management (1)
- Hemoglobin (1)
- Hemophilia A (1)
- Hemorrhagic shock (1)
- Hemosiderin (1)
- Hemostasis (1)
- Hemostatics (1)
- HepG2 Zellen (1)
- Heparan Sulfate (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Heparinsensitivität (1)
- Hepatectomy (1)
- Hepatic encephalopathy (1)
- Hepatic stellate cell (1)
- Hepatitis B Antibodies/serum (1)
- Hepatitis B Core-Antigene/Immunologie (1)
- Hepatitis B infection (1)
- Hepatitis B vaccination (1)
- Hepatitis B-Antikörper/Serum (1)
- Hepatitis B-Core-Antigens-immunology (1)
- Hepatitis C antibodies (1)
- Hepatitis C antigens (1)
- Hepatitis C, Chronic (1)
- Hepatitis C-Virus (HCV) (1)
- Hepatitis C; DNA (1)
- Hepatitis G virus (1)
- Hepatitis G-Virus (1)
- Hepatitis c (1)
- Hepatitis, Chronic Active/diagnosis (1)
- Hepatoblastom (1)
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1)
- Hepatocytes (1)
- Heptazelluläres Karzinom (1)
- Her2-neu (1)
- Herafill (1)
- Herbal medicine (1)
- Herbalife (1)
- Herbalife products (1)
- Herbs (1)
- Herbs induced liver injury (1)
- Herd immunity (1)
- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (1)
- Hereditary breast cancer (1)
- Hereditary ovarian cancer (1)
- Hereditäre Thrombophilie (1)
- Heregulin (1)
- Hernia recurrence (1)
- Hernia surgery (1)
- Herniated disk (1)
- Herpe-Viren (1)
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) (1)
- Herpes Simplex Virus/isolation and purification . (1)
- Herpes genitalis (1)
- Herpes simplex (1)
- Herpes simplex Virus Typ 1 (1)
- Herpes simplex Virus Typ 2 (1)
- Herpes simplex Virus/Isolierung und Anreicherung (1)
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (1)
- Herpes simplex virus type 2 (1)
- Herpes virus (1)
- Herpesvirus 1, Humanes (1)
- Herpesvirus 2, Human (1)
- Herpesvirus 2, Humanes (1)
- Herpesvirus1, Human (1)
- Herz-Kreislauffunktion (1)
- Herzchirurgie (1)
- Herzindex (1)
- Herzkatheteruntersuchung (1)
- Heterologous prime-boost (1)
- Heterotopic pregnancy (1)
- Heterozyklen (1)
- Heuristik (1)
- Hexavalent vaccine (1)
- HhAntag (1)
- HiC (1)
- HiChIP (1)
- Hidradenitis suppurativa (1)
- Hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling (1)
- Hif-1 alpha (1)
- Hif1α (1)
- Hig1 (1)
- High altitude (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography (1)
- High radon areas (1)
- High-dose chemotherapy (1)
- High-income countries (1)
- High-intensity interval endurance training (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-risk cardiac surgery (1)
- High-risk patient (1)
- High-risk prostate cancer (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Highly infectious diseases (1)
- Highwire (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindu Kush Himalayas (1)
- Hip (1)
- Hip hemiarthroplasty (1)
- Hip revision (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Hippocampal excitability (1)
- Hippocampal subfields (1)
- Hippocampal volume (1)
- Hippokrates, Asteroid (1)
- Hirnmetastasen (1)
- Hirnverletzung (1)
- Hirschsprung disease (1)
- Hirt, August (1)
- Hispanic people (1)
- Hispanic–Latino race/ethnicity (1)
- Histological analysis (1)
- Histone post-translational modifications (1)
- Histonmethylierung (1)
- Histoplasma qPCR (1)
- History (1)
- History of medicine (1)
- Hitachi 705 (1)
- HlV-Infections (1)
- Hmox1 (1)
- Hochansteckende Krankheiten (1)
- Hochdurchsatz (1)
- Hochfrequenz-Katheterablation (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hodgkin-Lymphom (1)
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1)
- Holmium laser enucleation (1)
- Holzhausen (1)
- Home Care Services [MeSH] (1)
- Homeostatic plasticity (1)
- Hometraining (1)
- Homicide-suicide (1)
- Homizid-Suizid (1)
- Homocysteine (1)
- Homogener Enzym Immunoassay (1)
- Homogenous enzymatic immunoassay (1)
- Homonationalismus (1)
- Honolulu Queen’s Medical Center (1)
- Hormonal (1)
- Hormone (1)
- Hormone de régression müllérienne (1)
- Hormone receptor positive breast cancer (1)
- Hormonelle Kontrazeptiva (1)
- Hormones thyroïdiennes (1)
- Horner's syndrome (1)
- Horner-Emmons-Reaktion (1)
- Hornhauttransplantation (1)
- Horses (1)
- Hospital Governance (1)
- Hospital case volume (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Hospitalizations (1)
- Host-directed therapies (1)
- Host-targeting agents (HTAs) (1)
- Hounsfield units (1)
- Hounsfieldeinheit (1)
- House dust mite allergy (1)
- Household contacts (1)
- Hrvaška (1)
- Hsp70 (1)
- Hsp90 inhibitor (1)
- Huh7 (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1)
- Human chorionic villi mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- Human experimental pain models (1)
- Human health (1)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1)
- Human olfaction (1)
- Human pancreas (1)
- Human physiology (1)
- Human primary proximal tubular cells (1)
- Human prostate (1)
- Human retroelements (1)
- Human visual cortex (1)
- Human well-being (1)
- Humangenetik (1)
- Humankapital (1)
- Humans (1)
- Humanwissenschaften (1)
- Humeral fractures (1)
- Humerus (1)
- Humerus fracture (1)
- Humerusfraktur (1)
- Hungary (1)
- Huntington (1)
- Hyaluronan (1)
- Hydratation der Epidermis (1)
- Hydrocephalus (1)
- Hydrocortison (1)
- Hydrocortisone (1)
- Hydrodynamik (1)
- Hydrofluoric acid (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydromineral (1)
- Hydroxyapatite (1)
- Hydroxychloroquine (1)
- Hydroxycut (1)
- Hydroxyethyl starch (1)
- Hydroxyurea (1)
- Hygienestandards (1)
- Hymenoptera venom allergy (1)
- Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (1)
- Hyperactivity (1)
- Hyperammonemic encephalopathy (1)
- Hyperbare Oxygenation (HBO) (1)
- Hypercholesterinämie (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- Hyperhidrosis axillaris (1)
- Hyperlipidemia (1)
- Hyperlipidämie (1)
- Hyperscanning (1)
- Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (1)
- Hypertext (1)
- Hyperthyroïdie gestationnelle (1)
- Hypofractionated radiotherapy (1)
- Hypokalzämie (1)
- Hyponatremia (1)
- Hypoparathyreoidismus (1)
- Hyposensibilisierung (1)
- Hypothyreose (1)
- Hypothyroïdie (1)
- Hypoxia inducible factor (1)
- Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alphal (1)
- Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (1)
- Hypoxic responses (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- Hysterektomie-Prävalenz (1)
- Häm-Oxygenase 1 (1)
- Hämatotoxizität (1)
- Hämodynamik Shunt (1)
- Hämophile Arthropathie (1)
- Hämophilie (1)
- Händehygiene (1)
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (1)
- Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung (1)
- Höhren (1)
- Hörscreening (1)
- Hüftgelenkprothese (1)
- I-FABP (1)
- I-PRF (1)
- IAP (1)
- IAP Proteins (1)
- IAP-IAP (1)
- ICAM-1 (1)
- ICG (1)
- ICH M13A draft guideline (1)
- ICL (1)
- ICL V4c (1)
- ICSD (1)
- ICSI (1)
- IDH1 inhibitor (1)
- IDO1 (1)
- IDT (1)
- IFA (1)
- IFN (1)
- IFN-y (1)
- IFN-β (1)
- IFN-γ expression (1)
- IFN-γ neutralization (1)
- IGF (1)
- IGF-1 (1)
- IGF1 (1)
- IGRA (1)
- IKKε (1)
- IL -17 (1)
- IL -23 (1)
- IL 23p19 knockout mouse (1)
- IL-11 (1)
- IL-13 (1)
- IL-15 (1)
- IL-17 (1)
- IL-17A (1)
- IL-18 (1)
- IL-18 binding protein (1)
- IL-18BP (1)
- IL-18BPa (1)
- IL-1b (1)
- IL-21 (1)
- IL-22 (1)
- IL-23 (1)
- IL-27 cytokine (1)
- IL-38 (1)
- IL-6 neutralization (1)
- IL10R (1)
- ILUVIEN (1)
- IMiD® (1)
- ING (1)
- INR (1)
- IOL scleral Fixation (1)
- IPEX (1)
- IPP (1)
- IPS (1)
- IPS e.max system (1)
- IPSS (1)
- IR (1)
- IRES translation (1)
- IRF-3 (1)
- IRIS (1)
- IRX1 (1)
- ISO (1)
- ISRS (1)
- ISS (1)
- ITGA7 (1)
- IUIS classification 2017 (1)
- IV iron (1)
- IVA interference tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- IVD (1)
- IVD degeneration (IVDD) (1)
- IVD directive (1)
- IVD-Richtlinie (1)
- IVDU (1)
- IVF (1)
- IVIV_E (1)
- IVUS (1)
- Iatrochemie (1)
- Iatrochemistry (1)
- Iatrogen (1)
- Iatrogenic (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Idarucizumab (1)
- Idelalisib (1)
- Identifier (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Identifizierung von Katastrophenopfern (1)
- Identity (1)
- Identität (1)
- Idiopathic pain (1)
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (1)
- Idiopathische Dystonie (1)
- Ig (sub)class-specific antibody determination (1)
- Ig- (sub)klassen-spezifische Antikörperbestimmung (1)
- IgA deficiency (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG (1)
- IgG substitution therapy (1)
- IgG4-related disease (1)
- IgGAM (1)
- IgM/Immunologie (1)
- IgM/immunology (1)
- Ileostomy (1)
- Illumina (1)
- Illustration (1)
- Image processing (computer-assisted) (1)
- Imagery (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Imaging genetics (1)
- Imaging in LGG (1)
- Imaging, three-dimensional (1)
- Imatinib (1)
- Imdevimab (1)
- Immediate loading (1)
- Immediate placement (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunbiology (1)
- Immune Complexes (1)
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- Immune complex vasculitis (1)
- Immune evasion (1)
- Immune paralysis (1)
- Immune receptor signaling (1)
- Immune response (1)
- Immune status (1)
- Immunfixations-Elektrophorese (1)
- Immunglobulinklassen und -subklassen (1)
- Immunhyperthyreose (1)
- Immunität (Medizin) (1)
- Immunitätsbeurteilung (1)
- Immunkompetenz (1)
- Immunkomplexe (1)
- Immunnephelometrie (1)
- Immunoassay (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunochemistry (1)
- Immunocompromised (1)
- Immunodeficiency (1)
- Immunofluoreszenz (1)
- Immunogenetics (1)
- Immunoglobulin Therapy (1)
- Immunoglobulin classes and -subclasses (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunohistochemistry techniques (1)
- Immunological techniques (1)
- Immunologie Methods (1)
- Immunologische Diagnostik (1)
- Immunology and Microbiology Section (1)
- Immunomagnetische Antikörper (1)
- Immunomodulation (1)
- Immunomodulatory agents (1)
- Immunomonitoring (1)
- Immunonephelometry (1)
- Immunophenotyping (1)
- Immunosenescence (1)
- Immunoseneszenz (1)
- Immunostaining (1)
- Immunosuppressive Agents (1)
- Immunosuppressive agents (1)
- Immunosuppressive therapy (1)
- Immunoturbidimetry (1)
- Immuno‑histochemistry (1)
- Immunreaktion (1)
- Immunrekonstitution (1)
- Impedanzaggregometrie (1)
- Impella (1)
- Impfkurs (1)
- Impfquoten (1)
- Implant osseointegration (1)
- Implant-supported bars (1)
- Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (1)
- Implantat (1)
- Implantatverfahren (1)
- Implementación (1)
- Implicit (1)
- Implicit Processing (1)
- Implicit Association Test (1)
- Implicit motives (1)
- Impoverishment (1)
- Impräzision (1)
- Impulse control (1)
- Impulse generator (1)
- Imrt (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ hybridization (1)
- In vitro wound models (1)
- In vivo electrophysiology (1)
- In-ASK Studie (1)
- In-Hospital Emergencies (1)
- In-TIPS thrombosis (1)
- In-hospital cardiac arrest (1)
- In-line filtration (1)
- In-vitro-Kultur (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Inactivation (1)
- IncL (1)
- IncX (1)
- Incident reporting system (1)
- Incidental prostate cancer (1)
- Incomplete colonoscopy (1)
- Incontinence (1)
- Independent component analysis (1)
- Independent laboratories (1)
- Indeterminate biliary stricture (1)
- Index (1)
- India (1)
- Indication (1)
- Indication for fertility preservation (1)
- Indirect costs (1)
- Indirect treatment comparison (ITC) (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Individualisierung des Studiums (1)
- Individualized intervention (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Individuelle Studienbegleitung (1)
- Indocyanine green (1)
- Indoles (1)
- Indoor air pollution (1)
- Induced membrane technique (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Induced sputum (1)
- Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1)
- Induction therapy (1)
- Induratio penis plastica (1)
- Inequality (1)
- Inertial motion capture (1)
- Infant (1)
- Infant leukemia (1)
- Infants (1)
- Infarction (1)
- Infectious disease (1)
- Infectious disease epidemiology (1)
- Infektionen (1)
- Infektionskrankheit (1)
- Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- Infektionsprophylaxe (1)
- Infektionsserologie (1)
- Inferior colliculus (1)
- Inferior vena cava thrombus (1)
- Infertilität (1)
- Inflammasome (1)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1)
- Inflammatory fibroid polyp (1)
- Inflammatory pain (1)
- Inflammatory pattern (1)
- Infliximab (1)
- Inflow obstruction (1)
- Influenza Virus (1)
- Influenza vaccination (1)
- Influenza virus (1)
- Information transfer (1)
- Informationstheorie (1)
- Informiertheit (1)
- Infrared Raman (1)
- Infrarot-A-Strahlung (IRA) (1)
- Infrarot-Ganzkörperhyperthermie (1)
- Infrarotspektroskopie (1)
- Infusion management (1)
- Inguinal hernia (1)
- Inguinal pain (1)
- Inherited arrhythmic syndrome (1)
- Injection therapy (1)
- Injektionstherapie (1)
- Injury Severity Score (ISS) (1)
- Innate immune system (1)
- Inner ear therapy (1)
- Inpatient hospital cases (1)
- Inpatients (1)
- Insekten (1)
- Instructions for action (1)
- Insula (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Insulin secretion (1)
- Insulin therapy (1)
- Insulintherapie (1)
- Integrated Pulmonary Index (1)
- Integrated multimodal training (1)
- Integrationsversorgung/integrierte ambulante Versorgung (1)
- Integrative Network Analysis (1)
- Intelligence tests (1)
- Intensive care outcome (1)
- Intensive care unit (1)
- Intensivmedizin (1)
- Intensivpatient (1)
- Intention attribution (1)
- Inter-areal coherence (1)
- Inter-study reproducibility (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interaktionsdatenbanken (1)
- Interferon alpha (1)
- Interferon response (1)
- Interferon-free (1)
- Interferon-free HCV treatment (1)
- Interferon-frei (1)
- Interferon-α (1)
- Interferon-λ, (1)
- Interferonfrei (1)
- Interferons (1)
- Interleukin-10 (1)
- Interleukin-17A (1)
- Interleukin-18 (1)
- Interleukin-18 binding protein (1)
- Interleukin-22 binding protein (1)
- Interleukin-36 (1)
- Interleukine (1)
- Intermediate filaments (1)
- Intermediate-risk (1)
- Internal load (1)
- International body passport (1)
- International normalized ratio (1)
- Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (1)
- Internationaler Vergleich (1)
- Internationaler Wettbewerb (1)
- Internet (1)
- Internet Gaming Disorder (1)
- Internet gaming disorder (1)
- Internet technology (1)
- Internet use disorders (1)
- Internet-based therapy (1)
- Internetabhängigkeit (1)
- Internetbezogene Störungen (1)
- Internettechnologie (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interposition (1)
- Interpretation Bias (1)
- Interrater Reliability (1)
- Interraterreliabilität (1)
- Intersectoral care (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) (1)
- Interstitial pneumonia (1)
- Intervention development (1)
- Interventional Trials (1)
- Interventional cardiology (1)
- Interventional oncological treatment (1)
- Intervertebral disc degeneration (1)
- Intervertebral disc displacement (1)
- Interview (1)
- Interviews (1)
- Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (1)
- Intestinal fistula (1)
- Intestinal metaplasia (1)
- Intestinal neoplasms (1)
- Intestinale bakterielle Fehlbesiedelung (1)
- Intimal-medial thickness (1)
- Intimchirurgie (1)
- Intolerance (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Intoxikation (1)
- Intra-abdominal infection (1)
- Intrabody (1)
- Intracellular Trafficking (1)
- Intracellular pathogens (1)
- Intracellular pathways (1)
- Intracerebral haemorrhage (1)
- Intracerebroventricular (1)
- Intracranial embolism (1)
- Intracranial haemorrhage (1)
- Intracranial hemorrhage (1)
- Intragastric balloon (1)
- Intraoperative blood salvage (1)
- Intraoperative procedure (1)
- Intraoperative test (1)
- Intraoral scanners (1)
- Intraosseous access (1)
- Intratumoral (1)
- Intratympanic drug delivery (1)
- Intravenous Drug User (1)
- Intravenous antibiotic therapy (1)
- Intravenous antiepileptics (1)
- Intravenous injections (1)
- Intravenous iron (1)
- Intravenöse Antiepileptika (1)
- Intrinsic Disorder (1)
- Intrinsic resistance (1)
- Intubation (1)
- Intubation anesthesia (1)
- Intubationsnarkose (1)
- Invasive candidiasis (1)
- Invasive fungal infection (1)
- Invasive fungal infections (1)
- Invasive mosquitoes (1)
- Invasive species (1)
- Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (1)
- Invisible boundary paradigm (1)
- Inzidenzkorrektur (1)
- Iod (1)
- Iodmangel (1)
- Ion channels in the nervous system (1)
- Ionenkanal (1)
- Ionentransport ; Anion ; Sarkoplasmatisches Retikulum (1)
- Ipilimumab (1)
- Ireb2 (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Iridium-192 (1)
- Iron Overload (1)
- Iron chelation (1)
- Iron estimation (1)
- Iron oxides (1)
- Irregular vaccination (1)
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury (1)
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury (1)
- Ischemic stroke (1)
- Ischämie (1)
- Islam (1)
- Islamethik (1)
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase (1)
- Isoflurane (1)
- Isoforms (1)
- Isolation, separation and purification (1)
- Isoliert-perfundierte Rattenherzen (1)
- Isolierung (1)
- Isolierung <Medizin> (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) (1)
- Isothermal amplification (1)
- Isotope labeling (1)
- Issue 96 (1)
- Italy (1)
- Itpr1 (1)
- Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (1)
- Ixodes (1)
- JAK inhibition (1)
- JAK2V617F (1)
- JAWSTAT pathway (1)
- JNK (1)
- JNK3 (1)
- Jak2(V617F) (1)
- Java <Programmiersprache> (1)
- Jaw surgery (1)
- JawsII (1)
- Job satisfaction (1)
- Jodausscheidung im Urin (1)
- John Taylor (1)
- Joint actions (1)
- Joint destruction (1)
- Joubert syndrome (1)
- Jugend (1)
- Jugendliche (1)
- Jugendlicher (1)
- Julia (1)
- Jurkat (1)
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (1)
- Jüdische Dozenten Frankfurt (1)
- K-homology RNA-binding domain (1)
- K3EDTA plasma sampling (1)
- KAP (1)
- KATP-Kanal Blocker (1)
- KCCQ (1)
- KCGS (1)
- KCNH2 (1)
- KCNJ2 mutation (1)
- KCNQ1 (1)
- KCNQ4 (1)
- KCNT1 (1)
- KDIGO (1)
- KIF (1)
- KIF11 (1)
- KIR (1)
- KLHL11 (1)
- KLK5 (1)
- KMT2A (1)
- KOOS IV (1)
- KPS (1)
- KRAS (1)
- KSHV epidemiology (1)
- KSHV, Epidemiologie (1)
- Kachexie (1)
- Kaiserschnitt (1)
- Kaisidis plate (1)
- Kaliumkanal ; Inhibition ; Herzmuskelzelle (1)
- Kaliumkanal-Aktivatoren (1)
- Kallestad QM 300 (1)
- Kallestad QM 30 (1)
- Kallikrein inhibitor (1)
- Kalorienverbrauch (1)
- Kandidatengen (1)
- Kanzlei des Führers (1)
- Kapazitätsdefizit (1)
- Kapitalismus (1)
- Kaplan-Meier-Schätzung (1)
- Kapnographie (1)
- Kappa (1)
- Kardiomyopathie (1)
- Kardiovaskuläres Risiko (1)
- Karies (1)
- Karotte (1)
- Karyotypes (1)
- Karzinom (1)
- Karzinomzellen (1)
- Katamnese Transidentität im Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Kataraktchirugie (1)
- Katheterablation (1)
- Kava (1)
- Kava hepatotoxicity (1)
- Kavitätenpräparation (1)
- Keap1-Nrf2 (1)
- Kephalometrie mit Magnetinduktion (1)
- Kephalometrie ohne Röntgenstrahlen (1)
- Keratinocytes (1)
- Keratoplastik (1)
- Ketogenic Diet (1)
- Ketolide (1)
- Key stone species (1)
- Ki-67/MIB1 (1)
- Ki67 transgenic c‐myc/TGFα mice (1)
- Kidney (1)
- Kidney Transplantation (1)
- Kidney disease (1)
- Kidney diseases (1)
- Kidney neoplasm (1)
- Kidney transplant recipients (1)
- Kidneys (1)
- Kiefer (1)
- Kieferhöhlenentzündung (1)
- Kif15 mRNA (1)
- Kim-1 (1)
- Kinase inhibitors (1)
- Kinder und Jugendliche (1)
- Kinderchirurgie (1)
- Kindergarten (1)
- Kindersterblichkeit (1)
- Kindertagesstätten (1)
- Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Kindesalter (1)
- Kindestötung (1)
- Kindheit (1)
- Kinds of diseases (1)
- Kindspech (1)
- Kinematic posture analysis (1)
- Kinematics (1)
- Kinematik (1)
- Klavierspiel (1)
- Kleinkind (1)
- Klinische Aufgabengebiete (1)
- Klinische Fertigkeiten (1)
- Knee joint sound (1)
- Knee osteoarthritis (1)
- Knee surgery (1)
- Kniegelenkarthrose (1)
- Kniegelenkinfekt (1)
- Knieinfekt (1)
- Knochenabbau (1)
- Knochendefektheilung (1)
- Knochenevaluation (1)
- Knochenmarksmikromilieu (1)
- Knochenmetastasen (1)
- Knochenstoffwechselerkrankungen (1)
- Knockout (1)
- Koch (1)
- Koch, Richard (1)
- Kodieralgorithmus (1)
- Kognitiv (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigungen (1)
- Kognitiver Prozess (1)
- Kombinationstherapie (1)
- Kombinationstherapien (1)
- Kommerzialisierung (1)
- Kommerzielle Immunglobuline (1)
- Komorbidität (1)
- Komorbiditäten (1)
- Komplementbindungsreaktion (KBR) (1)
- Komplikation allogene Stammzelltransplantation (1)
- Komplikationsrate (1)
- Komposit (1)
- Komprimierte Abtastung (1)
- Konformitätsbewertung (1)
- Kongo <Demokratische Republik> (1)
- Kongress <Wandlitz, 1997> (1)
- Konsens (1)
- Konsensus Methode (1)
- Kontaktallergie (1)
- Kontrastmittel (1)
- Kontrazeption (1)
- Kontroll- und Regressmechanismen (1)
- Kontrollierte klinische Studie (1)
- Konusprothese (1)
- Konversion (1)
- Konzeption (1)
- Konzeptpapier (1)
- Koordination (1)
- Kopf (1)
- Kopfhaar (1)
- Kopfstimme (1)
- Koronare Herzkrankheit (1)
- Koronarfluss (1)
- Korporatismus (1)
- Korporativer Staat (1)
- Korrektheit (1)
- Kortikale Dicke (1)
- Kortikotrope Achse (1)
- Kosmetische Chirurgie (1)
- Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse (1)
- Koti (1)
- Krait (1)
- Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (1)
- Krankengymnastik (1)
- Krankenhaus (1)
- Krankenhausfallaufkommen (1)
- Krankenhausfinanzierung (1)
- Krankenhausinformationssystem (1)
- Krankheitsbegriff (1)
- Krankheitskosten (1)
- Krankheitsverlauf (1)
- Kreatinin (1)
- Krebs (Medizin) (1)
- Krebs <Medizin> (1)
- Krebsfamiliensyndrom (1)
- Krebsforschung (1)
- Krebststammzelle (1)
- Krieg (1)
- Kriminalität (1)
- Kryokonservierung (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kunsttherapie für Menschen mit vaskulärer Demenz (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Kupferstich (1)
- Kupffer cells (1)
- Kurzzeitgedächtnis (1)
- Kutner, Luis (1)
- Kynurenine (1)
- Kölner Deklaration (1)
- Körperbild (1)
- Körpergrößenschätzung, Geschlechtsdiskrimination (1)
- Körperliche Belastung (1)
- Körpermaße (1)
- Körpermodifizierung (1)
- Körpersoziologie (1)
- Künste (1)
- L1 cell-adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) (1)
- L1-norm SVM (1)
- LABAs (1)
- LAMP3 (1)
- LAMTOR1 (1)
- LAMTOR2 (1)
- LARS2 (1)
- LASP1 (1)
- LASS (1)
- LAT (1)
- LBP (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-MS-Based Clinical Research (1)
- LC-MS-based lipid mediator analysis (1)
- LC-NE system (1)
- LC3 I/II (1)
- LC3B (1)
- LCD-Array (1)
- LCH (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LD 2 Ringe (1)
- LD 2 rings (1)
- LDHB (1)
- LDL (1)
- LDL-cholesterol (1)
- LEOSS (1)
- LFP (1)
- LHRH receptor (1)
- LINC00607 (1)
- LIR interaction, (1)
- LIVIN (1)
- LM11A 31 (1)
- LN229 (1)
- LNS (1)
- LOS (1)
- LPP (1)
- LQTS (1)
- LRBA (1)
- LSD1 (1)
- LSEC (1)
- LTB4 (1)
- LTBI (1)
- LTR (1)
- LU-102 (1)
- LUBAC (1)
- LUT (1)
- Label-free (1)
- Laboratory techniques and procedures (1)
- Labordiagnose (1)
- Labormedizin (1)
- Labormedizinische Spezialbefundung (1)
- Labororganisation (1)
- Laborpersonal (1)
- Lack of immunity (1)
- Lactic acidosis (1)
- Lactobacillus (1)
- Lacunar (1)
- Lafora disease (1)
- Lagerungsbedingungen (1)
- Lakunär (1)
- Laminin (1)
- LanCL2 (1)
- Land cover (1)
- Landmark (1)
- Langendorff-Herz (1)
- Langstreckige Knochendefekte (1)
- Language delay (1)
- Language disorders (1)
- Langzeitarbeitsloser (1)
- Langzeiteffekt (1)
- Langzeitergebnis (1)
- Langzeitpflege (1)
- Laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- Laparoscopic fundoplication (1)
- Laparostomy (1)
- Laparotomy. Joel-Cohen (1)
- Laparscopic Bariatric Surgery (1)
- Large vessel occlusion (1)
- Laryngeal Tube (1)
- Laser interstitial thermal therapy (1)
- Laser navigation system (1)
- Laser-Doppler-Signal (1)
- Laser-Scan-Mikroskopie (1)
- Lasertherapie (1)
- Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) (1)
- Late gadolinium enhancement (1)
- Late presentation (1)
- Latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 4 (1)
- Lateral flow antigen testing (1)
- Lateral flow immunoassay (1)
- Lateral recess stenosis (1)
- Laterality (1)
- Laufökonomie (1)
- Le carcinome épidermoïde oral (1)
- Lead field (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Learning (1)
- Learning algorithms (1)
- Learning and memory (1)
- Learning outcomes (1)
- Lebensbewältigung (1)
- Lebensgefühl (1)
- Lebenskunst (1)
- Lebenslimitierende Erkrankungen (1)
- Lebensstiländerung (1)
- Leber (1)
- Leber congenital amaurosis (1)
- Leberkrebs (1)
- Lebermetastase (1)
- Lebertransplantation (1)
- Lecithin (1)
- Lectin affinity plasmapheresis (1)
- Lecture (1)
- Lee type, functional outcome (1)
- Lee-type (1)
- Leflunomide (1)
- Left Ventricular Mass (1)
- Left atrial appendage closure (1)
- Left ventricular assist device (1)
- Left ventricular function (1)
- Left ventricular mass (1)
- Left ventricular non-compaction, (1)
- Leg alignment (1)
- Leg axis (1)
- Legal considerations (1)
- Legal medicine (1)
- Legasthenie (1)
- Legionella pneumophila (1)
- Lehre im klinischen Alltag (1)
- Lehrerausbildung (1)
- Lehrforschung (1)
- Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation (1)
- Lehrvideos (1)
- Leib (1)
- Leibesübungen (1)
- Leiblichkeit (1)
- Leibphänomenologie (1)
- Leichenschauschein (1)
- Leigh syndrome (1)
- Leipzig (1)
- Leipzig <2015> (1)
- Leipzig, Universitätskinderklinik (1)
- Leishmania infantum (1)
- Leishmaniasis (1)
- Leistung (1)
- Leistungsmessung (1)
- Leistungsorientierte Mittelvergabe (1)
- Leitbegriff (1)
- Leitlinie (1)
- Leitliniengerechte Behandlung (1)
- Leksell (1)
- Lemperle (1)
- Lenalidomide (1)
- Length of stay (1)
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (1)
- Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (1)
- Lentiviral vectors (1)
- Lentiviren (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lernerfolgsmessung (1)
- Lernziele (1)
- Lernzuwachs (1)
- Les macrophages associés aux tumeurs (1)
- Lesestörung (1)
- Leseverstehen (1)
- Leseverständnis (1)
- Lesion (1)
- Leukaemia (1)
- Leukaemic Cells (1)
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive (1)
- Leukocyte depletion filter (1)
- Leukocyte elastase (1)
- Leukodystrophy (1)
- Leukozytenfiltration (1)
- Levobupivacain (1)
- Levobupivacaine (1)
- Lhx2 (1)
- Liberalismus (1)
- Lice (1)
- Lichtalterung (1)
- Lichttherapie (1)
- Life-limiting conditions (1)
- Lifestyle (1)
- Ligand post-insertion (1)
- Ligatur (1)
- Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Limitation of therapy (1)
- Line Notation (1)
- Lineage (1)
- Lineage tracing (1)
- Linearisierung (1)
- Linkage (1)
- Lipedema (1)
- Lipemia (1)
- Lipid Transition Temperature (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Lipid peroxidation (1)
- Lipid signaling (1)
- Lipid solution (1)
- Lipid trafficking (1)
- Lipid-based formulation (1)
- Lipidinteraktion (1)
- Lipidol (1)
- Lipidstoffwechsel (1)
- Lipiodol (1)
- Lipocalin-2 (1)
- Lipodystrophy (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (1)
- Lipoprotein(a)/Analytik (1)
- Lipoprotein(a)/analysis (1)
- Lipoproteine (1)
- Liposuction (1)
- Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte (1)
- Lipämie (1)
- Liquid filled MicroLion ion chamber array (1)
- Liquor cerebrospinalis (1)
- Liquordiagnostik (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Liver Fibrosis (1)
- Liver biopsy (1)
- Liver disease (1)
- Liver enzymes (1)
- Liver histology (1)
- Liver metastases (1)
- Liver resection (1)
- Liver transplant (1)
- Liver-Related Complications (1)
- Liver-related complications (1)
- LiverTox (1)
- LncRNA - long noncoding RNA (1)
- Loa loa (1)
- Local IgE (1)
- Local allergic rhinitis (1)
- Local control (1)
- Local field potential (1)
- Localized prostate cancer (1)
- Locally advanced (1)
- Lockdown (1)
- Loco-regional control (1)
- Locomotor circuit (1)
- Lokales IgE (1)
- Lokalisation (1)
- Lomentospora prolificans (1)
- Lomwe (1)
- Lomwe-Sprache (1)
- Long QT syndrome (1)
- Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) (1)
- Long non-coding RNA (1)
- Long noncoding RNA (1)
- Long term output (1)
- Long term result (1)
- Long-read sequencing (1)
- Long-term (1)
- Long-term continence (1)
- Long-term effect (1)
- Long-term follow up (1)
- Long-term follow-up (1)
- Long-term results (1)
- Long-term-measurements (1)
- Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- Longitudinal Study (1)
- Longitudinal analysis (1)
- Longitudinalstudie (1)
- Loving kindness meditation (1)
- Low Molecular Weight PTP (1)
- Low birth weight infant (1)
- Low grade glioma (1)
- Low volume prep (1)
- Low-dose X-irradiation (1)
- Low-dose ionizing radiation (1)
- Low-dose radiation therapy (1)
- Low-grade glioma (1)
- Lower back pain (1)
- Lower limb deformities (1)
- Lp(a)-Lipoproteinbestimmungen (1)
- Lp(a)-lipoprotein determinations (1)
- Lpar2 (1)
- Ltbp-4 (1)
- Ltbp-4L (1)
- Ltbp-4S (1)
- Ltbp4 (1)
- Lucigenin (1)
- Luftverkehr (1)
- Lumbar Disk Degeneration (1)
- Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (1)
- Lumbar stenosis (1)
- Luminex (1)
- Lung (1)
- Lung Cancer (1)
- Lung Neoplasms/serum (1)
- Lung adenocarcinoma (1)
- Lung development (1)
- Lung function (1)
- Lung neoplasms (1)
- Lung ultrasound (1)
- Lungenbiopsie (1)
- Lungenerkrankungen (1)
- Lungenherde (1)
- Lungenkontusion (1)
- Lungenneoplasma/Serum (1)
- Lungentumor (1)
- Lungenversagen (1)
- Lyme Borreliosis (1)
- Lyme Disease (1)
- Lyme disease - Borreliosis (1)
- Lyme-Borreliose (1)
- Lymph node (1)
- Lymphadenopathy (1)
- Lymphangiectasia (1)
- Lymphangiogenesis (1)
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (1)
- Lymphedema (1)
- Lymphocyte subpopulations (1)
- Lymphoepithelioma (1)
- Lymphoid Neoplasia (1)
- Lymphoid tissues (1)
- Lymphoma Cells (1)
- Lymphomas (1)
- Lymphopenia Mortality (1)
- Lymphozytenantigen (1)
- Lynch-Syndrom (1)
- Lysosomal storage disease (1)
- Ländlicher Raum (1)
- M. Intracellulare (1)
- M. avium (1)
- M. avium complex (1)
- M. chimaera (1)
- MACE (1)
- MAGGIC score (1)
- MAIT cell (1)
- MALDI MS (1)
- MAML2 (1)
- MAP Kinases (MAPKs) (1)
- MAP kinase (1)
- MAPK6 (1)
- MBC (1)
- MC-Fragen (1)
- MCH (1)
- MCP (1)
- MCP-1 (1)
- MDD (1)
- MDM2 (1)
- MDR1 (1)
- MEDIC (1)
- MEIS (1)
- MEIS homeodomain protein (1)
- MEIS2 (1)
- MEK inhibition (1)
- MEK inhibitor (1)
- MELD (1)
- MEN1 (1)
- MET (1)
- MFA (1)
- MGMT (1)
- MGMT promoter (1)
- MIC (1)
- MID task (1)
- MK-0457 (1)
- MKP1 (1)
- ML-IAP (1)
- MLC tracking (1)
- MLL fusion proteins (1)
- MLL-Baby (1)
- MLL-r acute leukemia (1)
- MLL-rearranged leukemia (1)
- MLN8237 (1)
- MLV (1)
- MLV/HIV-1 (1)
- MM-121 (1)
- MMF (1)
- MMP14 (1)
- MMP2 (1)
- MMPs (1)
- MN1 (1)
- MODY (1)
- MOLLI (1)
- MPA (1)
- MPM (1)
- MPN (1)
- MPN-U (1)
- MR-based histology (1)
- MR-guided (1)
- MR-proADM (1)
- MR-spectroscopy (1)
- MRA (1)
- MRI patterns of gliomas (1)
- MRI-negative epilepsy (1)
- MS (1)
- MSC-subsets (1)
- MSM (1)
- MT: Non-coding RNAs (1)
- MTCL (1)
- MTHFR-Mutation (1)
- MTHFR-mutation (1)
- MTL30 (1)
- MTOR inhibitor (1)
- MTRNR1 (1)
- MTRasym (1)
- MTT (1)
- MUTARS® RS Cup (1)
- MUTARS® RS Cup System (1)
- MUTARS® RS cup system (1)
- MVPA (1)
- MYCBP2 (1)
- MYCN amplification (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Machine learning algorithms (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophage Transdifferentiation (1)
- Macular neovascularization (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Magnet dislocation (1)
- Magnetencephalography (1)
- Magnetfeldresonanztherapie (1)
- Magnetic resonance Imaging (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1)
- Magnetite (1)
- Magnetoencephalographie (1)
- Magnetoencephalography (1)
- Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- Magnetresonanztomographie (1)
- Main olfactory epithelium (1)
- Maintenance therapy (1)
- Maintenance treatment (1)
- Major Depressive Disorder (1)
- Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (1)
- Major bleeding (1)
- Major infection after cardiac surgery (1)
- Makonde (1)
- Makonde-Sprache (1)
- Makrophage (1)
- Malaria prophylaxis (1)
- Malariae (1)
- Malariaprophylaxe (1)
- Male (1)
- Male Population (1)
- Malignancy (1)
- Malignant meningioma (1)
- MammaPrint (1)
- Mammalian target of rapamycin (1)
- Mammaplasty (1)
- Management (1)
- Manatee invariant (1)
- Manchester scar scale (1)
- Mandatory Vaccinations (1)
- Mandible (1)
- Mandibula (1)
- Mangel (1)
- Mania (1)
- Manuelle Lymphdrainage (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Maple bark disease (1)
- Maple bark strippers’ lung (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Marey, Étienne-Jules (1)
- Marginal grafts (1)
- Marginal integrity (1)
- Marine food webs (1)
- Marker genes (1)
- Market Access (1)
- Marknagelung (1)
- Markov model (1)
- Masking effect (1)
- Masquelet (1)
- Mass disaster (1)
- Massage (1)
- Massage (chinesische / japanische / ayurvedische / indische / indonesische / javanesische / balinesische Massage) (1)
- Massenkatastrophe (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massive Online Open Course (1)
- Master Plan 2020 (1)
- Masterabschluss (1)
- Masterplan 2020 (1)
- Master’s degree (1)
- Mastoiditis (1)
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) (1)
- Material (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Maternal Immune Activation (1)
- Maternal morbidity (1)
- Maternal separation (1)
- Mathematical Modeling (1)
- Mathematical biosciences (1)
- Mathematical functions (1)
- Mathematical methods (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Mathematical models (1)
- Mathematics and computing (1)
- Mathematische Biologie (1)
- Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) (1)
- Matrix-Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) (1)
- Matrix-Rhythmus-Therapie (1)
- Maus (1)
- Maxillofacial reconstruction (1)
- Maxillofacial surgery (1)
- Maxillofacial trauma (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- MdM2 (1)
- Mean erythrocyte volume (1)
- Measles (1)
- Measurement equipment (1)
- Mechanical ankle instability (1)
- Mechanical ventilation (1)
- Mechanism of action (1)
- Meckel’s diverticulum (1)
- Median nerve (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Medical (1)
- Medical Education (1)
- Medical Humanities (1)
- Medical Oncology (1)
- Medical Physics: Diagnostic (1)
- Medical communication (1)
- Medical database (1)
- Medical errors (1)
- Medical ethics (1)
- Medical examiner (1)
- Medical history (1)
- Medical hypoxia (1)
- Medical imaging (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Medical law (1)
- Medical management (1)
- Medical school (1)
- Medical staff (1)
- Medical student (1)
- Medical studies (1)
- Medical study (1)
- Medical traineeship (1)
- Medication Appropriatness Index (1)
- Medication changes (1)
- Medicinal chemistry (1)
- Medicinal plants (1)
- Medicine and health sciences (1)
- Medikalisierung sozialer Probleme (1)
- Medikamente (1)
- Medikamente Handlungsanweisungen (1)
- Meditation (1)
- Medizinalrhabarber (1)
- Medizinanthropologie (1)
- Medizinethik (1)
- Medizingeschichte, Lehrbuch (1)
- Medizinische Abbildung (1)
- Medizinische Chemie (1)
- Medizinische Fachangestellte (1)
- Medizinische Fehler (1)
- Medizinische Lehre (1)
- Medizinische Versorgung (1)
- Medizinisches Gutachten (1)
- Medizinisches Personal (1)
- Medizinkritik in der Literatur (1)
- Medizinrecht (1)
- Medizinstudenten 1968 (1)
- Meersseman test (1)
- Mefloquine (1)
- Mehrfachbefunde (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Meis1 (1)
- Meis2 (1)
- Mekoniumaspiration (1)
- Melanocortin (1)
- Melody (1)
- Membrane Attack Complex (1)
- Membrane Protein (1)
- Membrane Trafficking (1)
- Membrane assays (1)
- Membrane lipids (1)
- Membrane staining (1)
- Membrane-Phloretin Interaction (1)
- Membranproteine (1)
- Memory quality (1)
- Memory training (1)
- Men who have sex with men (1)
- Mena/VASP (1)
- Mengele, Josef (1)
- Meningeom (1)
- Meningioma (1)
- Menschenversuche, verbrecherische (1)
- Mental disorder (1)
- Mental health disorders (1)
- Mental health problems (1)
- Mental health therapies (1)
- Mentale Vorstellung (1)
- Menthol (1)
- Mentor (1)
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1)
- Mesangial cells (1)
- Mesenchym (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) (1)
- Mesh repair (1)
- Messung (1)
- Metabolic (1)
- Metabolic dysfunction (1)
- Metabolic labeling (1)
- Metabolic models (1)
- Metabolic vulnerabilities (1)
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors (1)
- Metabolomic profile (1)
- Metacognition (1)
- Metagenomics (1)
- Metal clip (1)
- Metalloproteases (1)
- Metalloproteinases (1)
- Metapher (1)
- Metastase (1)
- Metastasis-directed therapy (1)
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Metastatic tumors (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methacholine challenge test (1)
- Methacholinprovokation (1)
- Methadon (1)
- Methanol (1)
- Methanosarcina mazei (1)
- Methicillin resistance (1)
- Methicillin-resistenter Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Methionine (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methoden (1)
- Methodenvalidierung (1)
- Methodenvergleich (1)
- Methods (1)
- Methotrexate (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylphenidate (1)
- Metta (1)
- MiR-29 (1)
- MiSpEx Network (1)
- MiSpEx-network (1)
- Michael acceptor (1)
- Michael acceptors (1)
- Micro RNAs (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Micro-CT (1)
- MicroRNA-181a (1)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Microbial mutation (1)
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease (1)
- Microbiology, Virology & Host Pathogen Interaction (1)
- Microbubbles (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Microfilaremia (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microgap (1)
- Microglial cells (1)
- Micrognathia (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microphones (1)
- Microphysiological models (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microsatellite instability (1)
- Microstructural impairment (1)
- Mid-intestinal bleeding (1)
- Midbrain/brainstem expression changes (1)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (1)
- Midkine (1)
- Midline laparotomy (1)
- Midwifery (1)
- Migrant health (1)
- Mikroangiopathie (1)
- Mikrobiom (1)
- Mikroneutralisationstest (1)
- Mikropartikel (1)
- Mikrostromtherapie (1)
- Mikrovesikel (1)
- Mikrowellenablation (1)
- Milch (1)
- Mild chronic inflammation (1)
- Mild cognitive impairment (1)
- Mild hypoxia (1)
- Mind wandering (1)
- Mindestmengen (1)
- Mineralocorticoids (1)
- Mineralokortikoide (1)
- Mini-monovision (1)
- Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) (1)
- Minimal core of imaging (1)
- Minimal detectable change (1)
- Minimal invasive (1)
- Minimal invasive dentistry (1)
- Minimal-invasiv (1)
- Minimale Hemmkonzentration (1)
- Minimale bakterizide Konzentration (1)
- Minimally invasive (1)
- Minimally invasive surgical procedures (1)
- Minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (1)
- Minor injury (1)
- Mislocalised proteins (1)
- Missbildung (1)
- Mitochondrial Apoptosis (1)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism (1)
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (1)
- Mitochondrial Transport (1)
- Mitochondrial amino acid tRNA synthetases (1)
- Mitochondrial disease (1)
- Mitochondrial disorder (1)
- Mitochondrial function (1)
- Mitochondrial proteins (1)
- Mitochondrial respiration (1)
- Mitochondrial shuttles (1)
- Mitochondrien (1)
- Mitomycin C (1)
- Mitoxantrone (1)
- Mitral regurgitation (1)
- Mitral valve (1)
- Mitralklappenrekonstruktion (1)
- Mittelalter (1)
- MixCon (1)
- MixCon-LA (1)
- Mixed hearing loss (1)
- Mmp12 (1)
- Mnemonic discrimination (1)
- Mnemotechnik (1)
- Model Organism (1)
- Model organisms (1)
- Modell-Curriculum (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modellprojekt, (1)
- Moderating factors (1)
- Moderne Medizin (1)
- Modified FDI criteria (1)
- Molar tooth sign (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular Chaperone (1)
- Molecular association (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular diagnosis (1)
- Molecular diagnostic testing (1)
- Molecular diagnostics (1)
- Molecular docking (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Molecular genetics (1)
- Molecular glue (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular matched therapy (1)
- Molecular mechanisms of cancer (1)
- Molecular mimicry (1)
- Molecular signatures (1)
- Molecular subtype (1)
- Molecular therapy (1)
- Molecularly targeted therapy (1)
- Molekulare Therapie (1)
- Moll, Albert (1)
- Molmassenverteilung (1)
- Monacolin K (1)
- Monetary incentive delay (1)
- Mongolian spot (1)
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (mAb) (1)
- Monocyte gene expression (1)
- Monocytes and macrophages (1)
- Monolithic crown (1)
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins (1)
- Monotherapie (1)
- Monozyt (1)
- Monozyten (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Mood (1)
- Moraceae (1)
- Morbidität (1)
- Morbus Crohn (1)
- Morbus Cushing Syndrom (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Morphin (1)
- Morphological modeling (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Morris Hepatoma (1)
- Mortalitätskorrektur (1)
- Mortaliät (1)
- Mosquito (1)
- Mosquito crop (1)
- Mosquito-plant interaction (1)
- Mosquitoes (1)
- Motility (1)
- Motility disorder (1)
- Motivating factor (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Motivational situation (1)
- Motivational strategies (1)
- Motivationslage (1)
- Motor cortex (1)
- Motor dysfunction (1)
- Motor neuron disease (1)
- Motor neurons (1)
- Motor skills (1)
- Motor-cognitive (1)
- Mouse model (1)
- Movement behaviour (1)
- Movement patterns (1)
- Moviprep (1)
- MptpA (1)
- Mu-opioid receptor (1)
- Mucomaix® matrix (1)
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (1)
- Mukoviszidose (1)
- Multi-Omics (1)
- Multi-center (1)
- Multi-modal feedback (1)
- Multi-motive grid (1)
- Multi-nucleated cardiomyocytes (1)
- Multi-parameter mapping (1)
- Multi-resistant pathogens (1)
- Multi-stakeholder approach (1)
- Multi-syndrome classification (1)
- Multidetector Computed Tomography (1)
- Multidisciplinary management (1)
- Multidrug-resistance (1)
- Multidrug-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (1)
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (1)
- Multilevel two-part modelling (1)
- Multiligament instability (1)
- Multimedia (1)
- Multimedication (1)
- Multimedikation / Polypharmazie (1)
- Multimodal Modeling (1)
- Multimodal imaging (1)
- Multimodal treatment (1)
- Multimorbid patients (1)
- Multimorbilidad (1)
- Multinomial logistic regression (1)
- Multinucleated giant cells (1)
- Multiomics (1)
- Multiparametric MRI (1)
- Multiphoton microscopy (1)
- Multiple Sclerosis (1)
- Multiple myeloma (1)
- Multiple trauma (1)
- Multiple-indication review (1)
- Multiplex immunoassay (1)
- Multiresistente Erreger (1)
- Multisensorische Integrationsleistung (1)
- Multisensory (1)
- Multiset independent component analysis (1)
- Multivariate Modellierung (1)
- Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie (1)
- Mundhöhlenkarzinome (1)
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle analysis (1)
- Muscle atrophy (1)
- Muscle contractile properties (1)
- Muscle damage (1)
- Muscle differentiation (1)
- Muscle functions (1)
- Muscle pain (1)
- Muscle tissue (1)
- Muscle weakness (1)
- Muscular diseases (1)
- Musculoskeletal (1)
- Musculoskeletal abnormalities (1)
- Musculoskeletal mechanics (1)
- Musculoskeletal problems (1)
- Musculoskeletal ultrasound (1)
- Music chair concepts (1)
- Music perception (1)
- Musician (1)
- Musician-specific seating position (1)
- Musiktherapie (1)
- Muskeltonus (1)
- Muskuloskeletales System (1)
- Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen (1)
- Muslimische Patienten (1)
- Mutant p53 (1)
- Mutation databases (1)
- Mutter (1)
- Muttermilch (1)
- Mutual information (1)
- Mycobacteria (1)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (1)
- Mycophenolat Mofetil (1)
- Mycophenolate mofetil (1)
- Mycophenolatmofetil (1)
- Mycoses (1)
- Mycosis (1)
- Myelin or myeloarchitecture (1)
- Myelodysplastic syndrome (1)
- Myelofibrosis (1)
- Myeloperoxidase (1)
- Myelopoiesis (1)
- Myeloproliferative disease (1)
- Myiasis (1)
- Mykose (1)
- Myocardial infarction (MI) (1)
- Myocardial injury (1)
- Myocardial remodeling (1)
- Myocardial revascularization (1)
- Myocardial segmentation (1)
- Myonecrosis (1)
- Myopia (1)
- Myotonic dystrophy (1)
- Mysterienspiel (1)
- Mythologie (1)
- Männerstimme (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- München <2011> (1)
- Mφs (1)
- N-Acetylaspartate (1)
- N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1)
- N-acetylcysteine (1)
- N-cadherin (1)
- N-cadhérine (1)
- N-glycoproteome (1)
- N-glycosylation (1)
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (1)
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (1)
- N-myc (1)
- N2 (1)
- N471D strumpellin knock-in mice (1)
- N501Y (1)
- NADPH oxidase 4 (1)
- NAFL (1)
- NAPS (1)
- NAT (1)
- NCAM (1)
- NCH93 (1)
- NCOA4 (1)
- NDBI (1)
- NDM (1)
- NDNF interneurons (1)
- NDR1 (1)
- NDUFA6 (1)
- NDUFAF8 (1)
- NEAT1 (1)
- NEAT2 (1)
- NEBL (1)
- NET (1)
- NETs (1)
- NF-kB (1)
- NF-ĸB (1)
- NF-кB (1)
- NFAT (1)
- NFkB (1)
- NGS (1)
- NGS sequencing (1)
- NHE (1)
- NHEJ (1)
- NIS (1)
- NK Receptor (1)
- NK cell subset (1)
- NK cell subsets (1)
- NK receptors (1)
- NK-ZELL-BASIERTER IMMUNTHERAPIE (1)
- NK-ZELLEN (1)
- NK-Zellen (1)
- NK-cells (1)
- NKG2A blocking (1)
- NKT cell (1)
- NLPHL (1)
- NLRP3 inflammasomes (1)
- NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies (1)
- NMDA antibody (1)
- NMDAR subunit GluN2B (1)
- NMES (1)
- NMO-IgG (1)
- NMOSD (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMRI (1)
- NO-GC stimulators (1)
- NOD (1)
- NOD2 (1)
- NOESY (1)
- NOS (1)
- NOS-I (1)
- NOS1AP (1)
- NOTCH (1)
- NOXA (1)
- NPC disease (1)
- NPH insulin (1)
- NPR2 (1)
- NPSR1 (1)
- NR4A3 (1)
- NRAS (1)
- NREM sleep (1)
- NS-Kindereuthanasie (1)
- NS1608 (1)
- NS3 protease inhibitor (1)
- NS3-4A protease inhibitor (1)
- NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PI) (1)
- NS3/4A-Protease (1)
- NS5A inhibitors (1)
- NS5B polymerase inhibitor (1)
- NSAIDs (1)
- NSBB (1)
- NSC350625 (1)
- NSE (1)
- NSF (1)
- NSG mice (1)
- NSTEMI (1)
- NTDs (1)
- NTM (1)
- NURF (1)
- NVBP (1)
- NXF1 (1)
- Nachteile (1)
- Nachtschattengewächs (1)
- Nachwuchsmangel (1)
- Nackenmuskulatur (1)
- Nackenschmerzen (1)
- Nahrungsmittelallergie (1)
- Nahrungsmittelhygiene (1)
- Naja (1)
- Named entity recognition (1)
- Nano-ESI MS (1)
- NanoBone (1)
- Nanocarriers (1)
- Nanocrystalline (1)
- Nanomedicine (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanoplastic (1)
- Nanopore (1)
- Narkose (1)
- Narrativ <Sozialwissenschaften> (1)
- Nasenpolyp (1)
- Nasenschleimhaut (1)
- Nateglinide (1)
- National catalogue of competence-based learning objectives in dentistry (1)
- Native T1 (1)
- Native T1 mapping (1)
- Natriuretic peptide (1)
- Natriuretic peptides (1)
- Natural Killer (NK) Cell (1)
- Natural killer cells (1)
- Natural product (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Natural sounds (1)
- Nature (1)
- Nature contributions to people (1)
- Naturwissenschaften (1)
- Nav channel activity (1)
- Nav1.7 (1)
- Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (1)
- Ndau (1)
- Nebennierenrinden-Adenom (1)
- Nebennierenrinden-Hyperplasie (1)
- Neck muscles (1)
- Neck pain (1)
- Necroptosis (1)
- Necrosis (1)
- Necrosis (Necrotic Death) (1)
- Necrotic area (1)
- Necrotizing fasciitis (1)
- Needs Assessment [MeSH] (1)
- Needs assessment [MeSH] (1)
- Negative appendectomy rate (1)
- Negative mental images (1)
- Negative staining (1)
- Negative-pressure wound therapy (1)
- Neglected tropical diseases (1)
- Negligence (1)
- Nek1 (1)
- Nekrose (1)
- Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (1)
- Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (1)
- Neoadjuvant therapy (1)
- Neoadjuvant treatment (1)
- Neocortex (1)
- Neonatal (1)
- Neonatal abstinence syndrome (1)
- Neonatal brain damage (1)
- Neonatal intensive care unit (1)
- Neonatal morbidity (1)
- Neonatal outcome (1)
- Neonatal surgery outcome (1)
- Neonatal urea cycle disorders (1)
- Neonatales Entzugssyndrom (1)
- Neonatologie (1)
- Neoplasm staging (1)
- Nephelometrie und Turbidimetrie (1)
- Nephelometry and Turbidimetry (1)
- Nephrogenese (1)
- Nephrons (1)
- Nephropathie (1)
- Nerven <Begriff> (1)
- Nerves (1)
- Nervous system diseases (1)
- Nesplora Aquarium (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Network model (1)
- Network models (1)
- Network motifs (1)
- Netzhaut (1)
- Netzhaut ; Nervenzelle ; Inhibition (1)
- Neuer Mensch (1)
- Neugeborene (1)
- Neugeborenen-Hörscreeningverfahren ; DPOAE- und AABR-Messungen ; Gerätevergleich ABaer und Ero-Scan (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Neural coding (1)
- Neural correlates of consciousness (1)
- Neural encoding models (1)
- Neural function (1)
- Neural goal function (1)
- Neural map (1)
- Neural signature (1)
- Neurasthenie (1)
- Neuro-ophthalmology (1)
- NeuroSAFE (1)
- Neurobiology of disease and regeneration (1)
- Neuroblastom, SAMHD1, Chemoresistenz (1)
- Neuroblastoma (1)
- Neuroblasts (1)
- Neurochemistry (1)
- Neurocognition (1)
- Neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- Neurodegenerative syndromes (1)
- Neurodevelopment (1)
- Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders (1)
- Neurodevelopmental disorder (1)
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (1)
- Neuroendocrine cancer (1)
- Neuroendocrine tumor (1)
- Neuroepithelial (1)
- Neuroepithelial tumor (1)
- Neurofeedback (1)
- Neurofilament light chain (1)
- Neurofilament light chains (1)
- Neurofilament-Leichtketten (1)
- Neurofuzzy medical systems (1)
- Neurogenese (1)
- Neurogenesis (1)
- Neurohypophyse (1)
- Neuroligins (1)
- Neurologe (1)
- Neurologiegeschichte (1)
- Neurologisches Institut <Frankfurt am Main> (1)
- Neuromodulatorisches Netzwerk (1)
- Neuromodulatory network (1)
- Neuromuscular exercise (1)
- Neuromyelitis optica (1)
- Neuron-Specific Enolase/serum (1)
- Neuron-spezifische Enolase/Serum (1)
- Neuronal homeostasis (1)
- Neuronal migration (1)
- Neuronal network models (1)
- Neuronal networks (1)
- Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Neuronal oscillations (1)
- Neuronales Netzwerk (1)
- Neuronavigation (1)
- Neuronspecific Enolase (1)
- Neuronspezifische-Enolase (1)
- Neurooncology (1)
- Neuropathie (1)
- Neuropathologie (1)
- Neuropilin (1)
- Neuroprotection (1)
- Neuroprotektion (1)
- Neuropsychiatric disorders (1)
- Neuropsychological testing (1)
- Neuropsychologie (1)
- Neuropsychology (1)
- Neuroscience, neural computation & artificial intelligence (1)
- Neurosciences (1)
- Neurostimulation (1)
- Neurotransmission (1)
- Neurotrophe Faktoren (1)
- Neurovascular damage (1)
- Neurovascular lesion (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Neutrophils (1)
- Nevus of Ito (1)
- Nevus of Ota (1)
- New Developments (1)
- New E3-ligase ligands (1)
- Newbornhearingscreening (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- NfL (1)
- Nfe2l2 (1)
- Niche (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nicht-Ereignis (1)
- Nicht-allergische Rhinitis (1)
- Nichtversicherung (1)
- Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (1)
- Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum/ Nicotiana rustica) (1)
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (1)
- Niere (1)
- Nierendosimetrie (1)
- Nierentubulusepithelzellen (1)
- Nikotin (Nicotiana tabacum/ Nicotiana rustica) (1)
- Nikotinerge Acetylcholinrezeptoren (1)
- Nimotuzumab (1)
- Nitric Oxide Synthase (1)
- Nkx2-5 (1)
- Nociception (1)
- Nociceptors (1)
- Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (1)
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (1)
- Non-RCT (1)
- Non-abusive head trauma (NAHT) (1)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- Non-allergic-rhinitis (1)
- Non-aneurysmal (1)
- Non-apoptotic functions (1)
- Non-clear cell renal cell cancer (1)
- Non-coding RNAs (1)
- Non-diffractive EDOF-IOL (1)
- Non-expert MRI (1)
- Non-falciparum (1)
- Non-invasive brain stimulation (1)
- Non-neuronal cholinergic system (1)
- Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NNI) (1)
- Non-operative (1)
- Non-perimesencephalic (1)
- Non-responder (1)
- Non-small-cell lung cancer (1)
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1)
- Non-trauma (1)
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (1)
- Non-urothelial (1)
- Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (1)
- Nonaerosolizing treatment (1)
- Noncoding RNA (1)
- Nonfermenter (1)
- Noninferiority (1)
- Nonlinear analysis (1)
- Nonoperative management (1)
- Nonpenetrating (1)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1)
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria (1)
- Nonunion (1)
- Non–small-cell lung cancer (1)
- Noradrenergic (1)
- Nordhrine-Westfalia (1)
- Nordic questionnaire (1)
- Nordrhein-Westfalen (1)
- Norepinephrine (1)
- Normalkollektiv (1)
- Normative modeling (1)
- Notch (1)
- Notch signaling (1)
- Notfallausweis (1)
- Notfallversorgung (1)
- Novel treatment target (1)
- Nox inhibition (1)
- NoxA1 (1)
- Nozizeption (1)
- Npr2 (1)
- Nrf-2 (1)
- Nucleolar protein 14 (1)
- Nucleolus (1)
- Nucleophosmin-1 (1)
- Nucleus pulposus cells (1)
- Nucleus reuniens (1)
- Nukleinsäure-Amplifikations Testung (NAT) (1)
- Nukleinsäure-Amplifikationstechnik (NAT) (1)
- Nukleinsäureamplifikationstest (NAT) (1)
- Nuklid (1)
- Null responder (1)
- Number of platelets (1)
- Nurses (1)
- Nutrition risk stratification (1)
- Nyanja (1)
- Nyanja-Sprache (1)
- Nymphs (1)
- Nyungwe (1)
- O-GlcNAcylation (1)
- OA (1)
- ODEs (1)
- OECD performance standards (1)
- OGR1 (1)
- OGTT (1)
- OHIP-G14 (1)
- OHRQoL (1)
- ONC201 (1)
- OP capacity (1)
- OP-Kapazität (1)
- OPRM1 methylation (1)
- OPS (1)
- OR time (1)
- ORES (1)
- ORIS (1)
- ORL (1)
- ORP (1)
- OSA (1)
- OSF-2 KI-S2 (1)
- OTSC Proctology (1)
- OXA-23 (1)
- OXA-484 (1)
- OXA-58 (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- Oberarmbruch (1)
- Oberflächenantigen-Mutante (1)
- Object perception (1)
- Object-scene associations (1)
- Objectives (1)
- Objektivität (1)
- Observational studies (1)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (1)
- Obstetric care (1)
- Obstetrics (1)
- Obstruktive Bronchitis (1)
- Occlusion (1)
- Occupational Accidents (1)
- Occupational exposure (1)
- Occupational medicine (1)
- Occupational reintegration management (1)
- Occupationally acquired infection (1)
- Oceanic boundlessness (1)
- Ocular findings (1)
- Ocular trauma (1)
- Ocular tuberculosis (1)
- Odorant receptor (1)
- Oesophageal cancer (1)
- Oesophagogastric cancer oxaliplatin (1)
- Off-pump surgery (1)
- Office work (1)
- Ohnr (1)
- Ohrakupunktur (1)
- Ohrenheilkunde (1)
- Ohrenkrankheit (1)
- Okinawa (1)
- Okinawa diet (1)
- Okklusivverband (1)
- Okulist (1)
- Old-old (1)
- Older adult (1)
- Older patient (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Oldest-old (1)
- Olfactory diagnostics (1)
- Olfactory groove meningioma (1)
- Oligodendrogliom (1)
- Oligodendroglioma (1)
- Oligometastatic (1)
- Olive <Anatomie> (1)
- Omega lipids (1)
- Omega-3-Fettsäuren (1)
- Omicron variant BA.1 (1)
- Omics (1)
- Omphalocele (1)
- Omphalozele (1)
- Oncogenes (1)
- Oncologic surgery (1)
- Oncolytic adenovirus (1)
- Oncolytic virus (1)
- Oncoprotein activation (1)
- Oncosomes (1)
- Oncotargets (1)
- One health (1)
- One-leg stand (1)
- Onkogene (1)
- Onkomodulation (1)
- Online Survey (1)
- Online education (1)
- Online-Lehre (1)
- Online-Lernen (1)
- Online-Magazin (1)
- Online-Magazine (1)
- Online-Publikation (1)
- Online-Umfrage (1)
- Opacity (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open abdomen (1)
- Open pulmonary tuberculosis (1)
- Open source concept (1)
- Open-access data resource (1)
- Operationsvorbereitung (1)
- Ophthalmologie (1)
- Ophthalmoplegia (1)
- Opiatrezeptor (1)
- Opinion (1)
- Opioid system (1)
- Opium (1)
- Oposterior urethral valve (1)
- Oppositional defant disorder (1)
- Oppositional defiant disorder (1)
- Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (1)
- Optic nerve atrophy (1)
- Optical coherence tomography angiography (1)
- Optical lenses (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Optisches Signal (1)
- Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) (1)
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery (1)
- Oral and maxillofacial trauma (1)
- Oral cancer (1)
- Oral food challenge (1)
- Oral immunotherapy (OIT) (1)
- Oral implantology (1)
- Oral therapy (1)
- Orale Antikoagulanzien (1)
- Orbital fracture (1)
- Orexin (1)
- Organ allocation (1)
- Organ failure (1)
- Organ injury (1)
- Organ motion (1)
- Organ rinse (1)
- Organ shortage (1)
- Organ support (1)
- Organ-confined (1)
- Organs at Risk (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Oroantral communication (1)
- Orphan disease (1)
- Orphan nuclear receptor (1)
- Orthodontic tooth movement (1)
- Orthodontist (1)
- Orthopaedics (1)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (1)
- Oryctolagus cuniculus (1)
- Oscillating saws (1)
- Osimertinib (1)
- Osmosensing (1)
- Osmostress (1)
- OspE (1)
- Ossifying fibroma (1)
- Osteoinduction (1)
- Osteonecrosis (1)
- Osteoporose (1)
- Osteoporosis diagnosis (1)
- Oswestry Disability Score (1)
- Otorhinolaryngological (1)
- Otorhinolaryngology (1)
- Outbreak (1)
- Outcome assessment [MeSH] (1)
- Outlier detection (1)
- Ovale (1)
- Ovarian cancer treatment (1)
- Ovarian carcinoma (1)
- Ovarielle Reserve (1)
- Ovartoxizität (1)
- Ovary (1)
- Over-the-scope clip (1)
- Overall survival (1)
- Overweight (1)
- Overwintering (1)
- Oxa1/YidC/Alb3 Membrane Insertases (1)
- Oxaliplatin (1)
- Oxanthrone Glucosyls (1)
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies (1)
- Oxidoreductases (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxygen consumption (1)
- Oxygen extraction fraction (1)
- Oxygen uptake (1)
- Oxygen-derived free radicals (1)
- P-TEFb (1)
- P-gp (1)
- P1NP (1)
- P23/PTGES3 (1)
- P2X3 (1)
- PACS (1)
- PAD-test (1)
- PAD4 (1)
- PAI-1 (1)
- PAM (1)
- PAPR (1)
- PAR (1)
- PARK4 (1)
- PARK6 (1)
- PARK7 (1)
- PATZ1 (1)
- PAX3/FOXO1 (1)
- PBBM (1)
- PBM (1)
- PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) (1)
- PBPK simulation (1)
- PBSC (1)
- PBX (1)
- PBX1 (1)
- PC12 neuronal differentiation (1)
- PC12APPsw (1)
- PC20 (1)
- PCA (1)
- PCP (1)
- PCSK9 protein (1)
- PCV (1)
- PD-1 inhibitor (1)
- PD20 (1)
- PDCD4 (1)
- PDD - Assessment - Screening (1)
- PDE (1)
- PDE inhibition (1)
- PDE‐5‐inhibitor (1)
- PDI (1)
- PDK1 (1)
- PDPK1 (1)
- PEA-15 (1)
- PEGylated PLGA (PLGA-PEG) (1)
- PEI (1)
- PELICAN (1)
- PEM-technology (1)
- PF-06273340 (1)
- PFL (1)
- PFOA (1)
- PFOS (1)
- PGC-1 alpha (1)
- PGC-1α (1)
- PHGDH (1)
- PHR1 (1)
- PI3K inhibitor (1)
- PI3K/mTor inhibition (1)
- PID prevalence (1)
- PIF pocket (1)
- PIK3CA (1)
- PIM kinases (1)
- PING (1)
- PKA (1)
- PKCδ (1)
- PKCε (1)
- PKD (1)
- PKD/IC (1)
- PLA (1)
- PLAGL1 (1)
- PLGA nanoparticles (1)
- PLK1 (1)
- PLK1 inhibitors (1)
- PLSC (1)
- PLX4032 (1)
- PLX4720 (1)
- PM (1)
- PMA (1)
- PMF (1)
- PMI (1)
- PMMA (1)
- PMNs (1)
- POCT (1)
- POLG (1)
- POR (1)
- PPAR (1)
- PPAR gamma activator (1)
- PPAR-γ (1)
- PPTC7 (1)
- PRG-1 (1)
- PRG5 (1)
- PRIMUM-Studie (1)
- PRLTS3 (1)
- PROM (1)
- PROMISE (1)
- PRRT (1)
- PRRT2 (1)
- PRoMPT (1)
- PSA screening (1)
- PSA-Screening (1)
- PTCH (1)
- PTCH-1 (1)
- PTDM (1)
- PTEN inducible kinase 1 (1)
- PTEN p53 Survivin (1)
- PTK2B (1)
- PTM (1)
- PTP-1B (1)
- PUMA (1)
- PV (1)
- PV loop (1)
- PWI (1)
- PXA (1)
- PYGL (1)
- PacBio SMRT sequencing (1)
- Paediatric Investigation Plan (1)
- Paediatric cancer (1)
- Paediatric oncology (1)
- Paediatric research (1)
- Paediatric trauma patients (1)
- Paediatrics (1)
- Pain behavior (1)
- Pain intensity (1)
- Pain patients (1)
- Pain prevalence (1)
- Pain scale MWA (1)
- Palacos reaction (1)
- Palliative Care [MeSH] (1)
- Palmitoylethanolamid (1)
- Pancreas transplantation (1)
- Pancreatic islet (1)
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (1)
- Pancreatic surgery (1)
- Pancreatitis (1)
- Pancreatoduodenectomy (1)
- Pandemic Ethics (1)
- Pandemics (1)
- Panel testing (1)
- Panic disorder (1)
- Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (1)
- Par-4 (1)
- Paracelsus, Asteroid (1)
- Paracetamol (1)
- Parainfluenza (1)
- Parameter estimation (1)
- Paramyxoviridae (1)
- Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (1)
- Paraneoplastic syndrome (1)
- Parapneumonic pleural effusion (1)
- Parasympathetic (1)
- Parcellation (1)
- Parent support (1)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (1)
- Parkinsonerkrankung (1)
- Parkinsons disease (1)
- Parodontitis (1)
- Parodontitistherapie (1)
- Partial agonist (1)
- Partial least square correlation (1)
- Particle image velocimetry (1)
- Particle load reduction (1)
- Particle number size distribution (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particle toxicity (1)
- Particles (1)
- Particulates (1)
- Passivrauch (1)
- Patch-Clamp-Methode (1)
- Patch-clamp (1)
- Patellarerkrankungen (1)
- Patellofemoral Joint (1)
- Path dependency (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathogen reduction (1)
- Pathogenicity (1)
- Pathogens (1)
- Pathologic changes (1)
- Pathological complete response (1)
- Pathologists (1)
- Pathology Section (1)
- Pathophysiologie (1)
- Pathophysiology (1)
- Patient Blood Management (PBM) (1)
- Patient Outcome Assessment (1)
- Patient Outcome Assessment [MeSH] (1)
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures [MeSH] (1)
- Patient and public Involvement (1)
- Patient care (1)
- Patient care planning (1)
- Patient education (1)
- Patient information materials (1)
- Patient isolation (1)
- Patient knowledge (1)
- Patient outcome assessment (1)
- Patient participation (1)
- Patient perspective (1)
- Patient portals (1)
- Patient preferences (1)
- Patient reported outcomes (1)
- Patient satisfaction (1)
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (1)
- Patient-centered care (1)
- Patient-reported outcomes (1)
- Patienten (1)
- Patientenaufklärung (1)
- Patientenportale (1)
- Patientensicherheit (1)
- Patientenstudie (1)
- Pattern classification (1)
- Pattern recognition receptors (1)
- Pattern separation (1)
- Pause (1)
- Pdgfrβ (1)
- Peanut allergy (1)
- Pedagogue (1)
- Pediatric burn injury (1)
- Pediatric fracture (1)
- Pediatric neuroimaging (1)
- Pediatric oncology (1)
- Pediatric orthopedic (1)
- Pediatric sarcoma (1)
- Pediatric stem cell transplantation (1)
- Pediatric surgery (1)
- Pediatrics [MeSH] (1)
- PedsQL (1)
- Peer Teaching (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Peer teaching (1)
- Peer-feedback (1)
- Peer-teaching (1)
- Peg3 (1)
- Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (1)
- Pelargonium sidoides questionable hepatotoxicity (1)
- Pelvic (1)
- Penetration (1)
- Penetrationsverstärker (1)
- Penile Neoplasms (1)
- Pentose Pathway (1)
- Peptid-Aptamer (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and proteins (1)
- Per1−/−-mice (1)
- Perceived stigma (1)
- Perceived vulnerability to disease (1)
- Percutaneous (1)
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (1)
- Percutaneous pinning (1)
- Percutaneous ultrasound (1)
- Performance (1)
- Performance Metrics (1)
- Performing Artists (1)
- Peri-implant disease (1)
- Pericardial effusion (1)
- Pericarditis (1)
- Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (1)
- Perilymph (1)
- Perimesencephalic (1)
- Perinatalzentren (1)
- Periodic (1)
- Periodontal disease (1)
- Periodontal diseases (1)
- Periodontal trauma (1)
- Periodontitis grades B and C (1)
- Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (1)
- Peripheral blood smears (1)
- Peripheral vascular disease (1)
- Periphere arterie (1)
- Periprocedural anticoagulation (1)
- Peritoneal macrophages (1)
- Peritumoural oedema (1)
- Perizyten (1)
- Peri‑implantitis (1)
- Perkutane transluminale Angioplastie (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Perrault syndrome (1)
- Persistence SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (1)
- Persistent depressive disorder (1)
- Persistent organic pollutants (1)
- Persistierender Ductus arteriosus (1)
- Personal medicine (1)
- Personal protective equipment (1)
- Personal stigma (1)
- Personalbelastung (1)
- Personalised medicine (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality disorder (1)
- Personality inventory (1)
- Personalized Medicine (1)
- Personalmangel (1)
- Personnel shortage (1)
- Perspective forum (1)
- Perspektivforum (1)
- Persönlichkeitsfaktor (1)
- Pertussis (1)
- Pessar (1)
- Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (1)
- Peyronie's disease (1)
- Pfannenstiel (1)
- Pflegeeinrichtungen (1)
- Pgrmc1 (1)
- Phage Display (1)
- Phakic (1)
- Phalangeal fractures (1)
- Phantom study (1)
- Phantoms (imaging) (1)
- Pharm-fMRI (1)
- Pharma Management (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaco-nutrition (1)
- Pharmacodynamic (1)
- Pharmacodynamics (1)
- Pharmacokinetic Interactions (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Pharmacological treatment (1)
- Pharmacometrics (1)
- Pharmacophore (1)
- Pharmacotherapy (1)
- Pharmacovigilance (1)
- Pharmacy setting (1)
- Pharmaka (1)
- Pharmakoepidemiologie (1)
- Pharmazeutische Chemie (1)
- Pharmazeutische Technologie (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Pharyngeal reflex (1)
- Phase 2 (1)
- Phase 3 (1)
- Phase 3 trial (1)
- Phase I clinical trial (1)
- Phase I trials (1)
- Phase II trial (1)
- Phase rotors (1)
- Phase-IV research (1)
- Phase-Proteine (1)
- Phase-reset (1)
- Phenazinderivate (1)
- Phenomenology (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phenprocoumon (1)
- Phenylketonuria (PKU) (1)
- Philadelphia Chromosome (1)
- Philadelphia Chromosome-positive leukemia (1)
- Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia (1)
- Philemon and Baucis (1)
- Philemon und Baucis (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phlyctenule (1)
- Phosphatase (1)
- Phospho-soda (1)
- Phospho-tau (1)
- Phosphodiesterases (1)
- Phospholipasen A2 (1)
- Phosphoproteome (1)
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/serum (1)
- Phosphopyruvathydratase/Serum (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photodynamische Therapie (1)
- Photodynamische Therapie (PDT) (1)
- Photographie (1)
- Photosensibilisator (1)
- Phraseological games (1)
- Phraseologie (1)
- Phraseologische Spiele (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical activity intervention (1)
- Physical and chemical properties (1)
- Physical and mental health (1)
- Physical comorbidities (1)
- Physical fitness (1)
- Physical self-perception (1)
- Physical therapist (1)
- Physician report (1)
- Physician-assisted suicide (1)
- Physics of Living Systems (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Physiotherapie (1)
- Physiotherapy (1)
- Phytochemicals (1)
- Phytopharmakon (1)
- Phänomenologische Soziologie (1)
- Pierre Robin sequence (1)
- Pill Count (1)
- PillCamColon2 (1)
- Pilocytic astrocytoma (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pilzsinusitis (1)
- Pim-1 (1)
- Pindar, Pythische Ode III (1)
- Pinhole IOL (1)
- Pink esthetic score (1)
- Pink1 (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Piriform cortex (1)
- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (1)
- Placental growth factor (1)
- Placental organoids (1)
- Plague (1)
- Planning target volume (1)
- Plantagearbeiter (1)
- Plantation workers (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plaque <Medizin> (1)
- Plasma fibronectin (1)
- Plasma proteins (1)
- Plasma transfusion (1)
- Plasma usage (1)
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (1)
- Plasmapheresis (1)
- Plasmapools (1)
- Plasmaprotein analyzer (1)
- Plasmaproteinanalysensysteme (1)
- Plasmaproteinbestimmung im Harn (1)
- Plasmaproteine (1)
- Plasmapräparate (1)
- Plasminogen (1)
- Plastic endoprosthesis (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastikstent (1)
- Platelet (1)
- Platelet dysfunction (1)
- Platelet lysate (1)
- Platelet releasate (1)
- Platzierung (1)
- Plausibilität (1)
- Play (1)
- Play sports (1)
- Pleasure (1)
- Plectin (1)
- Plethysmographie (1)
- Pleural empyema (1)
- Plk1 (1)
- Plättchen-Leukozyten-Aggregate (1)
- Plättchenaktivierung (1)
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (1)
- Pneumothorax (1)
- Poe, Der wahre Sachverhalt im Falle Valdemar (1)
- Point of care (1)
- Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) (1)
- Point-of-care wound diagnostics (1)
- Polarisierung (1)
- Polarity index (1)
- Policy implementation (1)
- Poliomyelitis (1)
- Polioviren (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Polo-like kinase 3 (1)
- Poly-Pore (1)
- Polyenfettsäuren (1)
- Polygenic risk score (1)
- Polyhexanide (1)
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (1)
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (1)
- Polymerase Kettenreaktion (PCR) (1)
- Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (1)
- Polymerasekettenreaktion (1)
- Polymorphismen (1)
- Polyphenole (1)
- Polyposis (1)
- Polyposis syndrome (1)
- Polyps (1)
- Polysomnography (1)
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid mediators (1)
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- Polyzystisches Ovarsyndrom (1)
- Política de Saúde (1)
- Ponatinib (1)
- Pooling (1)
- Poor solubility (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population-based screening (1)
- Porin regulation (1)
- Porphyromonas gingivalis (1)
- Portal (1)
- Porträt (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Portuguese population (1)
- Posaconazole serum level (1)
- Position paper (1)
- Positive mental images (1)
- Positron-emission tomography (1)
- Post mortem examination (1)
- Post mortem interval (1)
- Post surgery pain (1)
- Post treatment (1)
- Post-cesarean (1)
- Post-mortem genetic screening (1)
- Post-offence drinking (1)
- Post-processing (1)
- Post-thaw recovery (1)
- Post-transplant (1)
- Posterior Cerebral (1)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (1)
- Postmortem (1)
- Postmortem interval (1)
- Postoperative Complications (1)
- Postoperative anatomy (1)
- Postoperative infections (1)
- Postoperative nutritional management (1)
- Posttranslational modification (1)
- Postural sway (1)
- Posture (1)
- Postvention (1)
- Potassium channel Kir2.1 (1)
- Potassium iodide (1)
- Powered air-purifying respirator (1)
- Pp (1)
- Ppk (1)
- PrEP (1)
- Practical training (1)
- Practice (1)
- Practice-based Research Network (1)
- Practice-based research network (1)
- Praeklampsie (1)
- Praktische Fertigkeiten (1)
- Praktische Lehre (1)
- Praktisches Jahr (1)
- Pre-economic effects (1)
- Pre-emptive immunotherapy (1)
- Pre-operative radiotherapy (1)
- Pre-treatment drug resistance mutations (1)
- PreS1 deletion (1)
- Precision (1)
- Precision medicine (1)
- Precision oncology (1)
- Preclinical (1)
- Preclinical drug development (1)
- Precompetitive development (1)
- Prediction of locoregional recurrence (1)
- Predictive Modeling (1)
- Predictive medicine (1)
- Predictive model (1)
- Predictive modeling (1)
- Predictive processing (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Prefrontal cortex (1)
- Pregnant smokers (1)
- Premotor cortex (1)
- Prenatal ultrasonographic detection rate (1)
- Preoperative diagnostics (1)
- Preoperative radiochemotherapy (1)
- Prepontine (1)
- Presbyopia (1)
- Preseniline (1)
- Pressure distribution (1)
- Pressure measuring plate (1)
- Pressure pain (1)
- Presynaptic vesicles (1)
- Preußen (1)
- Prevention of Muscle Lesion (1)
- Preventive behavior (1)
- Pre‐Ligand Assembly Domain (PLAD) (1)
- Primary Care Health Centre (1)
- Primary Care Research Network (1)
- Primary breast lymphoma (1)
- Primary health care [MeSH] (1)
- Primary molars (1)
- Primary prophylaxis (1)
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Priorisierung in der Medizin (1)
- Pro.M.D. (1)
- Probenidentifikation (1)
- Procaine (1)
- Procedural Ethics (1)
- Procedural skills (1)
- Process Capability (1)
- Process Performance (1)
- Process Validation (1)
Institute
- Medizin (7501)
- Pharmazie (297)
- Biowissenschaften (271)
- Präsidium (255)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (238)
- Biochemie und Chemie (216)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (155)
- Georg-Speyer-Haus (130)
- Sportwissenschaften (130)
- Psychologie (94)
Background: Hepatectomy is a complex procedure with high morbidity and mortality.
Early prediction/prevention of major complications is highly valuable for patient care.
Surgical APGAR score (SAS) has been validated to predict post-surgical complications (PCs).
Goal: We aimed to define a simple complications classification following hepatectomy based on a therapy-oriented severity Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC).
Methods: 119 patients undergoing liver resection were included. PCs were determined at follow-up based on CDC. Clinicopathological factors were used to calculate SAS. A receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis estimated the predictive value of SAS for PCs. Circulating markers levels of liver injury were analyzed as critical elements on PCs.
Results: SAS (P=0.008), estimated blood-loss (P=0.018) and operation time (P=0.0008) were associated with PCs. SAS was reduced in patients with (+) compared to those without (-) complications (6.64±1.84 vs 5.70±1.79, P=0.0079). The area-under-the-curve was 0.646 by ROC, indicating an acceptable discrimination with 65% possibility to distinguish (-) and (+) groups (P=0.004).
Best cutoff value for SAS was ≤6/≥7, at which sensitivity and specificity were maximal.
ALT/ASL levels were significantly different within the group with 9-10 SAS points (P=0.01 and 0.02).
Conclusion: SAS provides accurate risk stratification for major PCs after hepatectomy, and might help improving the overall patient outcome.
Lungensonographie bei Patienten mit HIV und AIDS
Ziele und Methoden: Vor dem Hintergrund mehrerer retrospektiven Studien und Fallserien zur Anwendung des Lungenultraschalls zur Diagnose HIV-assoziierter Lungenerkrankungen führten wir eine prospektive Studie in der Abteilung für Infektiologie am Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt durch. Wir schlossen hierbei Patientinnen und Patienten ein, bei denen durch konventionelle Diagnostik eine Lungenerkrankung nachzuweisen oder auszuschließen war, und führten zeitnah zur konventionellen Diagnostik verblindete Ultraschalluntersuchungen durch. Diese wurden zudem verblindet von zwei weiteren Ultraschalluntersuchern reevaluiert, basierend darauf wurde die Interrater-Reliabilität zwischen den drei Befunden errechnet. Die konventionell-radiologischen Untersuchungen wurden verblindet von einem weiteren Radiologen befundet.
Ergebnisse: Wir untersuchten 80 HIV-positive Patienten, von denen 54 nachweislich eine pulmonale Erkrankung hatten. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren Pneumocystis jirovecii-Pneumonien (21 Fälle), bakterielle Pneumonien (17 Fälle) und andere Diagnosen (16 Fälle). Die Lungenultraschalluntersuchungen zeigten bei 90.7% der Patienten mit pulmonaler Diagnose und bei 34.5% der lungengesunden Patienten Auffälligkeiten. Die CT-Untersuchungen fanden Pathologien in 97.5% der Erkrankten und 27.3% der Gesunden. Röntgenuntersuchungen zeigten bei 78.1% der Erkrankten und bei 25% der Gesunden pathologische Befunde. Die häufigsten Pathologien in allen Modalitäten waren interstitielle Veränderungen. Diese zeigten in der Lungenultraschalluntersuchung keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den verschiedenen Lungenerkrankungen, waren jedoch signifikant häufiger als bei Patienten ohne Lungenerkrankung. Konsolidierungen und Pleuraergüsse waren im Lungenultraschall zwar häufiger bei Erkrankten, aber nicht signifikant gegenüber den Gesunden. Die Interrater-Reliabilität des Lungenultraschalls war hoch für interstitielle Pathologien (ICC=0.82) ohne nennenswerte Änderungen im Studienverlauf (r=-0.11), und niedriger bei Konsolidierungen und Ergüssen (jeweils κ=0.12) mit positivem Zusammenhang zur Studiendauer (r=0.88 für Konsolidierungen, r=0.37 für Ergüsse).
Diskussion: Lungenerkrankungen sind bei HIV-Patienten im Ultraschall am häufigsten durch interstitielle Pathologien nachzuweisen, diese allein erlauben allerdings keine Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Erkrankungen. Die Sensitivität der Ultraschalluntersuchung ist geringer als die der Computertomographie, jedoch höher als die Sensitivität des Röntgens. Interstitielle Pathologien werden bereits nach kurzer Lernphase reliabel identifiziert. Konsolidierungen und Ergüsse waren seltenere Befunde, und scheinen eine längere Lernphase zu benötigen, da die Interrater-Reliabilität im Verlauf der Studie ansteigt. In allen Modalitäten zeigten auch gesunde Patienten bildgebend Auffälligkeiten, was den positiv prädiktiven Wert bei niedrigerer Prävalenz negativ beeinflussen kann.
Lungensonographie bei Patienten mit COVID-19
Ziele und Methoden: Im Rahmen der seit Ende 2019 andauernden COVID-19 Pandemie boten sich die erlernten Sonographiekenntnisse für die bettseitige Diagnostik dieser neuen Lungenerkrankung an. Aufgrund der Pathogenität des neuartigen Erregers wandten wir die Lungensonographie zur Diagnostik unter Isolationsbedingungen an, um Transporte für konventionelle Bildgebung zu reduzieren. Bettseitig durchgeführte Lungensonographien bei SARS-CoV-2-positiven Patientinnen und Patienten wurden mit durchgeführter konventioneller Bildgebung im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Fallserie verglichen.
Ergebnisse: Die Ultraschalluntersuchungen von 17 Patientinnen und Patienten wurden ausgewertet, hiervon zeigten 14 Untersuchungen Pathologien. In neun Fällen wurden interstitielle Pathologien beobachtet, fünf dieser Fälle zeigten zusätzlich Konsolidierungen.
Drei Patienten hatten außer Konsolidierungen keine weiteren Pathologien. Pleuraergüsse wurden in drei Fällen beobachtet, Pleuraplaques bei einem Patienten. In 5 von 7 Fällen mit auffälligem Thorax-CT zeigte die Lungensonographie Pathologien. Die Lungensonographie zeigte in jedem Fall Pathologien, in dem auch das Röntgen auffällig war.
Diskussion: Diese Fallserie zeigt die Anwendung der Sonographie als bettseitige Lungendiagnostik unter Isolationsbedingungen. Interstitielle Pathologien und Konsolidierungen scheinen die relevantesten Hinweise auf eine pulmonale Beteiligung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Erkrankung zu sein. Wegen der geringen Fallzahl und des retrospektiven Designs ist die Aussagekraft dieser Substudie gering, jedoch zeigt sie die Umsetzbarkeit der Sonographie als bildgebendes Verfahren, wenn aufgrund notwendiger Isolationsmaßnahmen und hoher Fallzahlen konventionelle Bildgebung erschwert ist.
Aktivierende Mutationen der Fms-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) treten bei 25 % der Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) auf und begünstigen die unkontrollierte Proliferation maligner Blasten. Autophagie ist ein intrazellulärer Prozess, durch den zytoplasmatische Bestandteile lysosomal abgebaut werden und fungiert als intrazellulärer Homöostase-Mechanismus unter Stress-Bedingungen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, ob FLT3-ITD+-AML-Zellen vulnerabel gegenüber Autophagie-Hemmung sind.
Hierzu wurde zunächst untersucht, wie sich FLT3-ITD-Signaling und Autophagie unter basalen Wachstumsbedingungen gegenseitig beeinflussen. In einem genetischen Modell zeigte sich, dass FLT3-ITD-transformierte wachstumsfaktorunabhängige Zellen während ihrer fortgesetzten Proliferation vermehrt Autophagie betreiben. Lysosomale Autophagie-Inhibitoren zeigten jedoch unter diesen Bedingungen keine erhöhte Wirksamkeit gegenüber FLT3-ITD-positiven Zellen. Humane FLT3-ITD-positive AML-Zellen zeigten nach genetischer Deletion von ULK1 ebenfalls nur transiente und milde Proliferationsdefizite. Unter basalen Wachstumsbedingungen zeigte sich also keine erhöhte Vulnerabilität FLT3-ITD-exprimierender Zellen gegenüber Autophagie-Inhibition.
Daraufhin wurde die Bedeutung von Autophagie während pharmakologischer Hemmung von FLT3 untersucht. FLT3-Inhibition mittels AC220, einem FLT3-spezifischer Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor, induzierte bzw. steigerte die autophagische Aktivität ähnlich stark wie eine direkte mTOR-Inhibition. Dies ließ sich im Zellmodell therapeutisch ausnutzen: eine Kombinationsbehandlung mit AC220 und einem lysosomalen Autophagie-Inhibitor zeigte eine synergistische antiproliferative Wirkung. Dies stellt möglicherweise einen neuen rationalen Kombinationsbehandlungsansatz für die Therapie FLT3-ITD-positiver AML-Patienten dar.
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine auf datenwissenschaftlichen Methoden beruhende Analyse des aktuellen Wissens über mögliche kausale Zusammenhänge zwischen therapeutischen Morphinapplikationen mit Todesfällen dar, welche auf computergestützter Extraktion von Information aus frei verfügbaren Wissensdatenbanken und der Analyse der darin enthaltenen numerischen Information besteht. Die Relevanz der vorliegenden Analyse ergibt sich aus dem weltweit breiten Einsatz von Morphin zur Behandlung starker Schmerzen und der immer wieder vorkommenden Todesfälle während einer Morphintherapie, die regelmäßig zu Gerichtsverfahren mit den verschreibenden Ärzten als Angeklagte führen.
Morphin ist ein Opioid und zählt zu den starken Analgetika der WHO Stufe III. Bei der Applikation von Morphin kann es neben der gewünschten Analgesie auch zur Abflachung der Ventilation bis hin zum fatalen Atemstillstand kommen. In der Literatur wird die Inzidenz von Morphin-assoziierten Todesfällen mit 0,3 bis 4% angegeben. So kommt es in einigen Fällen auch zu strafrechtlichen Ermittlungen und Gerichtsverfahren mit dem Verdacht der vorsätzlichen Tötung oder sogar des Mordes. Die Frage, ob eine Morphinapplikation Ursache für den Tod eines Patienten war, ist nicht einfach zu beantworten, was mit einigen Besonderheiten von Opioid-Analgetika im Allgemeinen und von Morphin im Besonderen zusammenhängt. Für Morphin existieren z.B. keine genau definierten maximalen Dosen. Es wurden bisher lediglich Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, abhängig auch davon, ob ein Patient noch „opioid-naiv“ ist oder bereits Opioide einnimmt und damit ein Gewöhnungseffekt eingetreten ist, welcher neben der Analgesie die Gefahr des Atemstillstandes verringert. Grundsätzlich gilt immer, die Dosis so gering wie möglich und so hoch wie nötig zu halten. Die Dosis wird an die Schmerzintensität adaptiert, wobei nach keine maximal erlaubte Dosis existiert. Besonders bei terminal kranken Patienten ist die Kausalität zwischen therapeutischer Morphinapplikation und dem Tode oft fraglich, und es werden regelmäßig Gutachten eingeholt, die meistens von Rechtsmedizinern, Anästhesisten und klinischen Pharmakologen erstellt werden.
In diesen Gutachten müssen viele Faktoren, die die Wirkungen von Morphin bis hin zum letalen Ausgang beeinflussen können, diskutiert wurden, und die daher Hauptinhalt der vorliegenden Arbeit sind. Dazu gehören die verabreichten Morphindosen und die Konzentrationen von Morphin und seiner Metabolite im Blut, aber auch Charakteristika des Patienten, wie Alter, Vorerkrankungen wie z.B. Leber- oder Niereninsuffizienz, Komedikationen, oder pharmakogenetische Faktoren. Darüber hinaus spielt für die zeitliche Zuordnung einer Morphingabe mit dem Tode die verzögerte Verteilung Morphins an seinen Wirkort (das zentrale Nervensystem) eine wichtige Rolle.
Eine weitere Schwierigkeit, die sich bei Morphin-assoziierten Toden darstellt, ist die oft zur Debatte stehende verabreichte Morphindosis, die nachträglich aus den gemessenen Konzentrationen im Blut des Verstorbenen rekonstruiert werden soll, was oft nicht sicher möglich ist. Die postmortal gemessenen Konzentrationen von Morphin unterliegen relevanten Veränderungen aufgrund postmortaler Flüssigkeitsumverteilung oder des Zerfalls von Morphin, aber auch als Folge von Veränderungen während der Lagerung der Proben.
In unserer Analyse und Auswertung der vorhandenen Literatur zu diesen Themen kamen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass es gegenwärtig praktisch sehr schwer ist, eine Morphindosis oder -konzentration sicher mit dem Tod eines Patienten in Verbindung zu bringen. Somit bleibt jeder Todesfall individuell und kontext-abhängig und erfordert die Berücksichtigung weiterer Aspekte bei der der strafrechtlichen Aufarbeitung. Zudem kamen wir zu dem Entschluss, dass angesichts dieser bereits seit langen bekannten Problemen mit Morphin und aber auch anderen Opioiden (siehe “opioid crisis” in den USA), die Entwicklung von sichereren stark wirksamen Analgetika als Ersatz für Opioide dringlich ist.
Das Prostatakarzinom ist in Europa die häufigste Krebserkrankung des Mannes. Im metastasierten, kastrationsresistenten Zustand gibt es wenige Therapieoptionen. Als neuere Therapiemöglichkeit hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Radioligandentherapie (RLT) mit 177Lu-PSMA-617 hervorgetan. Die Myelosuppression ist allerdings ein potentiell dosis-limitierender Faktor bei der Radioligandentherapie.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, das Auftreten, den Schweregrad und die Reversibilität von hämatotoxischen Nebenwirkungen in einer großen Patientenkohorte zu unter-suchen, die sich einer RLT mit 177Lu-PSMA-617 bei metastasiertem kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC) unterzogen. Nach deskriptiver Analyse des behandelten Patientenkollektivs erfolgte die Identifikation von prädisponierenden Faktoren für das Eintreten von hämatologischen Nebenwirkungen. Dabei wurden insbesondere der Beitrag von Vortherapien, Behandlungsaktivität, Ausmaß der Knochentumorlast sowie eine prätherapeutisch bestehende Zytopenie berücksichtigt.
Die RLT wurde bei 140 Patienten durchgeführt, die insgesamt 497 Zyklen erhielten. Eine mittlere Aktivität von 6.9±1.3 GBq 177Lu-PSMA-617 pro Zyklus wurde in einem Median von 3 Behandlungszyklen verabreicht. Die mittlere kumulative Aktivität betrug 24.6±15.9 GBq. Hämatologische Parameter wurden bei Studienbeginn, vor jeder Behandlung, 2 bis 4 Wochen danach und während der gesamten Nachbeobachtung gemessen. Die Toxizität wurde anhand der Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 eingestuft.
Dabei zeigten sich signifikante (Grad ≥3) hämatologische unerwünschte Ereignisse bei 13 Patienten (9.3%). Davon 10 mit Anämie (7.1%), 5 mit Leukopenie (3.6%) und 6 mit Thrombozytopenie (4.3%). Die Hämatotoxizität war bis zu einem medianen Follow-up von 8 Monaten bei allen bis auf zwei Patienten, die innerhalb von weniger als 3 Monaten nach der RLT an einer Krankheitsprogression starben, reversibel auf Grad ≤2. Die Myelosuppression war signifikant häufiger bei Patienten mit vorbestehender Zytopenie Grad ≥2 oder hoher Knochentumorlast (disseminiert oder diffus). Eine vorangegangene taxan-basierte Chemotherapie war ebenfalls mit einer erhöhten Inzidenz signifikanter Hämatotoxizität assoziiert, während die Behandlung mit 223Ra-Dichlorid, die kumulative RLT-Behandlungsaktivität und die Aktivität pro Zyklus nicht signifikant korreliert waren.
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen somit, dass hämatologische Nebenwirkungen nach RLT eine akzeptable Gesamtinzidenz besitzen und häufig reversibel sind. Eine hohe Knochentumorlast, eine vorangegangene taxan-basierte Chemotherapie und eine Zyto-penie vor der Behandlung vom Grad ≥2 können als Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer klinisch relevanten Myelosuppression angesehen werden, während die kumulative RLT-Aktivität und eine vorangegangene 223Ra-Dichlorid-Behandlung keinen signifikanten Beitrag zur Inzidenzrate zeigen. Die Fragestellung ist von unmittelbarer Relevanz, da die Erkenntnisse entscheidend für die individuelle Risikoeinschätzung von Patienten mit mCRPC bezüglich der 177Lu-PSMA-617 beitragen.
Ziel der Arbeit ist es die Eigenschaften und die Häufigkeit von Rezidiven der primär und sekundär therapierten Basalzellkarzinome der MKPG, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit der Lokalisation und des Resektionsstatus zu evaluieren und mit den Ergebnissen der Literatur zu vergleichen, um ein optimiertes chirurgisches Vorgehen zu sichern.
Natural scene responses in the primary visual cortex are modulated simultaneously by attention and by contextual signals about scene statistics stored across the connectivity of the visual processing hierarchy. Here, we hypothesized that attentional and contextual top-down signals interact in V1, in a manner that primarily benefits the representation of natural visual stimuli, rich in high-order statistical structure. Recording from two macaques engaged in a spatial attention task, we found that attention enhanced the decodability of stimulus identity from population responses evoked by natural scenes but, critically, not by synthetic stimuli in which higher-order statistical regularities were eliminated. Population analysis revealed that neuronal responses converged to a low dimensional subspace for natural but not for synthetic images. Critically, we determined that the attentional enhancement in stimulus decodability was captured by the dominant low dimensional subspace, suggesting an alignment between the attentional and natural stimulus variance. The alignment was pronounced for late evoked responses but not for early transient responses of V1 neurons, supporting the notion that top-down feedback was required. We argue that attention and perception share top-down pathways, which mediate hierarchical interactions optimized for natural vision.
Herzkreislauferkrankungen führen weltweit weiterhin die Liste der häufigsten Todesursachen an. Dem frühzeitigen Erkennen kardialer Veränderungen kommt daher eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Erkennen subklinischer Veränderungen des Myokards mit Hilfe des myokardialen T1 Mappings und der Strain Analyse in der kardialen MRT mit der Bestimmung der Korrelation von T1 Mapping und Veränderung des myokardialen Strains war das primäre Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit. Das native T1 Mapping sollte dabei diffuse kardiale Fibrose erkennen, während die Strainparameter zur Analyse der subtilen kardialen Funktion dienten. Wenn eine vermehrte diffuse Fibrose eine Einschränkung der myokardialen Funktion bedeutet, so müssten sich das native T1 Mapping und die Strainparameter gleichsinnig verändern.
Eingeschlossen in die Untersuchung wurden Patienten, die im Rahmen ihres Klinikaufenthaltes an der Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim ein kardiales MRT erhielten und ihre Zustimmung zur Aufnahme in das geführte Register gaben. Alle durchgeführten MRT-Untersuchungen besaßen dabei eine medizinische Indikation. Die Untersuchung umfasste eine Blutentnahme sowie die Bildakquisition und das Ausfüllen eines Fragebogens. In der anschließenden Bildauswertung wurden das native T1 Mapping, eine Featuretrackinganalyse, sowie die reguläre diagnostische Beurteilung durch einen Facharzt durchgeführt. Die Patienten wurden anschließend nach ihren Diagnosen in Gruppen eingeteilt. Ein Jahr nach ihrer Untersuchung wurden die Patienten kontaktiert und erneut befragt, um den Anteil an „major adverse cerebro- and cardiovasculare events“ (MACCE) und der Gesamtsterblichkeit am Gesamtkollektiv festzustellen.
Es zeigten sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen nativem T1 Mapping und den Strainparametern, ebenso wie signifikante Zusammenhänge von schwächerer Effektstärke zwischen ECV und den Strainparametern. Das erhöhte native T1 Mapping ging mit verringerten Strainparametern einher, was auf eine vermehrte Fibrose schließen lässt. In der Überlebensanalyse bezüglich des allgemeinen Überlebens zeigte sich nur das native T1 Mapping als unabhängiger Prädiktor, während bei den MACCE zusätzlich auch die Anzahl der betroffenen Segmente im „late gardolinium enhancement“ (LGE) einen unabhängigen Prädiktor darstellten. Der globale longitudinale Strain (GLS) verfehlte bezüglich der MACCE knapp das Signifikanzniveau, zeigte aber eine Tendenz zur Signifikanz.
Natives T1 Mapping und, in begrenztem Maße, möglicherweise auch der Strain haben eine besondere Rolle in der Diagnostik und können bereits früh kardiale Veränderungen detektieren. Da die erhöhten T1 Zeiten als Marker für morphologische Veränderungen mit den Strains als funktionelle Parameter korrelierten, lässt sich spekulieren, dass Fibrose eine Einschränkung der Funktion bedingt.
Zur bisherigen Basisdiagnostik bei klinischem Verdacht eines PCa wird den aktuellen Leitlinien zufolge, neben einer fundierten Anamnese und körperlicher Untersuchung, die Bestimmung des PSA-Wertes gezählt. Seit nun mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich die PSA-Bestimmung zur Früherkennung, aber auch der Überwachung von Patienten mit bereits diagnostiziertem PCa bewährt. Ob die Bestimmung des PSA-Wertes die PCa-spezifische Mortalität adäquat widerspiegelt, wird allerdings in zahlreichen Expertenkreisen weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert. Anlässlich dessen soll die Erforschung neuer Biomarker dazu dienen, das Risiko eines aggressiven PCa gezielter zu erfassen und behandeln zu können. Die Arbeitsgruppe von Tsaur et al. hat in vorausgegangenen Studien auf das vielversprechende Potential von sE-Cadherin als möglichen Biomarker beim PCa hingewiesen [92]. Basierend darauf wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht, wie sich das Serumprotein sE-Cadherin auf PCa-Zelllinien vor allem in Hinblick auf die Metastasierung des PCa am in vitro Modell auswirkt. Die Experimente erfolgten an den beiden Androgen-resistenten Zellen PC3 und DU145 sowie der Androgen-sensitiven Zelllinie LNCaP nach Behandlung mit sE-Cadherin. Unbehandelte Zellen dienten jeweils als Kontrolle. Die ersten Versuche beschäftigten sich damit, eine Arbeitskonzentration des sE-Cadherins zu etablieren, welche nachfolgend für alle weiteren Versuche genutzt werden konnte. Die Arbeitskonzentration von sE-Cadherin wurde auf 5 µg/ml festgelegt. Mithilfe des MTT-Assays wurde nachfolgend das Zellwachstum untersucht. Auswirkungen von sE-Cadherin auf den Zellzyklus der genannten PCa-Zelllinien wurden mithilfe der fluoreszenzaktivierten Zellanalyse (FACS) nach erfolgter Zell-Synchronisation evaluiert. Der Einfluss von sE-Cadherin auf die einzelnen Schritte der Metastasierung wurde durch Migrations- und Invasions- sowie Adhäsions-Versuchen an Zellmatrixproteinen (immobilisiertes Kollagen und Fibronektin) untersucht. Mithilfe der Durchflusszytometrie konnte die Beeinflussung von sE-Cadherin auf die Integrinoberflächenprofile analysiert werden. Zur Evaluation relevanter Signalwege erfolgten Western-Blot-Versuche, in denen der Expressionsstatus von Integrin-assoziierten Signalproteinen untersucht wurde. Blockade-Studien dienten der Überprüfung der funktionellen Relevanz einzelner Integrine. Die Behandlung der PCa-Zellen mit sE-Cadherin in der Konzentration von 5 µg/ml führte zur signifikanten Abnahme des Tumorwachstums. Die Zellzyklus-Analyse zeigte einen vermehrten Zell-Arrest in der G0/G1-Phase sowie Abnahme der S-Phase. Des Weiteren führte die sE-Cadherin-Applikation bei allen drei PCa-Zelllinien zur Abnahme der Adhäsionsfähigkeit an Kollagen und Fibronektin. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte gleichzeitig eine Erhöhung der chemotaktischen Bewegung beobachtet werden. Unter der sE-Cadherin-Behandlung kam es zur signifikanten Veränderung der Oberflächenprofile der Integrin-Subtypen α3 und β1. Dessen physiologische Relevanz konnte in Blockadestudien überprüft werden. Es zeigte sich, dass beide Subtypen, jedoch insbesondere β1, in die Adhäsion und Chemotaxis involviert sind. Abschließend kann in Zusammenschau der Experimente und dessen Resultate geschlussfolgert werden, dass sE-Cadherin maßgeblich das Metastasierungspotenzial der verschiedenen Prostatakarzinomzellen steigert, indem es das Zellwachstum stagnieren lässt und gleichzeitig das Herablösen der Tumorzellen von der extrazellulären Matrix sowie den Anschluss an das Blut-/Lymphabflusssystem erleichtert.
Highlights
• Endothelial ageing contributes significantly to atherosclerosis.
• Non-coding RNAs are gaining interest as regulators of vascular biology.
• Several microRNAs regulate endothelial cell ageing.
• Multiple lncRNAs play a role in endothelial cell ageing.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and numerous other cardiovascular diseases develop in an age-dependent manner. The endothelial cells that line the vessel walls play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Non-coding RNA like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are known to play an important role in endothelial function and are implicated in the disease progression. Here, we summarize several microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that are known to have an altered expression with endothelial aging and discuss their role in endothelial cell function and senescence. These processes contribute to aging-induced atherosclerosis development and by targeting the non-coding RNAs controlling endothelial cell function and senescence, atherosclerosis can potentially be attenuated.
Background: Prostate cancer is a major health concern in aging men. Paralleling an aging society, prostate cancer prevalence increases emphasizing the need for efcient diagnostic algorithms.
Methods: Retrospectively, 106 prostate tissue samples from 48 patients (mean age,
66 ± 6.6 years) were included in the study. Patients sufered from prostate cancer (n = 38) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 10) and were treated with radical prostatectomy or Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, respectively. We constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) comprising representative malignant (n = 38) and benign (n = 68) tissue cores. TMAs were processed to histological slides, stained, digitized and assessed for the applicability of machine learning strategies and open–source tools in diagnosis of prostate cancer. We applied the software QuPath to extract features for shape, stain intensity, and texture of TMA cores for three stainings, H&E, ERG, and PIN-4. Three machine learning algorithms, neural network (NN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF), were trained and cross-validated with 100 Monte Carlo random splits into 70% training set and 30% test set. We determined AUC values for single color channels, with and without optimization of hyperparameters by exhaustive grid search. We applied recursive feature elimination to feature sets of multiple color transforms.
Results: Mean AUC was above 0.80. PIN-4 stainings yielded higher AUC than H&E and
ERG. For PIN-4 with the color transform saturation, NN, RF, and SVM revealed AUC of 0.93 ± 0.04, 0.91 ± 0.06, and 0.92 ± 0.05, respectively. Optimization of hyperparameters improved the AUC only slightly by 0.01. For H&E, feature selection resulted in no increase of AUC but to an increase of 0.02–0.06 for ERG and PIN-4.
Conclusions: Automated pipelines may be able to discriminate with high accuracy between malignant and benign tissue. We found PIN-4 staining best suited for classifcation. Further bioinformatic analysis of larger data sets would be crucial to evaluate the reliability of automated classifcation methods for clinical practice and to evaluate potential discrimination of aggressiveness of cancer to pave the way to automatic precision medicine.
Background: Patients with epilepsy often require a specialized treatment, which may differ because of the responsibility of the federal states for healthcare policy in Germany.
Objective: State-specific differences in healthcare structures based on inpatient hospital cases of epilepsy patients between 2000 and 2020 in relation to specialized treatment offers.
Material and methods: The inpatient hospital cases of the German federal states were evaluated using the Friedman test and time series trend analysis. A state-specific inpatient undertreatment or overtreatment of inpatient hospital cases outside the registered state was analyzed by comparing residence-related and treatment site-related case numbers with a threshold of ±5%.
Results: After age adjustment, significantly more inpatient cases were found in the “new states” compared to the “old states” (p < 0.001); the highest number of cases nationwide was found in Saarland with 224.8 ± 11.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The trend analysis showed an increase in cases until the end of 2016 with a trend reversal from 2017 and a further significant decrease in hospital cases in the COVID year 2020. A relative inpatient undertreatment was shown for Brandenburg, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia. Additional, possibly compensatory, inpatient care was found for all city states (Hamburg, Bremen and Berlin) and Baden-Wuerttemberg. In federal states with a relative inpatient undertreatment and/or high inpatient hospital case numbers, there was often a lower availability of specialized epilepsy centers, specialized outpatient clinics and epilepsy outpatient clinics.
Conclusion: In Germany there are state-specific differences in the structure of care, with higher inpatient hospital care in the “new states” and Saarland. In addition, there were federal states with disproportionately higher treatment of patients not registered in this federal state. A potential influencing factor may be the availability of centers with specialized treatment for epilepsy patients.
Eine barrierefreie Teilnahme am alltäglichen Leben stellt für Menschen mit aktiver Epilepsie häufig eine Herausforderung dar. Epileptische Anfälle können in Kindergarten, Schule und am Arbeitsplatz sowie im häuslichen Umfeld Unsicherheit und Überforderung hervorrufen. Individuell erstellte Pläne für Betreuende, Angehörige, Aufsichtspersonen und den Rettungsdienst sollen im Falle eines akuten Anfalls geeignete Handlungsanweisungen geben. Bisher gibt es hierfür im deutschsprachigen Raum keine standardisierten Vorlagen. Mit den Handlungsplänen bei epileptischen Anfällen für Laien (HEAL) bzw. Therapeuten (HEAT) werden hier 2 Formulare vorgestellt, die zum einen eine standardisierte Grundlage bieten und andererseits leicht auf den individuellen Bedarf angepasst werden können.
Eine barrierefreie Teilnahme am alltäglichen Leben stellt für Menschen mit aktiver Epilepsie häufig eine Herausforderung dar. Epileptische Anfälle können in Kindergarten, Schule und am Arbeitsplatz sowie im häuslichen Umfeld Unsicherheit und Überforderung hervorrufen. Individuell erstellte Pläne für Betreuende, Angehörige, Aufsichtspersonen und den Rettungsdienst sollen im Falle eines akuten Anfalls geeignete Handlungsanweisungen geben. Bisher gibt es hierfür im deutschsprachigen Raum keine standardisierten Vorlagen. Mit den Handlungsplänen bei epileptischen Anfällen für Laien (HEAL) bzw. Therapeuten (HEAT) werden hier 2 Formulare vorgestellt, die zum einen eine standardisierte Grundlage bieten und andererseits leicht auf den individuellen Bedarf angepasst werden können.
Caspase-2 is the evolutionary most conserved member of the caspase family and was shown to be involved in genotoxic stress induced apoptosis, control of aneuploidy, and ageing related metabolic changes. However, its role in apoptosis seems redundant due to the observation, that knockout does not inhibit apoptotic signalling exclusively. Instead, knockout of caspase-2 leads to tumor susceptibility in vivo, which led to the assumption, that caspase-2 has non-apoptotic functions and can act as a tumor suppressor. The underlying mechanism of the tumor suppressor activity of caspase-2 has not been clarified so far. Furthermore, caspase-2, has a prominent, and as pro-enzyme exclusive localisation in the nucleus and other subcellular compartments, implicating a distinct and location specific role.
In this study, a novel caspase-2 specific substrate, termed p54nrb, was identified. P54nrb is harbouring a caspase-2 specific cleavage site at the aspartate residue D422, and cleavage of p54nrb leads apparently to disruption of its putative DNA binding domain at the C-terminus.
P54nrb is a nuclear multifunctional RNA and DNA binding protein, known for roles in transcriptional regulation, DNA unwinding and repair, RNA splicing, and retention of defective RNA. Overexpression of p54nrb has been observed in several human cancers, such as cervix carcinoma, melanoma, and colon carcinoma.
Data from this study revealed, that depletion of p54nrb in tumor cell lines results in a loss of resistance to drug induced cell death and to reduced capability of anchorage independent growth, which is functionally equivalent to a reduced tumorigenic potential. Meanwhile, p54nrb depletion alone is not cytotoxic.
The investigation of p54nrb dependent gene regulations by high resolution quantitative proteomics uncovered an altering expression of multiple tumorigenic genes. For two of these candidates, the tumorigenic protease cathepsin-Z and the anti-apoptotic gelsolin, p54nrb dependent expression was detected universally in all three investigated tumor cell lines, cervix carcinoma, melanoma, and colon carcinoma. Additionally, a direct interaction of p54nrb with the cathepsin Z and gelsolin encoding DNA, but not with their corresponding mRNA, could be demonstrated.
Conjointly, this study unveils a novel mechanistic feature of caspase-2 as a tumor suppressor. The caspase-2—p54nrb axis can orchestrate the levels of several tumorigenic proteins and thereby determine the cell death susceptibility and long-term tumor survival. These findings might be of great value for future therapeutic interventions and for overcoming drug resistance of tumors.
Neuroendokrine Tumoren (NET) sind eine seltene Krankheit mit einem breitgefächerten heterogenen Erscheinungsbild, wodurch sich die Diagnose der Tumoren aus einer Vielzahl aus Gründen häufig um Jahre verzögert (1). In dieser Arbeit analysierten wir einen großen Datensatz in einem tertiären Referenzzentrum (UKF) von 1984-2019, um die Symptomatik vor der Diagnose des Tumors sowie den Zeitraum von der Tumormanifestation bis zur Diagnose weiter zu klären. Für die deskriptiven Analysen kamen SPSS, Cox-Regression und Log-Rank-Test zur Anwendung.
Insgesamt schloss die retrospektive Studie 488 gastroenteropankreastische (GEP)-NET mit 486 Patienten ≥ 18 Jahren ein, wovon knapp mehr als die Hälfte männlich (52,9%) waren. Das mittlere Alter bei Erstdiagnose (ED) betrug 58 Jahre (477/486, 9 unbekannt). Die häufigsten Primärtumorlokalisationen stellten Pankreas (143/488 Patienten) und Dünndarm (145/488 Patienten) dar. Die Mehrheit der NET waren langsam wachsende G1-Tumoren mit einem Ki67 < 3% (155/330). Die Hälfte der Patienten entwickelten im Verlauf Fernmetastasen, wobei die meisten bereits bei der ED vorlagen und insbesondere die Leber als Metastasierungsorgan dominierte. Bei mehr als 60% der Patienten konnten Angaben zur klinischen Symptomatik vor der ED detektiert werden, wovon wiederum mehr als die Hälfte symptomatisch waren. 42% der symptomatischen Patienten zeigten NET-spezifische Symptome (Bauchschmerzen 77/128; 60,2%, Durchfall 51/128; 39,8%, Flush 19/128; 14,8%, Karzinoidsyndrom 8/128; 6,3% Tachykardie 6/128; 4,7%). In der primären bildgebenden Diagnostik dominierten konventionelle Bildgebungen wie Sonographie und Computertomographie (CT), wobei nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik eine Seltenheit darstellte. Mehr als 30% der Tumoren wurden als Zufallsbefunde im Rahmen einer bildgebenden Diagnostik oder Operation diagnostiziert. Die Mehrheit der Patienten stellte sich initial außerhalb unserer Klinik vor, nur etwa 15% wurden innerhalb unserer Klinik insbesondere in der Gastroenterologie vorstellig, wo der NET diagnostiziert wurde.
Die Phase von der Tumormanifestation bis zur ED aller NET betrug im Median 17 Tage. Das Vorhandensein von Fernmetastasen sowie Symptomen führte zu keiner signifikanten Kürzung der Phase und einer schnelleren ED des NET (Median 65,5 vs. 90 Tage, p = 0,4).
Selective attention implements preferential routing of attended stimuli, likely through increasing the influence of the respective synaptic inputs on higher-area neurons. As the inputs of competing stimuli converge onto postsynaptic neurons, presynaptic circuits might offer the best target for attentional top-down influences. If those influences enabled presynaptic circuits to selectively entrain postsynaptic neurons, this might explain selective routing. Indeed, when two visual stimuli induce two gamma rhythms in V1, only the gamma induced by the attended stimulus entrains gamma in V4. Here, we modeled induced responses with a Dynamic Causal Model for Cross-Spectral Densities and found that selective entrainment can be explained by attentional modulation of intrinsic V1 connections. Specifically, local inhibition was decreased in the granular input layer and increased in the supragranular output layer of the V1 circuit that processed the attended stimulus. Thus, presynaptic attentional influences and ensuing entrainment were sufficient to mediate selective routing.
Ribosomes translate the genetic code into proteins. Recent technical advances have facilitated in situ structural analyses of ribosome functional states inside eukaryotic cells and the minimal bacterium Mycoplasma. However, such analyses of Gram-negative bacteria are lacking, despite their ribosomes being major antimicrobial drug targets. Here we compare two E. coli strains, a lab E. coli K-12 and human gut isolate E. coli ED1a, for which tetracycline exhibits bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, respectively. The in situ ribosome structures upon tetracycline treatment show a virtually identical drug binding-site in both strains, yet the distribution of ribosomal complexes clearly differs. While K-12 retains ribosomes in a translation competent state, tRNAs are lost in the vast majority of ED1a ribosomes. A differential response is also reflected in proteome-wide abundance and thermal stability assessment. Our study underlines the need to include molecular analyses and to consider gut bacteria when addressing antibiotic mode of action.
Human language relies on hierarchically structured syntax to facilitate efficient and robust communication. The correct processing of syntactic information is essential for successful communication between speakers. As an abstract level of language, syntax has often been studied separately from the physical form of the speech signal, thus often masking the interactions that can promote better syntactic processing in the human brain. We analyzed a MEG dataset to investigate how acoustic cues, specifically prosody, interact with syntactic operations. We examined whether prosody enhances the cortical encoding of syntactic representations. We decoded left-sided dependencies directly from brain activity and evaluated possible modulations of the decoding by the presence of prosodic boundaries. Our findings demonstrate that prosodic boundary presence improves the representation of left-sided dependencies, indicating the facilitative role of prosodic cues in processing abstract linguistic features. This study gives neurobiological evidence for the boosting of syntactic processing via interaction with prosody.
Das Verständnis von Tumorerkrankungen wurde durch neue technologische und ökonomische Verbesserungen für die Next-Generation-Sequencing Analyse (NGS) gefördert. Die Komplexität der Interpretation genomischer Daten erschwert jedoch die Anwendung von NGS-Analysen im klinischen Kontext. Die Herausforderung besteht darin bei stetig wachsendem medizinischem Wissen dieses im klinischen Kontext zu interpretieren und eine personalisierte Therapieempfehlung abzugeben. Einen ressourcensparenden Ansatz können KI-unterstützende Software-Programme bieten, welche die genomischen Varianten mit der aktuellen Literatur vergleichen, eine Bewertung der Therapieoptionen geben und klinische Studien empfehlen können. In dieser retrospektiven Arbeit wurden Patient:innen mit metastasiertem Brustkrebs (n=77) mittels gezielter NGS-Analyse anhand von sogenannten Genpanels mit 126 bzw. 540 krebsrelevanten Genen im Zeitraum von 01/2019-02/2022 untersucht. Mit Hilfe von bioinformatischen Methoden wurden patientenspezifische genomische Veränderungen mit Behandlungsoptionen abgeglichen. Diese Methoden stützen sich vollständig auf öffentliche Datenbanken über somatische Varianten mit prädiktiver Evidenz für das Ansprechen auf bestimmte Medikamente. Diese Versorgungsforschung einer repräsentativen Kohorte des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt in Kooperation mit Regionalverbund OncoNet Rhein-Main wurden systematisch ausgewertet inklusive der Bedeutung genomischer Varianten. Das OncoNet Rhein-Main ist eine Kooperation aus führenden onkologischen Zentren und Praxen im Rhein-Main-Gebiet, welche sich als Netzwerk der Aufgabe angenommen haben Patient:innen optimal therapeutisch zu versorgen. Für 51% (39/77) der Patient:innen konnte mindestens eine gezielte Therapieoption mit einem effektivem Biomarker im gleichen Tumortyp gemäß Zulassung der Europäischen Arzneimittelbehörde (EMA) gefunden werden.
Bei 12/77 (16%) wurde mindestens eine Alteration mit einem effektivem Biomarker und einer OFF-Label Therapieoption gefunden. Bei 30% der Patient:innen wurden Veränderungen in optionalen Biomarkern gefunden, welche Resistenzmechanismen erklären. Die umfassende molekulare Analyse von Patient:innen mit fortgeschrittenem Brustkrebs erlaubt die Behandlungsoption zu verbessern und ermöglicht durch die Analyse von bekannten Resistenzmarkern auch den klinischen Verlauf besser zu verstehen. Die interdisziplinäre Besprechung der Befunde im molekularem Tumorboard ist im Hinblick auf kontinuierliches Lernen aller Beteiligten sowie zur Qualitätssicherung eine entscheidende obligate Maßnahme.
Gastroschisis und Omphalozele zählen zu den häufigsten angeborenen Bauchwanddefekten. Dabei wird zwischen einfacher (ohne sekundäre Darmveränderungen) und komplexer (mit sekundären Darmveränderungen) Gastroschisis unterschieden. Bei der Omphalozele ist es wichtig, ob eine Protrusion der Leber vorliegt. Die Therapie beider Fehlbildungen besteht aus der Reposition der Bauchorgane in den Bauchraum und einem operativen Bauchdeckenverschluss in den ersten Lebenstagen.
Daten zu Langzeitverläufen nach dem operativen Bauchdeckenverschluss, insbesondere in Hinblick auf gastrointestinale Komplikationen mit erneutem chirurgischen Interventionsbedarf, sind in der Literatur rar.
Ziel dieser Studie ist es daher, die Inzidenz und die Art von operativen Eingriffen nach dem Bauchdeckenverschluss bei Patienten mit einer Gastroschisis und einer Omphalozele nach einem Bauchdeckenverschluss am eigenen Patientenkollektiv zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurden die Akten aller Patienten mit Gastroschisis und Omphalozele, die in der Klinik für Kinderchirurgie und Kinderurologie des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt von 2010 bis 2019 behandelt wurden, retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die Inzidenz von Operationen nach Bauchdeckenverschluss wurde anhand der mittleren kumulativen Ein-Jahres-Anzahl an Operationen pro Patienten und der kumulativen Ein-Jahres-Inzidenz der Operationen ermittelt.
Insgesamt wurden 61 Patienten identifiziert. Nach Ausschluss von vier Patienten (Krankenhausverlegung (ein Patient) und Versterben (drei Patienten)) konnten die Verläufe von 33 Patienten mit Gastroschisis (18 mit einfacher und 15 mit komplexer Gastroschisis) und 24 Patienten mit Omphalozele (je zwölf mit und ohne Leberprotrusion) ausgewertet werden.
Bei 23 Patienten mit Gastroschisis und bei 20 Patienten mit Omphalozele kam es innerhalb des ersten Jahres nach Bauchdeckenverschluss zu erneuten Operationen. Das Risiko sich einer erneuten Operation unterziehen zu müssen, war bei Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis signifikant höher als bei Patienten mit einfacher Gastroschisis (kumulative Ein-Jahres-Inzidenz: 64,3% vs. 24,4%; p= 0,05). Zwischen den beiden 6 Formen der Omphalozele bestand kein Unterschied in der Inzidenz chirurgischer Eingriffe. Im Median kam es bei Patienten mit Gastroschisis nach 84 Tagen und bei Patienten mit Omphalozele nach 114,5 Tagen zu einer erneuten Operation.
74% der Patienten mit Gastroschisis und 30% der Patienten mit Omphalozele wurden aufgrund einer gastrointestinalen Komplikation operiert. Die Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis hatten im Vergleich zu Patienten mit einfacher Gastroschisis ein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für eine Operation zur Behandlung einer gastrointestinalen Komplikation (kumulative Ein-Jahres-Inzidenz 64,3% vs. 11,1%; p= 0,015). In Bezug auf die Anzahl der Operationen pro Patienten und Jahr hatten die Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis und Patienten mit Omphalozele und Leberprotrusion die meisten operativen Eingriffe (kumulative Ein-Jahres-Anzahl 1,664 und 1,417 vs. einfache Gastroschisis (0,326) und Omphalozele ohne Leberprotrusion (0,333)). Dieses Verhältnis spiegelt sich auch in der kumulativen Ein-Jahres-Anzahl an Operationen mit gastrointestinalen Indikationen wider (komplexe Gastroschisis: 1,462 Operationen; Omphalozele mit Leberprotrusion: 0,500 Operationen; einfache Gastroschisis: 0,111 Operationen; Omphalozele ohne Leberprotrusion: keine Operation)
Nach dem Bauchdeckenverschluss kam es zu zwei Todesfällen bei Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis und zu drei Todesfällen bei den Patienten mit Omphalozele und Leberprotrusion. Bei den beiden Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis lag eine gastrointestinale Ursache vor (Leberversagen, Dünndarmvolvulus). Die Patienten mit der Omphalozele verstarben aufgrund assoziierter kardialer und pulmonaler Erkrankungen. Die Daten zeigen, dass Patienten mit Gastroschisis und Omphalozele im ersten Lebensjahr nach dem Bauchdeckenverschluss ein hohes Risiko für weitere Operationen haben. Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis und mit einer Omphalozele und Leberprotrusion haben das größte Risiko für eine erneute Operation nach Bauchdeckenverschluss. Bei Patienten mit einfacher Gastroschisis und Omphalozele ohne Leberprotrusion ist dieses Risiko gering. Die Mehrzahl der Operationen erfolgt aufgrund von gastrointestinalen Ursachen. Nur bei Patienten mit komplexer Gastroschisis tragen gastrointestinale Komplikationen zu einer erhöhten Mortalitätsrate bei. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit können für Aufklärungs- und Beratungsgespräche von Eltern von Kindern mit Gastroschisis und Omphalozele herangezogen werden.
Resilienz als Schutzfaktor vor der Entwicklung psychischer Erkrankungen ist angesichts der zunehmenden gesellschaftlichen Belastung durch chronischen Stress und stressassoziierte Folgeerkrankungen ein hochaktuelles Forschungsthema. Obwohl bereits zahlreiche Erhebungen zur Resilienz existieren, herrscht kein Konsens über die konkrete Operationalisierung des Konzepts. In der Folge differieren vorliegende Studienergebnisse stark voneinander, sind nur schwer miteinander vergleichbar und fraglich auf die Gesellschaft zu übertragen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher, ob Haarcortisol einen geeigneten Biomarker in der Resilienzforschung darstellt und einen Beitrag zur Vereinheitlichung und Objektivierung dieses Forschungsgebietes leisten kann.
Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde auf die Daten des aktuell laufenden Langzeitforschungsprojekts „Longitudinal Resilience Assessment“ der Universitätskliniken Frankfurt und Mainz aus den Jahren 2017 bis 2019 zurückgegriffen. Alle Proband*innen der psychisch gesunden Stichprobe (N= 192, 18-50 Jahre) füllten zu insgesamt drei Erhebungszeitpunkten nach Studieneinschluss und im Abstand von je drei Monaten Onlinefragebögen zur Ermittlung der aktuell vorherrschenden Stressexposition, der allgemeinen psychischen Gesundheit sowie des subjektiven Stresserlebens aus. Gleichzeitig fand die Entnahme von Haarproben für die Analyse der Haarcortisolkonzentration statt. Zum Studieneinschluss erfolgte ergänzend die Erhebung der Traumatisierung und negativen Erfahrungen im Kindesalter.
Mittels linearer multivariater Regression wurde ein Effekt möglicher anthropometrischer und soziodemographischer Einflussfaktoren auf die Cortisolkonzentration im Haar ausgeschlossen. Ferner wurde die Auswirkung der Lagerungszeit auf die Höhe der Cortisolwerte im Haar untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Haarproben mit einer kürzeren Lagerungszeit signifikant höhere Cortisolwerte aufwiesen als solche mit einer längeren Lagerungszeit. Die Stabilität der Cortisolkonzentrationen über die einzelnen Messzeitpunkte hinweg erwies sich dabei insgesamt nur als mäßig hoch. Zur Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen subjektivem und objektivem Stress, Traumatisierung und negativen kindlichen Erfahrungen, allgemeiner psychischer Gesundheit, Resilienz und HCC wurden Spearman-Rang-Korrelationen angewandt. Auch hier ließen sich keine statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge feststellen. Dennoch konnten bei Personen mit einer Veränderung des Stressniveaus während des Beobachtungszeitraumes eine insgesamt deskriptiv erhöhte Stressexposition sowie statistisch signifikant höhere Mengen an Haarcortisol beobachtet werden. Bei weiteren explorativen Datenanalysen innerhalb einer kleinen Subpopulation der Studienstichprobe konnten während des Einwirkens eines intensiven spezifischen Stressors erhöhte HCC-Werte in Verbindung mit schlechteren psychischen Gesundheitsergebnissen gebracht werden.
Auf Grundlage dieser Arbeit lässt sich kein relevanter Einfluss verschiedener Stressvariablen auf die Cortisolkonzentration im Haar ableiten. Auch die individuelle Resilienz steht in keinem Zusammenhang zum HCC. Die Ergebnisse der explorativen Untersuchungen deuten in Zusammenschau mit einer mäßig hohen Stabilität des HCC jedoch darauf hin, dass Haarcortisol ein veränderungssensitiver Biomarker sein kann. Bei intensiver spezifischer Stresseinwirkung steht es in Zusammenhang mit schlechteren Gesundheitsergebnissen und damit indirekt mit der individuellen Resilienz. In zukünftigen Arbeiten sollte untersucht werden, auf welche Weise die Höhe des Haarcortisols Hinweise auf die Auswirkungen einer spezifischen Stressexposition und damit auf den psychischen Gesundheitszustand eines Individuums liefern kann, um so Risikogruppen identifizieren und diese durch frühzeitige Interventionen vor der Entwicklung psychischer Erkrankungen schützen zu können.
The nucleus reuniens drives hippocampal goal‑directed trajectory sequences for route planning
(2023)
Goal-directed spatial navigation requires accurate estimates of one’s position and destination, as well as careful planning of a route between them to avoid known obstacles in the environment. Despite its general importance across species, the neural circuitry supporting the ability for route planning remains largely unclear. Previous studies described that place cells in the hippocampal CA1 encode the animal's next movement direction (Wood et al., 2000; Ito et al., 2015) and upcoming navigational routes (Pfeiffer & Foster, 2013). However, it has been shown that part of the CA1 activity representing the animal’s future behaviors is not necessarily generated in the hippocampus, but is derived from the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) via the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) (Ito et al., 2015). Notably, the importance of the PFC in navigation has been demonstrated in several studies, including the recent finding of a goal map in the orbitofrontal cortex (Basu et al., 2021). Therefore, I hypothesized that information flow from the PFC to CA1 via the RE plays a key role in route planning.
To assess the animals' route planning ability, I designed a new navigation task in which a rat has to navigate to a fixed target location from various starting positions in an arena. Furthermore, by adding an L-shaped wall in the maze and removing all light sources in the experimental room, this task forced the animals to plan a wall-avoiding route without relying on direct sensory perceptions. I confirmed that rats could learn this task successfully, memorizing the wall location and taking a smooth wall-avoidance route. To test the role of the RE, I inactivated RE neurons by expressing the inhibitory opsin SwiChR++, which resulted in a significant deficit in the animal’s route planning ability, taking a longer non-smooth path to the destination. By contrast, this manipulation did not affect navigation performance when a straight goal-directed route was available, suggesting a specific role of the RE in route planning. I further found that DREADDs-mediated inactivation of neurons in the bilateral hippocampi resulted in a similar deficit in route planning ability, implying cooperation between the RE and the hippocampus.
I finally examined the activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons with and without RE inactivation. While neurons in the hippocampus exhibited brief trajectory sequences corresponding to the animal’s subsequent goal-directed journey, I found that this goal-directed bias of trajectory events was significantly reduced by RE inactivation, likely associated with route-planning deficits in these animals.
Altogether, this dissertation demonstrates the role of the RE from both behavioral and neural coding perspectives, identifying a pivotal circuit element supporting the animal’s route-planning ability.
After myocardial infarction in the adult heart the remaining, non-infarcted tissue adapts to compensate the loss of functional tissue. This adaptation requires changes in gene expression networks, which are mostly controlled by transcription regulating proteins. Long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs) are taking part in fine-tuning such gene programs. We describe and characterize the cardiomyocyte specific lncRNA Sweetheart RNA (Swhtr), an approximately 10 kb long transcript divergently expressed from the cardiac core transcription factor coding gene Nkx2-5. We show that Swhtr is dispensable for normal heart development and function but becomes essential for the tissue adaptation process after myocardial infarction in murine males. Re-expressing Swhtr from an exogenous locus rescues the Swhtr null phenotype. Genes that depend on Swhtr after cardiac stress are significantly occupied and therefore most likely regulated by NKX2-5. The Swhtr transcript interacts with NKX2-5 and disperses upon hypoxic stress in cardiomyocytes, indicating an auxiliary role of Swhtr for NKX2-5 function in tissue adaptation after myocardial injury.
Diese Versuchsreihe beschäftigte sich mit der Fragestellung, ob günstige Handelsmarken- Zigaretten mehr Feinstaub als teure Markenzigaretten emittieren. Dabei wurde der Passivrauch untersucht, welcher durch das Verrauchen verschiedener Zigarettenmarken entstand. Feinstaub stellt heutzutage den wichtigsten einzelnen gesundheitsschädlichen Faktor in Innenräumen dar. Das Augenmerk liegt dabei hauptsächlich auf den feinen Partikeln (PM2,5, PM1). Tumore, chronische Atemwegserkrankungen und eine erhöhte Mortalität stellen nur einen Teil der massiven gesundheitlichen Folgen durch Feinstaub dar. Vulnerable Bevölkerungsgruppen wie Kinder und alte Personen sind besonders durch Passivrauch gefährdet. Die Ergebnisse der Versuchsreihe dienen als Grundlage, um den gesundheitsschädlichen Einfluss des Passivrauchs zu interpretieren. Günstige Handelsmarken-Zigaretten weisen, unter anderem wegen des beständig ansteigenden Zigarettenpreises als auch der anhaltenden Inflation in Deutschland, einen wachsenden Marktanteil auf. Daher müssen sie auch weiterhin in wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen mit einbezogen werden.
Drei teure sowie drei günstige Zigarettenmarken wurden miteinander und mit der Referenzzigarette 3R4F der Universität Kentucky verglichen. Zu den teuren Marken zählten Marlboro, Camel und Nil. Die günstigeren Handelsmarken-Zigaretten waren Giants, Goldfield und Jakordia. Die Rauchpumpe „Automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter“ (AETSE) ermöglichte in einem definierten Raum der abgeschlossenen Rauchkammer, Passivrauch zu erzeugen, ohne die menschliche Gesundheit zu gefährden. Ein standardisiertes Rauchprotokoll garantierte dabei reproduzierbare und vergleichbare Ergebnisse. Das Laser Aerosolspektrometer (LAS) Modell 1.109 der Firma Grimm wies eine Messspanne von 0,25 μm bis 32 μm auf. So konnte der Feinstaub gemessen und gruppiert werden. Obwohl der Versuchsaufbau nicht vollkommen realitätsgetreu war, entstand ein adäquater Vergleich der Feinstaubemissionen von (Handels-)Markenzigaretten.
PM10 und PM2,5 wurden erhoben, weil sie die von der EU und WHO standardisierten Messwerte für die Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub sind. Die Messung von PM1 rechtfertigt sich durch die stärker gesundheitsschädigende Komponente von Partikeln dieser Größenordnung. Für diese drei Größenfraktionen wurden die mittlere Konzentration Cmean sowie die Area Under The Curve (AUC) ermittelt. Die AUC stellt dabei die Höhe der Gesamtexposition durch Feinstaub dar.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuchsreihe zeigen, dass PM1 den größten Anteil der Feinstaubemission der getesteten Zigaretten ausmachte. Alle Zigarettenmarken haben in einem abgeschlossenen Raum Feinstaubmengen in gesundheitsgefährdender Menge produziert. Die Handelsmarke Jakordia emittierte beim Verrauchen generell weniger Feinstaub als alle anderen Zigarettenmarken. Im Allgemeinen konnte kein Unterschied zwischen den günstigen Handels- und den teuren Markenzigaretten festgestellt werden. Es ist wissenschaftlich belegt, dass sich jede Feinstaubkonzentration negativ auf die Gesundheit auswirkt. Die Ergebnisse können dementsprechend in Gänze unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Gesundheitsschädlichkeit eingestuft werden.
Aufgrund veralteter und unspezifischer, beziehungsweise fehlender Angaben zu den Inhaltsstoffen der einzelnen Zigarettensorten, konnte die Ursache der Unterschiede zwischen Jakordia und den anderen Marken nicht geklärt werden. Die Zigarettenhersteller müssen verpflichtet werden, die detaillierten Zusammensetzungen der Tabakprodukte den Behörden wie dem BMEL oder dem Bundesgesundheitsministerium zugänglich zu machen. Dies wäre ein wichtiger Bestandteil für die zukünftige Forschung und Risikobewertung der verschiedenen Inhalts- und Zusatzstoffe.
Das Ziel in der vorliegenden systematischen Literaturrecherche ist es, den aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die Erfolgsfaktoren von Einzelzahnimplantaten, bei denen eine Sofortbelastung auf den provisorischen Implantatkronen zum Antagonisten erfolgt, wiederzugeben. In diesem Rahmen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen der Implantatüberlebensrate, der Primärstabilität, der Implantatregion, des Implantatdesigns und des Implantationszeitpunktes getrennt nach okklusalem Belastungsprotokoll (mit versus ohne antagonistische Okklusionskontakte auf den provisorischen Implantatkronen) und der postoperativen Verhaltensweisen der Patienten analysiert. Der Prozess der systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde nach den PRISMA-Guidelines für den Suchzeitraum von 2012 bis 2022 durchgeführt.
Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine qualitative Analyse in deskriptiver Form durchgeführt.
In den analysierten Studien, wurde am häufigsten ein Eindrehmoment von ≥ 35 Ncm als Kriterium für eine Sofortbelastung gewählt. Die meisten Implantate wurden in der Oberkieferregion 15 bis 25 inseriert. Bei den Implantatkronen mit antagonistischen Okklusionskontakten fielen die Überlebensraten insgesamt niedriger aus als in den Studien, in denen die Implantatkronen ohne antagonistische Okklusionskontakte eingegliedert wurden. Die Überlebensraten waren weitestgehend vergleichbar mit den Ergebnissen konventioneller Belastungsprotokolle. Die Datenlage anhand dieser Recherche spricht zurzeit für die Realisierung der Sofortbelastung von provisorischen Implantatkronen ohne antagonistische Okklusionskontakte in Verbindung mit postoperativen Verhaltensmaßnahmen.
Precise regulation of gene expression networks is required to develop and maintain a healthy organism before and after birth and throughout adulthood. Such networks are mostly comprised of regulatory proteins, but meanwhile many long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs) are shown to participate in these regulatory processes. The functions and mechanisms of these lncRNAs vary greatly, however they are often associated with transcriptional regulation. Three lncRNAs, namely Sweetheart RNA (Swhtr), Fetal-lethal noncoding developmental regulatory RNA / Foxf1 adjacent non-Coding developmental regulatory RNA (Fendrr) and lncFsd2, were studied in this work to demonstrate the variety of cellular and biological processes that require lncRNA-mediated fine-tuning, in regard to the cardiopulmonary system.
Swhtr was found to be expressed exclusively in cardiomyocytes and became critical for regeneration after myocardial injury. Mice lacking Swhtr did not show issues under normal conditions, but failed to undergo compensatory hypertrophic remodeling after injury, leading to increased mortality. This effect was rescued by re-expressing Swhtr, demonstrating importance of the RNA. Genes dependent on Swhtr during cardiac stress were found to likely be regulated by NKX2-5 through physical interaction with Swhtr. Fendrr was found to be expressed in lung and interacted with target promoters through its RNA:dsDNA binding domain, the FendrrBox, which was partially required for Fendrr function. Fendrr, together with activated WNT signaling, regulated fibrosis related target genes via the FendrrBox in fibroblasts. LncFsd2, an ubiquitously expressed lncRNA, showed possible interaction with the striated muscle specific Fsd2, but its exact function and regulatory role remain unclear in muscle physiology. Immunoprecipitation and subcellular fractionation experiments suggest that lncFsd2 might be involved in nuclear retention of Fsd2 mRNA, thus fine-tuning FSD2 protein expression. These investigations have shed light on the roles of these lncRNAs in stress responses, fibrosis-related gene regulation, and localization processes, advancing our understanding of cardiovascular and pulmonary maintenance, reaction to injury, and diseases. The diverse and intricate roles of these three lncRNAs highlight how they influence various cellular processes and disease states, offering avenues for exploring lncRNA functions in different biological contexts.
Long non-coding RNAs are a very versatile class of molecules that can have important roles in regulating a cells function, including regulating other genes on the transcriptional level. One of these mechanisms is that RNA can directly interact with DNA thereby recruiting additional components such as proteins to these sites via an RNA:dsDNA triplex formation. We genetically deleted the triplex forming sequence (FendrrBox) from the lncRNA Fendrr in mice and found that this FendrrBox is partially required for Fendrr function in vivo. We found that the loss of the triplex forming site in developing lungs causes a dysregulation of gene programs associated with lung fibrosis. A set of these genes contain a triplex site directly at their promoter and are expressed in lung fibroblasts. We biophysically confirmed the formation of an RNA:dsDNA triplex with target promoters in vitro. We found that Fendrr with the Wnt signalling pathway regulates these genes, implicating that Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling in lung fibrosis.
Oxytocin, welches primär als Hormon bekannt ist, beeinflusst als Neuromodulator viele kognitive Prozesse, die an sozialem Verhalten, wie Sprache, beteiligt sind. Einerseits verändert es akustische Merkmale von gesprochener Sprache, andererseits erleichtert es auf perzeptueller Ebene die Emotionserkennung in der Sprachwahrnehmung und Körpersprache. Bislang war nicht bekannt, wie Oxytocin Hirnaktivität während des Sprechens verändert. Wir hypothetisierten, dass dieser Neuromodulator ähnlich wie Dopamin kortiko-basale Schaltkreise bahnen könnte.
Wir führten eine doppelt-verblindete Verhaltens- und funktionelle Kernspintomographiestudie durch, in der 52 gesunde Probanden an zwei getrennten Untersuchungsterminen entweder intranasales Oxytocin oder ein Placebo erhielten. Die Teilnehmer lasen Sätze außerhalb des Kernspintomographen und im Scanner leise oder laut mit entweder neutraler oder fröhlicher Intonation vor.
Die Verabreichung von Oxytocin erhöhte den zweiten Formanten der produzierten Vokale. Höhere Frequenzen dieses akustischen Parameters wurden zuvor mit einer positiven Valenz gesprochener Sprache in Verbindung gebracht; jedoch konnten unabhängige Beurteiler*innen die akustischen Unterschiede in unserem experimentellen Setting nicht konsistent unterscheiden.
Als neuronales Korrelat verstärkte Oxytocin die präparatorische subkortikale Gehirnaktivität im ventralen Pallidum und Striatum. Auch kortikal erhöhte Oxytocin präparatorische Gehirnaktivität in Regionen des dorsalen wie auch des ventralen Sprachverarbeitungsstroms, in sensomotorischen Kortizes und limbischen sowie exekutiven Regionen. In einigen dieser Regionen modulierte der genetische Oxytocin- Rezeptor-Polymorphismus rs53576 die durch die Oxytocin-Verabreichung verursachte Gehirnaktivität. Ähnlich wie Dopamin modulierte Oxytocin außerdem kortiko-basale Schaltkreise, die an der Generierung von fröhlicher Prosodie beteiligt sind. Während der Vorbereitung von Sprache erhöhte der Neuromodulator die funktionelle Konnektivität zwischen dem ventralem Pallidum und dem dorsolateralen präfrontalen Kortex mit einem spiegelbildlichen Profil während des eigentlichen Sprechens, einen Effekt den wir als „gating“ (Bahnung) interpretierten.
Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass mehrere neuronale Prozesse, die der Sprachproduktion zugrundeliegen, durch Oxytocin moduliert werden. Das Muster ähnelt hierbei dem anderer Neuromodulatoren wie Dopamin. Die vorliegende Arbeit charakterisiert somit erstmals Oxytocineffekte auf die mit Sprachproduktion assoziierte Hirnaktivität und funktionelle Konnektivität.
Measurements of vertical velocity from vertically pointing Doppler lidars are used to derive the profiles of normalized vertical velocity variance. Observations were taken during the FESSTVaL (Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg) campaign during the warm seasons of 2020 and 2021. Normalized by the square of the convective velocity scale, the average vertical velocity variance profile follows the universal profile of Lenschow et al. (1980). However, daily profiles still show a high day-to-day variability. We found that moisture transport and the content of moisture in the boundary layer could explain the remaining variability of the normalized vertical velocity variance. The magnitude of the normalized vertical velocity variance is highest on clear-sky days and decreases as the absolute humidity increases and surface latent heat flux decreases on cloud-topped days. This suggests that moisture content and moisture transport are limiting factors for the intensity of turbulence in the convective boundary layer. We also found that the intensity of turbulence decreases with an increase in the boundary layer cloud fraction during FESSTVaL, while the latent heating in the cloud layer was not a relevant source of turbulence in this case. We conclude that a new vertical velocity scale has to be defined that would take into account the moist processes in the convective boundary layer.
Tobacco smoke-associated particulate matter emissions in a car cabin using the TAPaC platform
(2023)
Zigarettenrauch enthält bis zu 5000 Inhaltsstoffe, von denen mindestens 250 gesundheits-schädlich und 98 krebserregend sind. Der freigesetzte Feinstaub erreicht hohe Konzentrati-onen in Innenräumen und ist somit besonders schädlich für Passivraucher (z.B. Kinder).
Ziel war es eine Messplattform zu etablieren, mit dessen Hilfe die Feinstaubexposition durch Zigarettenrauch im Fahrzeuginnenraum unter unterschiedlichen ventilatorischen Szenarien untersucht werden konnte. Zudem sollte der Einfluss verschiedener Tabakprodukte auf die Feinstaubkonzentration getestet werden.
Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation wird die neuartige TAPaC Messplattform (tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform) vorgestellt. Sie erlaubt die Auswirkungen verschiedener ventilatorischer Sze-narien auf die Feinstaubemission von Zigarettenrauch im Auto besser beurteilen zu können. Da niemand gesundheitsschädlichem Tabakrauch ausgesetzt wird, kann sie ohne jegliche ethische Bedenken eingesetzt werden. Die Zigaretten werden hierbei einzeln auf der Beifahrerseite verraucht. Der beim Rauchen freigesetzte Feinstaub wird auf der Fahrerseite gemessen und in PM10 (Partikel mit einem aerodynamischen Durchmesser <10 µm), PM2,5 (Partikel mit einem aerodynamischen Durchmesser <2,5 µm), und PM1 (Partikel mit einem aerodynamischen Durchmesser <1 µm) unterteilt. Hierbei konnten unter der Verwendung von 3R4F Research Cigarettes extrem hohe Feinstaubmesswerte bei geschlossenen Fenstern und ausgeschalteter Lüftung nachgewiesen werden (PM10: 1608 µg/m3, PM2,5: 1583 µg/m3, PM1: 1133 µg/m3). Diese Daten stellen Durchschnittwerte nach 10-minütiger Messung dar. Auch konnte eine Reduktion der Feinstaubkonzentration (PM10: -70,8 bis -74,4%, PM2,5: -70,6 bis -74,3%, PM1: -64,0 bis -68,0%) durch den Einsatz der Lüftung nachgewiesen werden.
Der zweite Teil dieser Dissertation befasste sich maßgeblich mit dem Einfluss unterschiedlicher ventilatorischer Szenarien auf die Feinstaubkonzentrationen im Auto. Unter Verwen-dung von drei unterschiedlichen Zigarettenprodukten (3R4F Research Cigarettes, Marlboro Red, Marlboro Gold) wurden insgesamt 7 ventilatorische Szenarien (Condition C1b–C7b) getestet. Für alle Szenarien, mit Ausnahme von C1b, war die Autolüftung auf Stufe 2/4 ge-stellt und in Richtung der Windschutzscheibe gerichtet. Die Szenarien beinhalteten: Condition 1 (C1b) Fenster geschlossen, Autolüftung aus und externer Ventilator aus, Condition 2 (C2b) Fenster 10 cm geöffnet und externer Ventilator aus, Condition 3 (C3b) Fenster 10 cm geöffnet und externer Ventilator auf höchster Stufe (3/3) an, Condition 4 (C4b) Fenster halb geöffnet und externer Ventilator aus, Condition 5 (C5b) Fenster halb geöffnet und externer Ventilator auf höchster Stufe (3/3) an, Condition 6 (C6b) Fenster vollständig geöffnet und externer Ventilator aus und Condition 7 (C7b) Fenster vollständig geöffnet und externer Ventilator auf höchster Stufe (3/3) an.
Es zeigten sich besonders hohe Feinstaubkonzentrationen bei Zigaretten, welche ohne Ventilation bei geschlossenem Fenster verraucht wurden. Unabhängig von der verwendeten Marke war die Feinstaubbelastung nach 10 min unter C1b (PM10: 1272–1697 µg/m3, PM2,5: 1253–1659 µg/m3, PM1: 964–1263 µg/m3) deutlich höher als unter C2b (PM10: 67–84 µg/m3, PM2,5: 68–83 µg/m3, PM1: 66–79 µg/m3), C3b (PM10: 100–139 µg/m3, PM2,5: 99–138 µg/m3, PM1: 95–132 µg/m3), C4b (PM10: 84–94 µg/m3, PM2,5: 84–93 µg/m3, PM1: 81–89 µg/m3), C5b (PM10: 94–120 µg/m3, PM2,5: 93–119 µg/m3, PM1: 90–114 µg/m3), C6b (PM10: 155–196 µg/m3, PM2,5: 154–195 µg/m3, PM1: 148–184 µg/m3), und C7b (PM10: 74–99 µg/m3, PM2,5: 72–97 µg/m3, PM1: 69–93 µg/m3). Ebenfalls wurden Feinstaubspitzenwerte bei 4,5 min und 10 min ausgewertet. Bei 4,5 min konnte PM10 unter C2b–C7b um 81,6–93,3% im Vergleich zu C1b reduziert werden. Bei 10 min sogar um 92,9–99,3%. Die 3R4F Zigarette hatte die höchste Feinstaubemission gefolgt von Marlboro Rod und Marlboro Gold. Zudem zeigte sich, dass die Feinstaubemission auch von den Tabakinhaltsstoffen und dessen Konzentrationen abhängig ist.
Die Etablierung der neuen Messplattform ermöglicht die Erforschung von Feinstaubexpositionen durch Zigarettenrauch im Auto ohne potentiell gesundheitliche Folgen. In Zusammenschau der Daten ließ sich nach Öffnen des Fensters und unter Einflussnahme verschiedener ventilatorischer Einstellungen eine deutliche Reduktion der Feinstaubkonzentration im Auto feststellen. Nichtsdestotrotz bleibt die Feinstaubbelastung im Autoinnenraum zu hoch und übersteigt die Richtwerte der Air Quality Guidelines aus dem Jahre 2021 der WHO. Die experimentell untersuchten Belüftungsszenarien sind somit insuffizient, da sie nicht vor der toxischen Feinstaubexposition durch Passivrauch beim Autofahren schützen können.
Im Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit stand die Fragestellung, inwieweit ORF10 von B. recurrentis, dem Erreger des Läuserückfallfiebers, mit verschiedenen Komplementkomponenten interagieren kann.
Mit funktionellen Komplementtests konnte gezeigt werden, dass ORF10 den klassischen, den alternativen sowie den Lektin-Weg inhibiert, wobei sich die stärkste Inhibition gegenüber dem alternativen Weg manifestierte. Darüber hinaus ließ sich in einem Zell-basierten Hämolyse-Assay eine Inhibition des terminalen Komplementweges durch ORF10 nachweisen.
Die durchgeführten Bindungsanalysen mit verschiedenen Komplementkomponenten führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass ORF10 mit C1q, C1s, C3, C3b, C4b und C5 interagiert und diese Protein-Protein-Interaktion mit den Komplementkomponenten C1q, C3, C3b und C4b durch einen dosisabhängigen Verlauf charakterisiert ist. Eine Bindung von C1r, C2, C4, FB, FH sowie FI konnte jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Auf Basis der modellierten Struktur von ORF10 wurden mithilfe der In-vitro-Mutagenese drei verschiedene Varianten generiert, die jedoch nicht affinitätschromatographisch aus E. coli-Zelllysaten isoliert werden konnten und deshalb nicht für weiterführende funktionelle Analysen zur Verfügung standen.
Die Ergebnisse der Serumbakterizidie-Tests mit einem „gain of function“-Borrelienstamm, welcher ORF10 heterolog produzieren sollte, ergaben, dass keine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber Humanserum nachgewiesen werden konnte. Inwieweit ORF10 bei der intrinsischen Serumresistenz von B. recurrentis beteiligt ist, lässt sich abschließend nicht vollumfänglich erklären.
Angesichts der Bedrohung durch den Klimawandel sind Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen dringend notwendig. Obwohl auf den Gesundheitssektor 5 bis 10 % der nationalen Treibhausgasemissionen entfallen, spielt das Thema Nachhaltigkeit in deutschen Kliniken bisher nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Studien der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, dass die Nutzung von Mehrwegartikeln gegenüber der Nutzung von Einwegartikeln in der Anästhesiologie einen Vorteil in Bezug auf die CO2-Emissionen bieten kann. Gleichzeitig stehen Kliniken vor der Herausforderung, kosteneffizient zu handeln. In der vorliegenden Promotionsarbeit werden deshalb die CO2-Emissionen sowie die Kosten von Einweg-Beatmungsschlauchsystemen, Einweg-Beatmungsmasken und Einweg-Laryngoskopspateln im Zentral-OP des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt pro Nutzung ermittelt und diese mit den Kosten sowie den CO2-Emissionen von entsprechenden Mehrweg-Alternativen pro Nutzung verglichen. Daraus soll eine Handlungsempfehlung für die künftige Verwendung von Mehrwegmaterial oder Einwegmaterial abgeleitet und ein Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeit in der Anästhesiologie geleistet werden.
Methodisch wurde eine deskriptive Untersuchung umgesetzt. Die Daten wurden anhand von Informationen, die von den Produktherstellern, der Host Energie GmbH, der Abteilung Einkauf und den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Materialaufbereitung des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt zur Verfügung gestellt wurden sowie durch eigene Erhebung gesammelt. Die Kosten pro Nutzung wurden anhand der realen Bezugspreise aus dem Jahr 2022 für die Einwegmaterialien bzw. der Angebote der Anbieter für die Mehrwegprodukte errechnet. Die Kosten der Entsorgung wurden gewichtsbezogen addiert. Für die Mehrwegartikel wurden zudem die Kosten der Aufbereitung berücksichtigt. Für die Kalkulationen der CO2-Emissionen wurden die Konversionsfaktoren des DEFRA aus Großbritannien verwendet, die bei bekanntem Produktgewicht eine näherungsweise Bestimmung der Treibhausgasemissionen der Materialproduktion, der Entsorgung und der Aufbereitung erlauben. Patientendaten wurden nicht verwendet, so dass weder ein Ethikvotum noch ein Datenschutzvotum erforderlich waren.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle untersuchten Mehrwegartikel pro Nutzung günstiger sind als die äquivalenten Einwegartikel, wobei der Preisunterschied bei den Laryngoskopspateln am größten ist. Diese kosten als Einwegartikel 2,66 € pro Nutzung, die Mehrweg-Alternative 0,12 € pro Nutzung. Gleichzeitig sind die Treibhausgasemissionen pro Nutzung für alle untersuchten Mehrwegartikel niedriger als für die entsprechenden Einwegartikel. Der Unterschied ist hier ebenfalls bei den Laryngoskopspateln am größten. Ein Einweg-Laryngoskopspatel der Größe 4 generiert pro Nutzung 0,228 kg CO2-Äquivalent, wohingegen die Mehrweg-Alternative nur 0,093 kg CO2-Äquivalent verursacht.
Im Fazit ergibt sich dadurch, dass die Verwendung von Mehrweg-Beatmungsschlauchsystemen, Mehrweg-Beatmungsmasken und Mehrweg-Laryngoskopspateln für das Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt einen sowohl ökonomischen als auch ökologischen Vorteil gegenüber der Verwendung der Einwegartikel bietet. Die Umstellung zu Mehrwegartikeln in der Anästhesiologie hat somit nicht nur das Potenzial Kosten einzusparen, sondern auch den CO2-Fußabdruck im Gesundheitssektor zu senken.
This work aimed to investigate the regulation and activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the central enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis, in two colorectal cancer cell lines. The leukotriene pathway is positively correlated with the progression of several solid malignancies; however, factors regulating 5-LO expression and activity in tumors are poorly understood.
Cancer development, as well as cancer progression, are strongly dependent on the tumor microenvironment. In the conventional monolayer culture of cancer cell lines, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions present in native tumors are absent. Furthermore, it is already known that various colon cancer cell lines dysregulate several important signaling pathways due to 3D growth. Therefore, the expression of the leukotriene cascade in HT-29 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells was investigated within a three-dimensional context using multicellular tumor spheroids to mimic a more physiological environment compared to conventional cell culture. Especially the expression of 5-LO, cPLA2α, and LTA4 hydrolase was altered due to threedimensional (3D) cell growth, which was investigated by qPCR and Western blot analysis. High cellular density in monolayer cultures led to similar results. The observed 5-LO upregulation was found inversely correlated with cell proliferation, determined by cell cycle analysis, and activation of PI3K/mTORC-2- and MEK-1/ERK-dependent pathways, determined using pharmacological pathway inhibition, stable shRNA knockdown cell lines, and analysis via qPCR and Western blot analysis. Following, the transcription factor E2F1 and its target gene MYBL2 were identified to play a role in the repression of 5-LO during cell proliferation. For this purpose, several stable MYBL2 over-expression and ALOX5 reporter cell lines were prepared and analyzed. Since 5-LO was already identified as a direct p53 target gene, the influence of p53, which is variably expressed in the cell lines (HT-29, p53 R273H mut; HCT-116 p53 wt; HCT-116 p53 KO), was investigated as well. Furthermore, HCT-116 cells carrying a p53 knockout were investigated. The PI3K/mTORC-2- and MEK-1/ERK-dependent suppression of 5-LO was also found in tumor cells from other origins (Capan-2, Caco-2, MCF-7), which was determined using pharmacological pathway inhibition and following analysis via qPCR. This suggests that the identified mechanism might apply to other tumor entities as well.
5-LO activity was previously described as attenuated in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells compared to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which express a highly active 5-LO. However, the present study showed that the enzyme activity is indeed low but inducible in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells. Of note, the general lipid mediator profile and the mediator concentrations were comparable to those of M2 macrophages. Finally, the analysis of substrate availability in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells revealed a vast difference between formed metabolite concentrations and supplemented fatty acid concentrations, indicating that the substrates are either transformed into lipoxygenase-independent metabolites or are esterified into the cellular membrane.
In summary, the data presented in this work demonstrate that 5-LO expression and activity are tightly regulated in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells and fine-tuned due to environmental conditions. The cells suppress 5-LO during proliferation but upregulate the expression and activity of the enzyme under cellular stress-triggering conditions. This implies a possible role of 5-LO in manipulating the tumor stroma to support a tumor-promoting microenvironment.
Weltweit gibt es laut WHO ca. 58 Millionen Menschen mit einer chronischen Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) Infektion und jährlich stecken sich ca. 1,5 Millionen Menschen neu mit diesem Virus an (Stand 2019). Da die Folge einer chronischen Hepatitis-C-Virus Infektion eine potenziell tödlich verlaufende Leberzirrhose oder die Entwicklung eines Hepatozellulären Karzinoms sein können, ist eine frühe Diagnose und eine adäquate Therapie eine wichtige Aufgabe in der Medizin.
Die bisherige Therapie erfolgte mittels pegyliertem Interferon und Ribavirin und seit einigen Jahren auch interferonfrei mittels Direkter Antiviraler Agenzien (DAA). Vor allem beim älteren Therapieregime konnten viele Nebenwirkungen und häufiger auch ein Therapieversagen auftreten, sodass ein leicht zu gewinnender Biomarker nützlich wäre, der die Patienten mit Therapieversagen frühzeitig und im besten Fall sogar vor Therapiebeginn detektieren kann.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Spiegel von extrazellulär im Blut zirkulierender, leberspezifischer microRNA miR-122 auf Eigenschaften als solche potenzielle Biomarker untersucht. Dazu wurden die Patientenseren von insgesamt 60 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Virus Infektion analysiert, die mittels pegyliertem Interferon und Ribavirin behandelt wurden. Vor, während und nach der Therapie wurden verschiedene Laborparameter sowie die miR 122 in den Patientenseren bestimmt. 20 dieser Patienten zeigten ein dauerhaftes Ansprechen auf die Therapie (sustained virological response = SVR), 20 zeigten nach einem initialen Therapieansprechen ein Rückfall der Erkrankung (Relapse) und 20 Patienten sprachen gar nicht auf die Therapie an (Non-Responder = NR).
Zunächst wurden die sogenannten Baseline-Charakteristika der Patienten vor Therapiebeginn untersucht. Dabei konnten wir jedoch keinen Unterschied zwischen den Patientengruppen hinsichtlich der Alanin-Aminotransferase (ALT) und Aspartat-Aminotransferase (AST), zwei Laborparameter zur Bestimmung einer Leberschädigung, sowie der HCV-RNA, ein Parameter zur Bestimmung der Viruslast bei Patienten mit einer HCV-Infektion, feststellen.
Auch die miR-122-Spiegel zeigten vor Therapiebeginn keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den drei Patientengruppen. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass man die miR-122 vor Therapiebeginn nicht als prognostischen Marker für einen Therapieerfolg verwenden kann.
Beim Vergleich der miR-122-Spiegel mit den Laborparametern konnte eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der miR-122 und der ALT, AST und der Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase (GGT) festgestellt werden. Die miR-122 scheint somit ähnlich wie die anderen Laborparameter eine Leberzellschädigung widerzuspiegeln.
Nach dem Therapiebeginn konnte bereits ab Woche 4 ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den SVR und Non-Respondern sowie zwischen den Relapsepatienten und den Non-Respondern festgestellt werden. Jedoch war der Unterschied zwischen den SVR und den Relapse-Patienten nicht signifikant, sodass man weiterhin keine Unterscheidung dieser beiden Patientengruppen machen konnte.
Auch die ALT- und HCV-RNA-Spiegel zeigten einen ähnlichen Verlauf. In den Gruppen der SVR und Relapse-Patienten zeigte sich im Laufe der Therapie ein Rückgang der Parameter wohingegen die Gruppe der Non-Responder keine signifikante Dynamik aufwies.
Zum Schluss wurden die miR-122-Spiegel 12 bzw. 24 Wochen nach Therapieende bestimmt, dem sogenannten Zeitpunkt des Follow-Up bei dem der Therapieerfolg laut Leitlinie mit Hilfe der HCV-RNA-Messung bestimmt wird. Dabei konnte ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den miR-122-Spiegeln bei den SVR-Patienten und den anderen beiden Patientengruppen festgestellt werden.
In Zusammenschau dieser Ergebnisse kann man sagen, dass die miR-122 gut geeignet ist um ähnlich wie die HCV-RNA den Therapieverlauf widerzuspiegeln. Als prognostischer Parameter bzw. Biomarker für ein Therapieansprechen ist sie jedoch nicht geeignet, da keine Unterscheidung zwischen den einzelnen Patientengruppen vor Therapiebeginn möglich ist und während der Therapie lediglich die Non-Responder und nicht die Relapse-Patienten detektiert werden können.
Die akute Nierenschädigung ist ein häufiges klinisches Erscheinungsbild, das trotz der heutigen Erkenntnisse über pathophysiologische Abläufe in der Niere mit einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert ist. Die eigene Fähigkeit der Niere zur Regeneration stellt ein Potenzial dar, das durch die Unterstützung pro-regenerativer Faktoren das Patientenüberleben verbessern kann. Das Wissen, dass die akute Nierenschädigung ein reversibles Ereignis darstellt, bestärkt den Einsatz der Forschung pro-regenerative Einflussfaktoren zu bestimmen, deren Zusammenhang darzustellen und eine mögliche Strategie zur innovativen Therapie zu entwickeln. Um eine akute Nierenschädigung darzustellen und anschließend auf regenerative Prozesse zu untersuchen, wurde ein Cisplatin-induziertes in vitro-Schädigungsmodell an primären Tubulusepithelzellen (mTEZ) aus Wildtyp Mäusen etabliert. Nach Isolation und Kultivierung primärer mTEZ erfolgte die Schädigung mit Cisplatin, die anhand eines Zytotoxizitätsnachweises quantifiziert wurde. Makrophagen zeichnen sich durch ihre funktionale Vielfalt in physiologischen als auch pathophysiologischen Abläufen aus. Ihre Plastizität ermöglicht es ihnen, sich entsprechend des umgebenden Milieus mit ihrem Phänotyp anzupassen und folglich in Form eines pro-regenerativen Makrophagen Proliferation und Reparaturprozesse zu unterstützen. Für die Untersuchung einer Makrophagen-vermittelten, pro-regenerativen Wirkung auf geschädigte mTEZ wurden primäre Zellen aus dem Knochenmark von Mäusen isoliert und zu Makrophagen differenziert. Zur Ausprägung eines pro-regenerativen Makrophagen Phänotyps erfolgte die Stimulation der kultivierten Makrophagen durch Inkubation mit Interleukin-10 (IL-10) und die Herstellung eines konditionierten Mediums (KM). Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) ist bekannt als früher Biomarker im Rahmen der akuten Nierenschädigung, aber zeichnet sich zusätzlich durch seine pro-proliferative Wirkung und regenerative Funktion aus. Lcn-2 ist ein Protein, das Eisen mit hoher Affinität bindet und in Makrophagen als alternativer Eisen-Transportmechanismus dient. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung stellte sich bei Stimulation mit IL-10 ein pro-regenerativer Makrophagen Phänotyp dar, der sich durch eine erhöhte Eisenfreisetzung und dem erhöhten Nachweis von Eisen-beladenen Lcn-2 im KM auszeichnete (holo-Lcn-2). Um den Zusammenhang von Lcn-2 aus IL-10-stimulierten Makrophagen und die regenerativen Eigenschaften auf mTEZ zu untersuchen, wurde ein Versuchsaufbau etabliert, indem mTEZ mit Cisplatin geschädigt und anschließend ein KM von IL-10-stimulierten Wildtyp (WT) oder Lcn-2 knockout Makrophagen hinzugefügt wurde. Zusätzlich wurde ein rekombinantes holo-Lcn-2 hergestellt, das als Zugabe zu KM von Lcn-2 knockout Makrophagen der Wiederherstellung und der Untersuchung eines Lcn-2-abhängigen Mechanismus diente. Als Merkmal einer Zellregeneration wurden die epitheliale Integrität und die Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts bestimmt. Ergänzend konnte mit Hilfe der Expression von Proliferationsmarkern sowie einer Echtzeitmessung der Proliferationsrate eine zunehmende Proliferation geschädigter mTEZ nach Zugabe von KM aus Makrophagen in Abhängigkeit von Lcn-2 bewiesen werden. Anschließend wurde eine Analyse des Eisengehalts im Zelllysat von mTEZ durchgeführt. Hierbei konnte ein signifikanter Anstieg des Eisengehaltes in mTEZ nach Zugabe von KM aus WT Makrophagen als auch durch Ergänzung von rekombinanten holo-Lcn-2 zu KM aus Lcn-2 knockout Makrophagen nachgewiesen werden. In der Korrelation zwischen Eisenmenge im Zelllysat der mTEZ und der Proliferationsrate ergab sich eine zunehmende Proliferation mit Anstieg des Eisengehaltes der Zelle. Zusammenfassend ergaben unsere Untersuchungen, dass KM aus pro-regenerativen Makrophagen die Überlebensfähigkeit von mTEZ nach Cisplatin-Schädigung steigert. Es zeigte sich auch eine durch Lcn-2 geförderte epitheliale Integrität sowie ein pro-proliferativer Effekt. Die regenerativen Effekte an mTEZ wurden durch Lcn-2 aus KM von IL-10-stimulierten Makrophagen über seine Eisen-bindende Funktion vermittelt. Über die Ausschüttung von Lcn-2 vermitteln pro-regenerative Makrophagen vermutlich die Zell-Regeneration von mTEZ, indem Lcn-2 toxisches Eisen von geschädigten und apoptotischen Zellen aus der Umgebung bindet, es Zielzellen als holo-Lcn-2 zur Verfügung stellt und hierdurch die Proliferation induziert.
Inflammation is a crucial host defense mechanism activated in response to injury or infection. Its primary goal is to eliminate the source of the disturbance, repair the damaged tissue, and restore homeostasis. Inflammatory processes can be recognized through increased blood flow, higher vascular permeability, and the recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins to the tissue. A pathogen-induced inflammation triggers various pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Local tissue cells and Toll-like receptors call upon innate immune cells like neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes to respond to the intruder. They move across the endothelium and respond to local signals by releasing mediators or cytotoxic compounds, phagocytosing, or polarizing. To study local pathogen-induced inflammation, a zymosan-induced inflammation model was used in the hind paws of mice, which caused a Toll-like receptor 2 mediated inflammation. Multi-Epitope-Ligand-Cartography (MELC) was used for multiple sequential immunohistochemistry with 40 different antibodies on the same tissue. Bioinformatic analysis and graphical representation revealed a specific inflammatory architecture consisting of three major areas based on macrophage polarization and their cellular neighborhoods: a core region containing the pathogen, a pro-inflammatory region containing M1-like macrophages, and a region containing anti-inflammatory cells. This discovery highlights the coexistence of pro- and antiinflammatory processes during an ongoing inflammation and challenges the concept of a gradual temporal transition from pro- to anti-inflammation. Flow cytometry of the whole paw was performed to support and refine the MELC results. Eosinophils were used as a specific immune cell population to investigate their role in the inflammatory structure. They were found to be present in all three inflammatory regions, adapting their cytokine profile according to their localization. Depleting eosinophils reduced Interleukin 4 (IL-4)- levels, increased edema formation, and mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities during inflammation resolution. In the absence of eosinophils, pro- and anti-inflammatory region could not be determined in the inflammatory architecture, neutrophil numbers increased, and efferocytosis and M2-macrophage polarization were reduced. IL-4 administration restored these regions, normalized neutrophil numbers, efferocytosis, M2-macrophage polarization, and resolution of zymosan-induced hypersensitivity. The results show that eosinophils expressing IL-4 support the resolution of inflammation by enabling the development of an anti-inflammatory framework that encloses pro-inflammatory regions.
Einleitung: Allergisches Asthma bronchiale ist eine chronische Atemwegserkrankung, deren Prävalenz zunimmt. Angesichts der immensen gesellschaftlichen und individuellen Belastung durch Asthma ist es dringend erforderlich, neue Strategien zur Behandlung der Krankheit zu entwickeln. Immunologisch ist allergisches Asthma durch ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen TH2-Zellen und TH1-Zellen gekennzeichnet, das durch regulatorische T-Zellen (Tregs) reguliert wird. Tregalizumab ist ein monoklonaler IgG-Antikörper, der Tregs selektiv aktiviert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, die Wirkung von Tregalizumab auf die allergeninduzierte allergische Entzündung bei Patienten mit Hausstaubmilbenallergie anhand eines bronchialen Provokationsmodells zu untersuchen.
Methoden: In einer prospektiven, randomisierten, doppelblinden und placebokontrollierten Studie wurden 42 Probanden mit allergischem Asthma und Hausstaubmilbenallergie zwölf Wochen lang mit Tregalizumab 100 mg oder Placebo behandelt. Bronchiale Provokation mit HSM wurde vor (V4) und nach (V17) Tregalizumab-Gabe durchgeführt. Induziertes Sputum (Visite V5, V16, V18) und peripheres Blut (Visite V4, V5, V18) wurden entnommen und Zelldifferenzierung, Zytokine und Transkriptionsfaktoren wurden durch Mikroskopie, Durchflusszytometrie bzw. RT-PCR bewertet.
Ergebnisse: Sowohl in der Verum- als auch in der Placebogruppe zeigte sich zwischen Visite V5 (24 Stunden nach Provokation) und vier Wochen nach Provokation bei Visite V16 (p<0,05) ein signifikanter Rückgang des Anteils eosinophiler Granulozyten (wie auch des ECP-Levels). Interessanterweise konnte bei V18 (24 Stunden nach Provokation) nur in der Placebogruppe ein signifikanter Anstieg beobachtet werden (p<0,01). Die Konzentration des TH-2-Zytokins IL-5 nahm zwischen V5 und V16 in der Verumgruppe signifikant ab (p<0,05). Zwischen V16 und V18 konnte wiederum nur in der Placebogruppe ein signifikanter Anstieg festgestellt werden (p<0,01). Dieser spätere Effekt wurde auch auf Protein- und Transkriptionsebene und im peripheren Blut sowie bei der Expression des Transkriptionsfaktors FoxP3 gefunden. Auf der Ebene der TH-1-Zytokine konnten keine signifikanten Veränderungen festgestellt werden.
Diskussion: Der Anteil eosinophiler Granulozyten, die Konzentration von IL-5 in Blut und Sputum sowie die Konzentration von ECP im Sputum haben sich als gute Parameter zur Beurteilung der Entzündungsreaktion bei unseren Studienteilnehmern erwiesen. Wir haben gezeigt, dass allergische Entzündungen, die durch das Provokationsmodell verursacht wurden, durch die analysierten Parameter im Sputum, aber auch im Blut gut überwacht werden konnten. Ein klinischer Effekt von Tregalizumab konnte in dieser Studie jedoch nicht festgestellt werden und dieses Ergebnis stimmt gut mit der Analyse der Entzündungsparameter im induzierten Sputum überein.
Das Harnblasenkarzinom ist einer der häufigsten Tumoren weltweit. Insbesondere die muskelinvasiven Tumoren haben eine schlechte Prognose und stellen sich morphologisch sehr unterschiedlich dar. Diese Heterogenität wird bislang bei Therapieentscheidungen nicht beachtet. Um Patienten zukünftig individuell auf den vorliegenden Subtyp des muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms (MIBC, muscle invasive bladder cancer) behandeln zu können und dadurch unnötige Belastungen durch Chemotherapien vermeiden zu können, ist eine einfache und kostengünstige Diagnostik erforderlich. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Einsatz bestimmter immunhistochemischer Färbungen als ein mögliches diagnostisches Routineverfahren zur Bestimmung der vorliegenden Subtypen auszutesten. Hierzu wurde die Expression von „luminalen“ und „basalen“ Proteinen mit histologischen Subtypen des MIBCs korreliert. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde der Einfluss auf das Überleben mit und ohne adjuvante Chemotherapie untersucht.
Es wurden insgesamt 181 Tissue-Microarray-Spots analysiert. Alle histologischen Patientenproben sowie klinischen Daten stammten aus dem Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main. Aus den entsprechenden Gewebeblöcken wurden Stanzen zur Erstellung eines Tissue-Microarrays (TMAs) entnommen. Diese wurden konventionell angeschnitten und histologisch mit Hämatoxylin-Eosin (H/E) sowie immunhistochemisch mit Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), Cytokeratin 20 (CK20), Glutamyl Aminotransferase-Untereinheit A bindendem Protein 3 (GATA3), Tumorsuppressor- protein p53 und Synaptophysin (SYNAPT) gefärbt.
Anhand der H/E-Schnitte wurden die vorliegenden histologischen Subtypen lichtmikroskopisch bestimmt und es folgte eine statistische Auswertung der Färbeergebnisse. Die deskriptive statistische Analyse zeigte insbesondere für die beiden Färbungen CK5/6 und GATA3 signifikante Ergebnisse. Deshalb wurden in einem zweiten Schritt alle Fälle der Studienkohorte den bekannten vier Gruppen: CK5/6 positiv, GATA3 positiv, doppelt positiv und doppelt negativ zugeordnet und näher untersucht. Es folgte eine Überlebensanalyse nach Kaplan Meier Schätzer sowie uni- und multivariate Analysen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine Assoziation der Expression von CK5/6 mit einer squamösen Differenzierung (96%) und eine Assoziation der Expression von GATA3 mit einer mikropapillären Differenzierung (100%). Die adjuvante Chemotherapie ging mit einem Überlebensvorteil (HR 0,15 95%KI 0,1-0,3; p<0,001) der Patienten mit MIBC einher. Immunhistochemisch doppelt negative Patienten mit MIBC wiesen ein verringertes Gesamtüberleben auf (HR 4,96; 95%KI 1,6-15,6; p=0,006); in der Gruppe der doppelt negativen MIBCs fanden sich fünf verschiedene histologische Subtypen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die immunhistochemische Klassifizierung des MIBCs mit histologischen Subtypen assoziiert ist und dabei helfen kann, Fälle in der pathologischen Routine in „luminal“ und „basal“ zu unterteilen. Jedoch ist ein auf zwei Markern basierendes Klassifizierungssystem nicht ausreichend, um die Heterogenität des MIBCs abzubilden und die Basis für Therapieentscheidungen zu bilden.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play essential roles in mediating inflammation and its resolution. PUFA metabolites generated by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) - soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) axis are known to regulate macrophage activation/polarization but little is known about their role in the resolution of inflammation. Monocytes were isolated from murine bone marrow or human peripheral blood and differentiated to naïve macrophages (M0). Thereafter cells were polarized using LPS and IFNγ (M1), IL-4 (M2a), or TGFβ1 (M2c). Gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Phagocytosis of zymosan and oxo-LDL were also assessed in vitro. Zymosan-induced peritonitis combined with immune cell profiling was used to evaluate the resolution of inflammation in vivo. The expression of sEH was comparable in M0, M1 and M2a macrophages but markedly elevated in M2c polarized cells. The increase in sEH expression elicited by TGFβ relied on the TGFβ receptor ALK5 and the phosphorylation of SMAD2, which was able to bind to the sEH promoter. In macrophages lacking sEH, M2c polarization was incomplete and characterized by lower levels of pro-resolving phagocytosis associated receptors (Tlr2 and Mrc1), as well as higher levels of the pro-inflammatory markers; Nlrp3, IL-1β and TNFα. Fitting with the failure to upregulate phagocytosis associated receptors, the uptake of zymosan and ox-LDL was less efficient in M2c macrophages from sEH-/- mice. The latter animals also demonstrated a retarded resolution of inflammation (zymosan-induced peritonitis) in vivo with fewer resident macrophages and recruited macrophages. PUFA profile analysis indicated decreased sEH substrates e.g., 11, 12-EET, as well as increased sEH products e.g., 11, 12-DHET, indicating an increased sEH activity in M2c macrophages. Taken together, our data indicates that sEH expression is required for the effective M2c polarization of macrophages and thus the resolution of inflammation.
Test-Retest-Reliabilität der Präpulsinhibition (PPI) und PPI-Korrelation mit dem Arbeitsgedächtnis
(2023)
Sensomotorisches Gating – ein Mechanismus zur Filterung des sensorischen Inputs und zur Regulierung des motorischen Outputs – wird experimentell durch die Präpulsinhibition (PPI) der akustisch ausgelösten Schreckreaktion (ASR) operatio-nalisiert. Frühere Studien deuten auf eine hohe Test-Retest-Reliabilität der PPI und eine mögliche Korrelation mit dem Arbeitsgedächtnis (engl. Working Memory (WM)) hin. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Test-Retest-Reliabilität der PPI bei ge-sunden Menschen und ihre Korrelation mit der Leistung des WM zu überprüfen. Hier wurde ein akustisches Schreckreiz-PPI-Paradigma mit vier verschiedenen Präpuls-Intensitäten (64, 68, 72 und 76 dB(A)) und zwei verschiedene WM-Aufgaben (n-back, Change-Detection-Task (CDT)) verwendet. Es konnte eine ho-he Retest-Reliabilität der PPI mit einer mittleren Intraklassenkorrelation (engl. In-traclass Correlation (ICC)) von >.80 und eine signifikante positive Korrelation der PPI mit der n-back-, aber nicht mit der CDT-Leistung bestätigt werden. Eine detail-lierte Analyse zeigte, dass die PPI über alle Präpulsintensitäten hinweg sowohl mit den 2-back- als auch mit den 0-back-Bedingungen signifikant korrelierte, was auf eine Regulation durch konditionsübergreifende Prozesse (z. B. Aufmerksamkeit) schließen lässt. Wird jedoch die 0-back-Komponente aus den 2-back-Daten aus-partialisiert, sind spezifische und signifikante Korrelationen mit der Arbeitsgedächt-nisleistung für die 76 dB(A) PPI-Bedingung zu finden. Mit der vorliegenden Studie konnte die hohe Test-Retest-Reliabilität der PPI beim Menschen bestätigt und die Korrelation mit der Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung validiert und erweitert werden.
Mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs) are membraneless, highly specialized compartments that play an essential role in the post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. This regulation is crucial for maintaining energy production, controlling metabolic functions and ensuring homeostasis in cells. Dysregulation of mitochondrial genes has been linked to various human diseases, including neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders as well as certain types of cancer.
MRGs are composed of different RNA species, including mitochondrial precursor RNA (pre-RNA), mature tRNAs, rRNAs and mRNAs complexed with multiple proteins involved in RNA processing and mitoribosome assembly. However, despite the significance of MRGs, their protein composition, structural organization, stability and dynamics during stress conditions remain elusive. In the study reported here, I adopted a three-step approach to address the aforementioned fundamental issues.
First and foremost, I identified the protein composition of MRGs and unveiled their architectural complexity. To characterize the MRG proteome, I applied the cutting-edge TurboID-based proximity labeling approach combined with quantitative mass spectrometry. Proximity labeling was conducted on 20 distinct MRG-associated human proteins, resulting in the identification of more than 1,700 protein-protein interactions. This expansive dataset enabled me to create a comprehensive network, providing valuable insights into both the (sub)architecture as well as the core structure of MRGs in-depth.
Secondly, I investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of MRGs under various mitochondrial stress conditions. To monitor the morphological alterations and compositional changes of MRGs, I utilized time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy and proteomics, respectively. In this analysis, I applied IMT1, the first specific inhibitor that selectively targets mitochondrial transcription. Using this methodology, I pinpointed precise conditions that triggered MRGs’ disassembly during stress, followed by their reassembly when nascent RNA production was restored. The results of this examination elucidate that MRGs are highly dynamic and stress adaptive structures, capable of rapid dissolution and reassembly, a process closely connected to mitochondrial transcription.
Thirdly, I aimed to explore the impact of RNA turnover on MRGs’ integrity during stress, employing confocal fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR. I observed that depletion of MRG proteins associated with RNA degradation counteracts MRGs’ disassembly under stress conditions, a phenomenon attributed to the accumulation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). These results emphasize the critical role of pre-RNA turnover in maintaining MRG integrity and reveal that MRGs can be stabilized by dsRNA.
Taken together, the comprehensive investigation reported in this thesis has substantially broadened and deepened our understanding of MRGs’ complexity. By identifying their molecular structure and dynamics, I have gained significant insights into the fundamental characteristics and biological functions of MRGs in cellular processes. This knowledge contributes to the identification of disease-related pathways linked to mitochondrial gene expression and may inspire future studies to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a major regulatory mediator connecting the brain and the immune system that influences accordingly inflammatory processes within the entire body. In the periphery, the SNS exerts its effects mainly via its neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), which are released by peripheral nerve endings in lymphatic organs and other tissues. Depending on their concentration, NE and E bind to specific α- and β-adrenergic receptor subtypes and can cause both pro- and anti-inflammatory cellular responses. The co-transmitter neuropeptide Y, adenosine triphosphate, or its metabolite adenosine are also mediators of the SNS. Local pro-inflammatory processes due to injury or pathogens lead to an activation of the SNS, which in turn induces several immunoregulatory mechanisms with either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects depending on neurotransmitter concentration or pathological context. In chronic inflammatory diseases, the activity of the SNS is persistently elevated and can trigger detrimental pathological processes. Recently, the sympathetic contribution to mild chronic inflammatory diseases like osteoarthritis (OA) has attracted growing interest. OA is a whole-joint disease and is characterized by mild chronic inflammation in the joint. In this narrative article, we summarize the underlying mechanisms behind the sympathetic influence on inflammation during OA pathogenesis. In addition, OA comorbidities also accompanied by mild chronic inflammation, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and depression, will be reviewed. Finally, the potential of SNS-based therapeutic options for the treatment of OA will be discussed.
Die radikale Prostatektomie (RP) stellt neben der Radiatio der Prostata den Goldstandard der Lokaltherapie des lokalisierten Prostatakarzinoms (PCa) dar. Neben der Erzielung einer postoperativen Tumorfreiheit (onkologisches Ergebnis), spielen die postoperativen, funktionellen Ergebnisse (z.B. Erektionsfähigkeit, Urin-Kontinenz) nach RP für die Patienten eine zentrale Rolle. Hierbei ist vor allem die (Wieder-) Erlangung der postoperativen Kontinenz hervorzuheben, da das Ausbleiben mit einem substantiellem Verlust der Lebensqualität einhergeht und eine deutliche Einschränkung im Alltag darstellt. Verschiedene Tumor- und Patientencharakteristika (pathologisches Tumorstadium, Body Mass Index [BMI], Alter, Prostatavolumen) wurden in vorangegangenen Publikationen als Faktoren identifiziert, die Einflüsse auf die Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz nach RP haben. Interessanterweise jedoch, wurde der Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus auf die Kontinenz-Rate zum jetzigen Stand nur unzureichend und teils mit widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen untersucht. In Anbetracht der vorbekannten protrahierten Wundheilungsverläufe sowie Mikrozirkulationsstörungen und Neuropathie bei Diabetes mellitus Patienten, hat die jetzige Studie deshalb untersucht, ob das Vorliegen von Diabetes Mellitus einen Einfluss auf die postoperative Früh-Kontinenz bei PCa-Patienten hat, die eine RP erhalten haben.
Nach Vorliegen des Ethikkomitee-Beschluss erfolgte mit Hilfe der RP-Datenbank der Klinik für Urologie, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität die Patientenidentifizierung im Zeitraum von 2018 bis 2021. Hierbei wurden Patienten in die Studienkohorte eingeschlossen bei denen Informationen bezüglich der Früh-Kontinenz (30-90 Tage postoperativ) vorlagen. Kontinenz wurde definiert als die Verwendung von keiner bzw. einer Sicherheitsvorlage innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 24 Stunden. Neben Auswertung der Kontinenz-Raten hinsichtlich des Diabetes Mellitus Status, erfolgte die Zuhilfenahme von uni- und multivariablen logistische Regressionsanalysen um den Effekt von Diabetes Mellitus auf die Kontinenz zu untersuchen. Kovariablen beinhalteten das pathologisches Tumorstadium, BMI, Alter, OP-Verfahren und Durchführung einer Nerv-Erhaltung.
Innerhalb der Studienkohorte (n=142) lag eine Diabetes Mellitus Erkrankung bei 15 Patienten (11%) vor. Mit Ausnahme eines höheren BMI (Median: 28.6 vs 26.5 m2/kg; p=0.005) bei Diabetes Mellitus Patienten, bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich Patienten und Tumorcharakteristika zwischen den beiden Gruppen (p>0.05). Die Früh-Kontinenz Rate war bei Diabetes Mellitus Patienten geringer im Vergleich zu der restlichen Studienkohorte (33 vs 63%; p=0.03). Dieser Unterschied spiegelte sich ebenfalls in der univariablen logistischen Regressionsanalyse wider, in der Diabetes Mellitus einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Früh-Kontinenz aufwies (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.29, 95%-KI [95%-Konfidenz Interval]: 0.09-0.99; p=0.03). Der signifikante Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus blieb ebenfalls in der multivariablen logistischen Regressionsanalyse fortbestehen, nachdem weitere Kovariablen berücksichtigt wurden (OR: 0.26; 95%-KI: 0.07-0.86; p=0.03). Unter Berücksichtigung der Limitationen der vorliegenden Studie (retrospektives Studiendesign, limitierte Fallzahl) lassen die Ergebnisse darauf schließen, dass das Vorliegen einer Diabetes Mellitus Erkrankung einen negativen Einfluss auf die Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt nach RP hat. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse haben für den klinischen Alltag wichtige Implikationen. Im Rahmen der Aufklärung vor RP kann der Patient bezüglich seines individuellen Risikos einer verlängerten postoperativen Inkontinenz entsprechend aufgeklärt werden, um somit die Erwartungshaltung des Patienten realitätsgetreu zu adressieren. Betrachtet man den postoperativen Verlauf, legen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse nahe, dass Diabetes mellitus Patienten aufgrund Ihrer geringeren Früh-Kontinenz Rate von einer intensivierte Beckenboden-Training zur Wiedererlangung der Kontinenz besonders profitieren könnten.
Auf der Grundlage dieser Studie sollten multizentrische Studien mit einer umfangreicheren Kohortengröße erfolgen und den Einfluss von Diabetes Mellitus nicht nur auf die Früh-Kontinenz, sondern ebenfalls auf die langfristige Kontinenz (>12 Monate) zu untersuchen
Pericytes are capillary-associated mural cells involved in the maintenance and the stability of the vascular network. This thesis aims to investigate the role of pericytes in the heart in the context of ageing and disease. We highlight the malignant effects of the remodelling in the heart and stress the focus on the role of cardiac pericytes in this context. We show that ageing reduces pericyte coverage and that myocardial infarction (MI) causes an activation of these cells. Single-nuclei and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of murine hearts further revealed that the expression of the Regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (Rgs5) is reduced in cardiac pericytes both in ageing and transiently at day 1 and day 3 after MI. The loss of RGS5 in pericytes drives an entropic state of these mural cells characterized by morphological changes, excessive extracellular deposition and enhanced Gaq mediated GPCR signalling. The deletion of RGS5 in pericytes causes cardiac systolic dysfunction, induces myocardial fibrosis, and drives the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in a TGFb-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results describe the importance of pericytes maintaining cardiac homeostasis, identify RGS5 as a key regulator of this process and propose pericytes as crucial mediators of cardiac fibrosis and possible therapeutic targets to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie und die Diversität der Datenbanken ist groß.
Für 12 Datenbanken wurde ein Punktesystem mit elf Items entworfen, um die Qualität der einzelnen Datenbanken zu objektivieren. Keine Datenbank konnte alle Bewertungskriterien erfüllen. Der insgesamt schlechte Punktedurchschnitt ist ein Indikator für die Mängel der aktuell verfügbaren Datenbanken. Außerdem konnten wir einen Qualitätsunterschied zwischen kostenpflichtigen und kostenfreien Datenbanken beweisen und mussten im Zuge dieser Ergebnisse die Frage stellen, ob kostenfreie Datenbanken überhaupt nützlich sind. Zwischen den kostenpflichtigen Datenbanken fallen die Qualitätsunterschiede weniger gravierend aus, wenngleich Stärken und Schwächen sich deutlich unterscheiden. Die häufigsten Wechselwirkungen wurden in allen Datenbanken mit großem Abstand zwischen rein psychiatrischen Interaktionspaaren erfasst. Dieses zeigt, wie wechselwirkungsreich Psychopharmaka sind und dass psychiatrische Patienten besonders vulnerabel sind. Die Nutzung digitaler Hilfsmittel scheint bei Betrachtung der hohen Anzahl ausgegebener Warnmeldungen unabdingbar zu sein, dennoch existiert große Uneinheitlichkeit bei der Bewertung der einzelnen Interaktionen. Die Vorstellung, dass zwei Kliniker bei Nutzung zweier unterschiedlicher Datenbanken zu völlig unterschiedlichen Empfehlungen kommen, fällt nicht schwer. Gleichzeitig könnte die Kooperation von Heilberuflern, die unterschiedliche Datenbanken verwenden, die Chance auf zusätzlichen Informationsgewinn und Austausch erhöhen, was im Umkehrschluss in einer erhöhten Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit resultiert. In Studien konnte der positive Effekt interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit bereits bewiesen werden.
Zusammenfassend konnten umfangreiche Differenzen zwischen allen untersuchten Datenbanken aufgezeigt werden. Um den Anforderungen des klinischen Alltags zu genügen, müssen digitale Unterstützungssysteme weiterentwickelt werden.
Die „ideale Datenbank“ gibt es bisher nicht – das lässt sich durch unser Punktesystem beweisen. Um im klinischen Alltag Patientensicherheit zu gewährleisten ist die Nutzung einer einzelnen Datenbank bisher nicht ausreichend.
Die Gewährung der Patientensicherheit sollte unser oberstes Ziel sein und um dieses zu erreichen, bedarf es vieler Komponenten. Neben der Nutzung und vor allem Weiterentwicklung digitaler Unterstützungssysteme sollte auch der zwischenmenschliche Austausch weiter gefördert werden. Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit im Sinne pharmazeutischer Dienstleistungen zur Medikationsanalyse könnten ein zusätzliches Instrument zur Vermeidung arzneimittelbezogener Probleme werden.
Zukünftig werden unsere Patienten am meisten von optimaler Nutzung weiterentwickelter Technologien, sowie wachsendem zwischenmenschlichem Austausch profitieren.
Multilevel-Untersuchung des nitrinergen Systems bei affektiven Störungen und schizophrenen Psychosen
(2023)
Das nitrinerge System und damit auch NOx als Neurotransmitter werden mit der Entstehung verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Die genaue Rolle des Botenstoffs ist jedoch nicht ausreichend geklärt und auch die Frage, ob dieser als diagnostischer oder prädiktiver Biomarker nützlich sein könnte, ist unbeantwortet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde folglich untersucht, ob es Unterschiede zwischen den Diagnosegruppen MDD, BIP, SCZ und der Kontrollgruppe bezüglich peripherer NOx- Konzentrationen gibt. Darüber hinaus wurden Unterschiede innerhalb der Diagnosegruppen im Krankheitsverlauf im Sinne von Phasenunterschieden mittels zweier Messzeitpunkte untersucht und analysiert, ob es Korrelationen mit genetischen Variationen in NOS-Genabschnitten gibt. Insgesamt wurden 185 Probanden in die Studie mitaufgenommen: 52 gesunde CTRL, 43 Patienten mit MDD, 41 Patienten mit BIP und 49 Patienten mit SCZ. Biochemische, genetische und klinische Daten wurden bei Aufnahme und Entlassung in der psychiatrischen Abteilung des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt erhoben. Klinische Daten, die den Symptomverlauf 90 und die Erkrankungsschwere beurteilten, nutzten dazu standardisierte teilstrukturierte klinische Interviews. Biochemische Daten wurden mittels im Serum gemessener NOx- Spiegel quantifiziert. Bezüglich der Untersuchung der Risikogenvarianten wurden Probanden anhand des NOS1 ex1f-VNTR-Polymorphismus sowie SNPs in den Genen NOS1, NOS3 und NOS1AP genotypisiert. Bei Aufnahme wiesen SCZ-Patienten im Vergleich zu CTRL-, MDD- und BIP-Gruppen signifikant höhere NOx- Konzentrationen auf. Während NOx- Spiegel im Behandlungsverlauf bei MDD- und BIP-Patienten signifikant zunahmen, konnte dies bei SCZ-Patienten nicht beobachtet werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass Patienten, deren depressive Beschwerden nicht relevant zurückgingen, bei Entlassung signifikant höhere NOx- Konzentrationen aufwiesen, was durch die Beobachtung einer signifikant positiven Korrelation zwischen NOx- Serumspiegeln und depressiven Symptomen bei Entlassung unterstützt wurde. Bei der genetischen Untersuchung der Daten fiel auf, dass homozygote Träger des kurzen VNTR-Allels signifikant erhöhte NOx- Konzentrationen besaßen. Diese Ergebnisse blieben bei jenen Trägern auch nach Entlassung signifikant. Insgesamt gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass erhöhte periphere NOx- Metabolitkonzentrationen mit einer Zunahme der Psychopathologie bzw. der Erkrankungsschwere einhergehen könnten, was möglicherweise auf den NOS1 ex1f-VNRT-Polymorphismus zurückzuführen ist. Außerdem zeigten zwei SNPs, welche beide im NOS1AP-Gen lokalisiert sind, bei BIP Patienten signifikant gesteigerte NOx- Werte. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass NO-Signalübertragung und NOS-Genotypen in der Pathogenese psychischer Erkrankungen eine Rolle spielen könnten. Ob diese Veränderungen allerdings kausal mit Krankheitsprozessen zu tun haben oder ob es eher Epiphänomene der Erkrankungen sind, kann mit dieser Studie nicht geklärt werden. Die Genvarianten könnten wiederum bei der Regulierung von peripheren NOx- Konzentrationen von Bedeutung sein. Die Arbeit liefert zudem Hinweise, die Verwendung von NOx als möglichen peripheren Biomarker weiter zu verfeinern und zu untersuchen. Zukünftige Studien, die die Wirksamkeit von NOx- modulierenden Pharmaka untersuchen, könnten davon profitieren, Diagnosegruppen nach Subgruppen einzuteilen, die sowohl NOS Risikogenvarianten als auch periphere NOx- Spiegel im Sinne eines Biomarker beachten.
Das Hepatoblastom ist ein embryonaler Lebertumor, dessen Zellen unterschiedliche unreife Stadien aufweisen. Aufgrund dieser Unreife ist die Identifizierung von Krebsstammzellen erschwert, die in diesem Tumor vermutet und für Rückfälle verantwortlich gemacht werden. In Vorarbeiten konnte eine Krebsstammzellpopulation mit der Kombination der hämatopoetischen Stammzellmarker CD90 und CD34 sowie dem „oval cell“ OV-6-Antikörper in den etablierten Hepatoblastomzelllinien HuH6 und HepG2 detektiert werden. Diese CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Zellen wiesen eine erhöhte Expression von Pluripotenzfaktoren auf und zeichneten sich durch ein erhöhtes Migrationsverhalten aus.
In der hier vorgelegten Arbeit wurden zunächst Tumor-Sphäroid-Assays durchgeführt um diese Population als Krebsstammzellen zu bestätigen, da nur Krebsstammzellen unter den gegebenen Umständen wachsen können. Diese waren im Anschluss wieder in der Lage, in „normalem Medium“ zu differenzieren. Des Weiteren wurden die Zelllinien mit dem Standardtherapeutikum Cisplatin behandelt. Da Krebsstammzellen als chemoresistent gelten, konnte in der überlebenden Zellpopulation auch eine Anreicherung der CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Zellen beobachtet werden. Zusätzlich ließ sich eine weitere CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Population identifizieren, deren Expression aller drei Marker schwächer war und die bei steigenden Cisplatin-Konzentrationen den Großteil der CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Population ausmachte.
Neben den erhöhten Transkriptmengen der Pluripotenzmarker Oct4 und Nanog zeichneten sich die CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Krebsstammzellen durch eine verstärkte Expression der aktivierungsinduzierten Zytidin-Desaminase AID aus. AID wirkt induzierend auf die Transkription beider Pluripotenzmarker. Daher könnte es auch bei Krebsstammzellen eine Rolle bei der Induktion von Pluripotenz und bei ihrer langfristigen Erhaltung spielen. Dies unterstützend legten die verminderten Transkriptmengen der Pluripotenzgene nach einem AID siRNA Knock-Down eine Abhängigkeit des Stammzellcharakters von diesem Faktor nahe. Um einen Effekt von Therapeutika, die inhibitorisch auf AID wirken, auf Krebsstammzellen zu untersuchen, wurden die Zellen mit den DNMT-Inhibitoren Decitabine und Zebularine sowie dem HSP90-Inhibitor Tanespimycin behandelt. Tatsächlich konnte vor allem in den HuH6-Zellen ein verminderter Anteil der Krebsstammzellpopulation durch die drei Substanzen beobachtet werden. Wurden die Zellen im Anschluss mit dem Standardzytostatikum Cisplatin behandelt, führte allerdings eine Vorbehandlung mit Zebularine oder Decitabine zu einer starken Anreicherung von Krebsstammzellen. Dies war vor allem auf Zellen mit dem schwach positiven CD34+OV-6+CD90+ Expressionsprofil zurückzuführen, die chemo-induziert zu sein scheinen. Zwar erscheint die Mehrheit der Tumorzellen eliminiert zu werden, jedoch lassen diese Ergebnisse die Entstehung von chemo-induzierten Krebsstammzellen vermuten, die langfristig für einen Rückfall verantwortlich sein könnten. Daher ist von einer Ergänzung der Therapie mit diesen Substanzen abzusehen. Eine Vorbehandlung mit Tanespimycin hingegen konnte im Vergleich zur alleinigen Cisplatin-Behandlung wirksam den Anteil der Krebsstammzellen reduzieren. Interessanterweise war dies nicht auf einen verstärkten Zelltod der Krebsstammzellen, sondern vielmehr auf eine durch Tanespimycin bewirkte Differenzierung derselben zurückzuführen. Diese spiegelte sich auch in einer verminderten Expression von Pluripotenzmarkern auf mRNA-Ebene im Vergleich zur alleinigen Cisplatin-Behandlung wider.
Somit präsentierte sich Tanespimycin als potenter Inhibitor von Krebsstammzellen. Auch wenn weitere vorklinische und klinische Tests und Untersuchungen erfolgen müssen, stellt Tanespimycin bzw. die Substanzklasse der HSP90-Inhibitoren einen interessanten und vielversprechenden Kandidaten für eine Ergänzung der Standardtherapie vor allem bei behandlungsresistenten und rekurrenten High-Risk-Hepatoblastomen dar.
Bei THS handelt sich um einen operativen Eingriff der Neurochirurgie, bei dem Impulse in tiefere Hirnstrukturen appliziert werden, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Die THS stellt eine etablierte Behandlungsoption bei Bewegungsstörungen von Morbus Parkinson, essentiellem Tremor und Dystonie dar. Zugleich besteht ein zunehmendes Interesse an weiteren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für neurologische und psychiatrische Erkrankungen. Insoweit wird von einem weiterwachsenden Therapieverfahren in der Neurochirurgie auszugehen sein.
Die bislang implantierten THS-Systeme sind nicht bzw. nur eingeschränkt MRT-fähig.
Aufgrund der in den letzten Jahren zu beobachtenden steigenden Anzahl an Bildgebungen, insbesondere bei MRT-Untersuchungen, stellt sich hier die Frage nach dem Umgang mit einem bildgebenden Verfahren und der Notwendigkeit MRT-fähiger THS-Systeme für das Patientenkollektiv.
Hierzu wurde in der vorliegenden Dissertation analysiert, wie viele der mit THS versorgten Patienten überhaupt ein MRT - nach erfolgreicher Implantation - benötigt haben und zu welchen Konsequenzen dies gegebenenfalls geführt hat.
Die in diesem Zusammenhang retrospektiv gesammelten Patientendaten stammen sowohl aus dem digitalen Patientensystem als auch aus telefonischen Interviews mit Patienten, die seit mindestens 12 Monaten ein THS-System implantiert bekommen haben. Es wurde erfasst, bei wem und aus welchem Grund eine CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung stattgefunden hat. Zusätzlich sind diese Daten von einem unabhängigen Neurologen dahingehend beurteilt worden, ob ein MRT anstatt eines CTs sinnvoller gewesen wäre.
Bei 28 der 54 hier teilnehmenden Patienten ist mindestens eine Bildgebung im Rahmen einer CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung erfolgt. In 16 Fällen ist dabei bei 14 dieser Patienten die Frage aufgekommen, ob ein MRT durchgeführt werden solle. In diesem Zusammenhang sind letztlich sieben MRT-Untersuchungen an sieben Patienten durchgeführt worden, drei kraniale MRT-Untersuchungen und vier Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen.
In sieben Fällen bei sechs Patienten hätte der unabhängige Neurologe zu einer MRT-Untersuchung anstatt der durchgeführten CT-Untersuchung geraten.
Von den durchgeführten MRT-Untersuchungen haben alle kranialen sowie zwei Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen zu einer konservativen Therapie geführt. Zu einer operativen Therapie haben zwei der durchgeführten Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen geführt. Während der in diesem Patientenkollektiv durchgeführten MRT-Untersuchungen ist es zu keiner kritischen Situationen oder Folgeschäden gekommen. Aus Gründen der Patientensicherheit wird trotzdem empfohlen, soweit möglich, bei Patienten mit einem THS-Implantat eine CT-Untersuchung durchzuführen.
Aus den dieser Arbeit zu Grunde liegenden Daten lässt sich konstatieren, dass der Einsatz MRT-fähiger THS-Geräte nicht zwingend geboten ist, dies insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten jedoch durchaus in Betracht gezogen werden sollte.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with an onset in early development. ASD has varying degrees of severity and thus affects people differently throughout their lives. Early diagnosis of ASD is essential to provide children with individually-tailored support.8 Eye-tracking may contribute to an earlier diagnosis: Several studies showed differences in eye movements between people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls (TD). Different eye movements may contribute to different visual perception that perpetuates to problems in attention, communication and social interaction.
Eye movements are divided into: (1) Fixations (2) Saccades (fast and short eye movements) and (3) Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements (SPEM). SPEM follow the target in a continuous manner. The latter are the subject of the present thesis. SPEM consist of two phases: the open loop phase (= phase of initiation, first 50- 100ms) and the closed loop phase (= phase of maintenance, after about 100ms). SPEM are usually measured by a gain index. It is defined as the ratio of smooth pursuit velocity and visual target velocity and ideally equals to 1.2
In young children, corneal-reflection (CR) eye-tracking is usually applied to quantify eye movement. It allows precise measurements without the use of potentially intrusive devices.
Studies in ASD reported deficits in open loop and closed loop pursuit in children and adults with a mean age of 19.32 (TD) and 20.04 (ASD) years. However, SPEM in preschoolers with ASD remain understudied, although this developmental phase is crucial to the development of non-social and social attentional abilities.
In the present study 66 toddlers and preschoolers (18 to 72 months; ASD: n = 33, TD: n = 33) with matched cognitive abilities and sex were assessed. The main objective was to compare the gain index (Smooth Pursuit Gain = SPG). SPEM were compared between groups with gain index as a dependent measure. We hypothesized that participants with ASD show lower average gain compared to the control group.
We could show a significant group influence on the gain when considering interactions between target velocity and group (p = 0.041). The TD group showed a greater dependence on the increasing object speed than the ASD group with a trend of -0.30 ± 0.11 in the TD group and a trend of -0.13 ± 0.12 in the ASD group. Across groups, the gain decreased with increasing target velocity and dropped faster in vertical than in horizontal trials. Additionally, participants showed a lower SPG in vertical sequences than in horizontal sequences. This supports the general validity of the measure.
Toddlers and preschoolers represent a group that has been subject of little research to date. In addition, there has been only a limited number of studies analyzing SPEM in ASD. To check for a possible group difference without interactions a study with a larger sample size at fixed target velocity and target direction should follow.
Dieser Arbeit lag die Fragestellung zugrunde, welchen Einfluss die jeweilige Transfusionsstrategie auf AML-Patienten unter intensiver Induktionschemotherapie hat.
Dafür wurde ein am Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt zwischen 2007 und 2018 behandeltes Kollektiv von 352 Patienten untersucht. So erfolgte hier bis ins Jahr 2015 hinein die Transfusion eines EK ab einem Hb-Wert <8g/dl und nach Änderung des Transfusionstriggers ab einem Hb <7g/dl. AML-Patienten aus dem Jahr 2015 – dem Jahr der Änderung der Transfusionsregel – wurden von weiterer Untersuchung ausgeschlossen, um zwei klar abgrenzbare Kohorten erhalten zu können.
Es zeigte sich, dass die weniger restriktive Transfusionskohorte unter Induktionschemotherapie einen durchschnittlich um 1g/dl höheren Hb-Wert aufwies und früher als die restriktive Kohorte transfundiert wurde. Die Anzahl an Fiebertagen, CRP-Werte, Aufenthalte auf Intensivstation sowie die Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthaltes betrachtend, zeigte sich hingegen kein signifikanter Unterscheid zwischen beiden Kohorten.
Basierend auf unserer Arbeit ergeben sich keine Hinweise dafür, dass die restriktive Transfusionspraxis einer weniger restriktiven für AML-Patienten unterlegen ist. Limitierend auf die Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse wirken sich dabei die retrospektive Natur der Arbeit sowie die zeitliche Verschiebung der Behandlungszeiträume beider Kohorten aus.
Ergebnisse der bislang ausstehenden randomisierten Studien, die den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Transfusionsregimes auf Patienten mit hämatologischen Krankheiten untersuchen, sind in Bälde zu erwarten. Die bereits vorliegenden Pilotstudien und Ergebnisse der TRIST-Studie decken sich mit der von uns beobachteten Nicht-Unterlegenheit der restriktiven Transfusionspraxis für ein hämatoonkologisches Patientenkollektiv, sodass es abzuwarten gilt, ob sich dies auch in weiteren größeren randomisierten und kontrollierten Studien beweisen kann.
Electrospinning is a versatile and promising drug delivery technology for the development of tailor-made drug delivery systems for various clinical applications. By applying high voltages to drug-loaded polymer solutions, solid polymeric nanofibers can be generated, which encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into their polymer matrix. During the electrospinning process, the fibers are deposited on a collector and form a nonwoven network of drug-loaded polymer fibers. These fibers are spatially distributed in aligned or random orientation, providing the opportunity to design highly tunable structural and mechanical properties, which can be adapted to the biological requirements of the intended application site. The mechanically flexible fiber networks can therapeutically be administered to a multitude of pharmaceutical application sites. Their highly porous fiber structure exhibits a large surface-to-volume ratio, which is ideal for controlled drug release kinetics from the polymer matrix upon contact with biological fluids, such as tear fluid, saliva, mucus, wound exudate or gastro-intestinal fluid. For application at the target site, fiber mats are cut into patches. As the patch size determines the quantity of applied API, the electrospinning process must ensure homogeneous distribution of the API throughout the entire fiber mat area.
In this thesis, electrospinning was established as a formulation technology for the rational fabrication of tailor-made multifunctional drug carrier systems for local and site-specific drug delivery to the epithelial interfaces skin, oral mucosa as well as cornea. For adequate characterization and analysis of the drug delivery systems, a broad panel of robust and predictive analytical tools, based of novel investigation techniques for physicochemical characterization of electrospun fibers, was developed.
The initial part of the thesis thematically focuses on the development of predictive analytical techniques, to determine fiber morphology and physicochemical properties, as well as fiber composition and drug release. By designing two model formulations with contrasting properties, and subsequent analysis and characterization with a set of newly developed techniques and state-of-the-art methods, a comprehensive toolset has been made available and evaluated, aiming at advancing and standardizing respective techniques in the scientific field of electrospun drug delivery systems.
Starting with the initiation of the electrospinning formulation process, which often relies on empirical data rather than analytical methods to predict successful processability, analysis of rheological properties of electrospinning solutions was used to rationally detect the minimum polymer concentration required for electrospinning.
For analysis of fiber morphology, scanning electron microscopy is a common technique. However, little attention is given to underlying readout parameters. By analyzing the fiber orientation and diameter of the respective fibers, predictive results regarding mechanical properties could be obtained, which were subsequently confirmed by measuring elongation force with tensile testing. Confocal Raman microscopy, a label-free method for chemically- selective imaging of the fiber samples, was introduced as a complementary visualization technique, enabling the detection of fiber composition and drug distribution.
A novel technique for investigation of water contact angles on the fiber surface of highly hydrophilic polymers was introduced, which provides predictive data regarding interaction with body fluids and the resulting drug release kinetics. Subsequent release testing in a newly developed setup for analyzing drug release from electrospun fibers in low-volume body compartments, confirmed the anticipated drug release kinetics from measurement of the surface hydrophilicity.
By combining complementary analytical methods, including spectral composition analysis, morphology visualization, characterization of physico-chemical properties and drug release kinetics, as well as the application of multivariate data analysis, a robust and predictive toolset has been established, which can support comparability of future electrospinning studies and the translation from the lab bench into clinics.
Based on the analytical toolset, the main part of the thesis focuses on the development and preparation of electrospun platform drug delivery systems for application on epithelial barriers. Electrospun fiber mats are thin, flat, and mechanically flexible, which allows close adherence to epithelial surfaces and reduction of diffusion paths, which enables efficient drug delivery to the skin, oral mucosa, as well as the cornea.
Electrospun fibers bear a high potential for application as wound dressings, while simultaneously controlling the local delivery of APIs to the wound area. Their close resemblance to the extracellular matrix of human skin provides a suitable microenvironment for cellular proliferation and migration for wound closure. In this work, insulin, a fragile proteohormone with growth factor characteristics, was successfully encapsulated into the core of coaxially electrospun fibers, thus maintaining bioactivity throughout and after the electrospinning process. The shell has been designed from biocompatible polymers, which, upon contact with aqueous wound exudate, partially dissolve and form pores through which bioactive insulin is released in a controlled manner. The shell layer provides a hydrophilic surface for interaction with body fluids and skin cells, and possesses substantial mechanical strength, flexibility, and high tensile elongation required for application on wounds. The biocompatibility of the wound dressing was investigated by interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which displayed healthy cell morphologies without indicating any elevated levels of cytotoxicity markers.
To investigate the effect of insulin on cell migration, in vitro scratch assays on human skin cells were performed. Increased cellular migration speed and wound closure could be observed, indicating improved wound healing. Bio relevance of in vitro wound healing potential results was advanced by development of 3D ex vivo human epidermal skin wound models from reduction surgery donor material. These complex wound models were treated with electrospun insulin fibers and analyzed by proteome analysis to reveal significant increases in wound healing-associated signaling pathways, which could be attributed to a material-driven remarkably positive impact on wound healing of the electrospun fibers...
Investigators in the cognitive neurosciences have turned to Big Data to address persistent replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. While there is tremendous potential to advance science through open data sharing, these efforts unveil a host of new questions about how to integrate data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed area of cognition - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated raw data from 53 studies from around the world which measured at least one of three distinct verbal learning tasks, totaling N = 10,505 healthy and brain-injured individuals. A mega analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to isolate and remove site effects, followed by linear models which adjusted for common covariates. After corrections, a continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual subject’s latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance by 37% while preserving covariate effects. The effects of age, sex, and education on scores were found to be highly consistent across memory tests. IRT methods for equating scores across AVLTs agreed with held-out data of dually-administered tests, and these tools are made available for free online. This work demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can offer opportunities to address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.
Die klinische Pfade zielten in erster Linie darauf ab, die Aufenthaltsdauer zu verkürzen und unnötige Kosten zu sparen, während die Qualität der Pflege erhalten blieb oder verbessert wurde. Bei der laparoskopischen Cholezystektomie gibt es keine ausreichenden Beweise für einen Einfluss auf postoperative Komplikationen.
In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurde die logistische Regression verwendet, um einen Neigungswert zu berechnen, und nach dem Abgleich werden 296 Patienten in beiden Gruppen im Hinblick auf postoperative Komplikationen unter Verwendung des Clavien-Dindo-Klassifizierungssystems als primäres Ziel analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurden sekundäre Ziele wie Aufenthaltsdauer, Einhaltung und Abweichung vom klinischen Pfad in Bezug auf die Entlassung von Patienten analysiert. Das relative Risiko des primären Ergebnisses wurde berechnet und mit dem E-Wert als Ansatz für Sensitivitätstests verglichen.
Aufgrund des obligatorischen Teil der klinischen Pfad bei den Patienten betrug die Compliance 100 Prozent. In 16% der Fälle trat eine Abweichung vom Pfad in Bezug auf die geplante Entlassung des Patienten am zweiten Tag nach der Operation auf. Nach Anpassung um potenzielle Faktoren beträgt das relative Risiko beim Vergleich der Clavien-Dindo-Komplikationsbewertung 0 versus 1-4 ist 1,64 (95% CI 0,87; 3,11), was nicht signifikant unterschiedlich ist (p = 0,127).
Nach Matching beträgt die Verweildauer 3,69 Tage ohne bzw. 3,26 Tage mit dem klinischen Pfad.
Vergleich zu bereits implementierter strukturierter Standardoperationsverfahren kann ein klinischer Pfad postoperative Komplikationen nicht reduzieren.
Dennoch betrachten wir unseren klinischen Pfad als ein äußerst wertvolles Instrument für die interdisziplinäre Verwaltung des Krankenhausaufenthalts des Patienten unter der Aufsicht eines erfahrenen Chirurgen.
Essentials
• The role of platelet IL-1β release in chronic inflammation is currently unclear.
• Platelets from 65 patients with varying degrees of chronic inflammation were studied.
• Chronic inflammation linked to reduced levels of intracellular IL-1β and IL-1β release.
• Chronic inflammation induces a phenotype that indicates chronic IL-1β release from platelets.
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation is a cardiovascular risk factor, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central to the inflammatory host response. Platelets contain the NLRP3 inflammasome and are able to translate IL-1β messenger RNA (mRNA) and secrete mature IL-1β upon activation. However, the role of a chronic inflammatory environment in platelet IL-1β mRNA and protein content remains unclear.
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate intracellular platelet IL-1β and IL-1β mRNA in a chronic inflammatory state.
Methods: Sixty-five patients with stable inflammation (ie, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein within predefined margins in 2 separate measurements) were stratified according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in low (0.0-0.9 mg/L), medium (1.0-2.9 mg/L), and high (3.0-9.9 mg/L) risk groups. Platelet reactivity as well as platelet IL-1β protein synthesis were studied.
Results: The highest risk group was characterized by a distinct cardiovascular risk profile and approximately 20% higher platelet counts. While platelet reactivity was not different, a reduction in intracellular platelet IL-1β mRNA and IL-1β protein levels was observed in the highest risk group and was linked to decreased platelet size and granularity. This signature suggests a phenotype of chronic IL-1β secretion and could be experimentally phenocopied by stimulation of platelets from healthy volunteers with either TRAP-6 or collagen related peptide (CRP-XL).
Conclusion: Our data suggest a phenotype of chronic IL-1β secretion by platelets in patients with chronic sterile inflammation.
Seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts verzeichnete das ärztliche Berufsfeld einen steten Zuwachs von Frauen. Gegenwärtig weist insbesondere die Pädiatrie einen besonders hohen Frauenanteil auf. Es ist jedoch zu beobachten, dass ungeachtet dessen, Führungspositionen weiterhin vorwiegend von Männern besetzt bleiben.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Geschlechterdisparitäten in der pädiatrischen Forschung anhand von wissenschaftlichen Autorenschaften für den Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2018 untersucht.
Insgesamt wurden 690 436 Autorenschaften aus 156 642 englischsprachigen Originalartikeln für die Untersuchung herangezogen. Die Analyse umfasste den Anteil weiblicher Autorenschaften (Female Authorship Proportion, FAP), die Verteilung auf Erst-, Co- und Letzt-Autorenschaften, geschlechtsspezifische Zitationsraten, eine Produktivitätsanalyse sowie Untersuchungen zu Journalen, Ländern und pädiatrischen Teildisziplinen.
Insgesamt betrug der Anteil weiblicher Autorenschaften 46,6%. Dabei fanden sich Autorinnen auf 52,0% der Erst-, 47,6% der Co- und 37,5% der Letzt-Autorenschaften. Auch die Odds Ratio weiblicher Autorenschaft (Female Authorship Odds Ratio, FAOR) war jeweils am höchsten für die Erst-Autorenschaft (1,30) und am niedrigsten für die Letzt-Autorenschaft (0,63). Auf prestigeträchtigen Erst- und Letzt-Autorenschaften waren Frauen mit einem Prestige-Index (PI) von -0,13 insgesamt unterrepräsentiert. Der zeitliche Verlauf offenbarte einen Zuwachs weiblicher Autorenschaften, mit Akzentuierung auf Erst- und Letzt-Autorenschaften.
In den Teilanalysen von einzelnen Ländern, Journalen und pädiatrischen Teildisziplinen konnte jeweils eine erhebliche Spannbreite der FAP sowie des PI festgestellt werden. Dabei wiesen beinahe alle Länder und Journale sowie sämtliche pädiatrischen Teildisziplinen eine signifikante Unterrepräsentation von Frauen auf Letztautorenschaften auf. Zwischen dem Einfluss eines Journals und dessen FAP oder PI konnte keine lineare Korrelation nachgewiesen werden.
Die Produktivitätsanalyse ergab, dass männliche Autoren im Schnitt mehr Artikel veröffentlichten als weibliche Autoren. Der Großteil der Autorinnen (64,7%) veröffentlichte während des untersuchten Zeitraums einen einzigen wissenschaftlichen Artikel. Zitationszahlen sowie die Repräsentanz in Multiautorenartikeln zeigten sich jeweils annähernd geschlechterneutral.
Die erzielten Resultate dieser Analyse ließen Rückschlüsse auf die Integration von Frauen in der pädiatrischen Forschung zu. Insgesamt war die weibliche Repräsentanz in der Pädiatrie, insbesondere in Relation zu anderen Wissenschaftsbereichen, hoch. Der sukzessive Anstieg der FAP über den untersuchten Zeitraum spiegelte den zunehmenden Anteil von Frauen in der Pädiatrie wider. In den Bereichen Zitationsraten und Prestige-Index kam eine annähernde Geschlechterparität zum Ausdruck.
Deutliche Disparitäten wurden dahingegen bei Betrachtung der Verteilungsmuster von weiblichen Erst-, Co- und Letzt-Autorenschaften aufgedeckt. Hier zeigte sich eine Karrieredichotomie: Frauen waren auf Erst-Autorenschaften überrepräsentiert, was vornehmlich dem Karrierebeginn entspricht. Männer waren dahingegen auf Letzt-Autorenschaften überrepräsentiert, was wiederum mit leitenden Positionen assoziiert ist.
Interessanterweise konnten auf globaler Ebene hohe Wachstumsraten der FAP für Letzt-Autorenschaften und eine deutlich ansteigende FAOR für eine Letzt-Autorenschaft festgestellt werden. Diese Ergebnisse implizieren, dass Wissenschaftlerinnen vermehrt, Führungspositionen besetzten. Linearen Hochrechnungen zufolge ist in den kommenden Jahren mit verbesserten Karrierechancen für Frauen in der pädiatrischen Forschung zu rechnen
Rationale: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Continuous performance tests (CPTs) allow to measure ADHD related deficits in a laboratory setting. Most studies on this topic focused on CPTs measuring inattention or impulsivity, disregarding hyperactivity as one of the core symptoms of ADHD.
Methods: We examined N = 47 in three groups (ADHD N = 19; AUD N = 16; ADHD + AUD N = 12) with questionnaires on ADHD core symptoms, executive functioning (EF), mind wandering, and quality of life (QoL). N = 46 (ADHD N = 16; AUD N = 16; ADHD + AUD N = 14) were examined with a CPT (QbTest®) that also measures motor activity objectively.
Results: Inattention and impulsivity were significantly increased in AUD vs. ADHD and in AUD vs. ADHD + AUD. Hyperactivity was significantly higher in ADHD + AUD vs. ADHD and ADHD + AUD vs. AUD, but not in ADHD vs. AUD. EF was lower in both ADHD groups vs. AUD. Mind wandering was increased in both ADHD groups vs. AUD. QoL was significantly lower in ADHD + AUD compared to AUD. In contrast, results of the QbTest were not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: Questionnaires are more useful in assessing ADHD core symptoms than the QbTest®. Hyperactivity appears to be a relevant symptom in ADHD + AUD, suggesting a possible pathway from ADHD to AUD. The lower QoL in ADHD + AUD emphasizes the need for routine screening, diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies for this patient group.
The correction of valgus leg malalignment in children using implant-mediated growth guidance is widely used and effective. Despite the minimal invasive character of the procedure, a relevant number of patients sustain prolonged pain and limited mobility after temporary hemiepiphysiodesis. Our aim was to investigate implant-associated risk factors (such as implant position and screw angulation), surgical- or anesthesia-related risk factors (such as type of anesthesia, use, and duration), and pressure of tourniquet or duration of surgery for these complications. Thirty-four skeletally immature patients with idiopathic valgus deformities undergoing hemiepiphysiodesis plating from October 2018–July 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Participants were divided into groups with and without prolonged complications (persistent pain, limited mobility of the operated knee between five weeks and six months) after surgery. Twenty-two patients (65%) had no notable complications, while twelve patients (35%) had prolonged complications. Both groups differed significantly in plate position relative to physis (p = 0.049). In addition, both groups showed significant differences in the distribution of implant location (p = 0.016). Group 1 had a shorter duration of surgery than group 2 (32 min vs. 38 min, p = 0.032) and a lower tourniquet pressure (250 mmHg vs. 270 mmHg, p = 0.019). In conclusion, simultaneous plate implantation at the femur and tibia and metaphyseal plate positioning resulted in prolonged pain and a delay of function. In addition, the amplitude of tourniquet pressure or duration of surgery could play a factor.
Background: Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy with multiple seizure types starting in childhood, a typical slow spike-wave pattern on electroencephalogram, and cognitive dysfunction.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify, synthesize and appraise the burden of illness in LGS (including “probable” LGS). Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase and APA PsychInfo, Cochrane’s database of systematic reviews, and Epistemonikos. The outcomes were epidemiology (incidence, prevalence or mortality), direct and indirect costs, healthcare resource utilization, and patient and caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Results: The search identified 22 publications evaluating the epidemiology (n = 10), direct costs and resource (n = 10) and/or HRQoL (n = 5). No studies reporting on indirect costs were identified. With no specific ICD code for LGS in many regions, several studies had to rely upon indirect methods to identify their patient populations (e.g., algorithms to search insurance claims databases to identify “probable” LGS). There was heterogeneity between studies in how LGS was defined, the size of the populations, ages of the patients and length of the follow-up period. The prevalence varied from 4.2 to 60.8 per 100,000 people across studies for probable LGS and 2.9–28 per 100,000 for a confirmed/narrow definition of LGS. LGS was associated with high mortality rates compared to the general population and epilepsy population. Healthcare resource utilization and direct costs were substantial across all studies. Mean annual direct costs per person varied from $24,048 to $80,545 across studies, and home-based care and inpatient care were significant cost drivers. Studies showed that the HRQoL of patients and caregivers was adversely affected, although only a few studies were identified. In addition, studies suggested that seizure events were associated with higher costs and worse HRQoL. The risk of bias was low or moderate in most studies.
Conclusions: LGS is associated with a significant burden of illness featuring resistant seizures associated with higher costs and worse HRQoL. More research is needed, especially in evaluating indirect costs and caregiver burden, where there is a notable lack of studies.
Background: Malalignments of the lower extremity are common reasons for orthopedic consultation because it may lead to osteoarthritis in adulthood. An accurate and reliable radiological assessment of lower limb alignment in children and adolescents is essential for clinical decision-making on treatment of limb deformities and for regular control after a surgical intervention.
Objective: First, does the analysis of full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs show a good intra- and interobserver reliability? Second, which parameter is most susceptible to observer-dependent errors? Third, what is the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM95%) of the absolute femoral and tibial length?
Methods: Two observers evaluated digital radiographs of 144 legs from 36 children and adolescents with pathological valgus alignment before a temporary hemiepiphysiodesis and before implant removal. Parameters included Mechanical Femorotibial Angle (MFA), Mechanical Axis Deviation (MAD), mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (mLDFA), mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial Angle (mMPTA), mechanical Lateral Proximal Femoral Angle (mLPFA), mechanical Lateral Distal Tibial Angle (mLDTA), Joint Line Convergence Angle (JLCA), femur length, tibial length. Intra- and interobserver reliability (ICC2,1), SEM95% and proportional errors were calculated.
Results: The intra- and interobserver reliability for almost all measurements was found to be good to excellent (Intra-ICC2,1: 0.849–0.999; Inter-ICC2,1: 0.864–0.996). The SEM95% of both observers was found to be ± 1.39° (MFA), ± 3.31 mm (MAD), ± 1.06° (mLDFA) and ± 1.29° (mMPTA). The proportional error of MAD and MFA is comparable (47.29% vs. 46.33%). The relevant knee joint surface angles show a lower proportional error for mLDFA (42.40%) than for mMPTA (51.60%). JLCA has a proportional error of 138%. Furthermore, the SEM95% for the absolute values of the femoral and tibial length was 4.53 mm for the femur and 3.12 mm for the tibia.
Conclusions: In conclusion, a precise malalignment measurement and the knowledge about SEM95% of the respective parameters are crucial for correct surgical or nonsurgical treatment. The susceptibility to error must be considered when interpreting malalignment analysis and must be considered when planning a surgical intervention. The results of the present study elucidate that MAD and MFA are equally susceptible to observer-dependent errors. This study shows good to excellent intra- and interobserver ICCs for all leg alignment parameters and joint surface angles, except for JLCA.
Trial registration: This study was registered with DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register) under the number DRKS00015053.
Level of evidence
I, Diagnostic Study.
Background: Epilepsy surgery is an established treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRFE) that results in seizure freedom in about 60% of patients. Correctly identifying an epileptogenic lesion in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging but highly relevant since it improves the likelihood of being referred for presurgical diagnosis. The epileptogenic lesion’s etiology directly relates to the surgical intervention’s indication and outcome. Therefore, it is vital to correctly identify epileptogenic lesions and their etiology presurgically.
Methods: We compared the final histopathological diagnoses of all patients with DRFE undergoing epilepsy surgery at our center between 2015 and 2021 with their MRI diagnoses before and after presurgical diagnosis at our epilepsy center, including MRI evaluations by expert epilepsy neuroradiologists. Additionally, we analyzed the outcome of different subgroups.
Results: This study included 132 patients. The discordance between histopathology and MRI diagnoses significantly decreased from 61.3% for non-expert MRI evaluations (NEMRIs) to 22.1% for epilepsy center MRI evaluations (ECMRIs; p < 0.0001). The MRI-sensitivity improved significantly from 68.6% for NEMRIs to 97.7% for ECMRIs (p < 0.0001). Identifying focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and amygdala dysplasia was the most challenging for both subgroups. 65.5% of patients with negative NEMRI were seizure-free 12 months postoperatively, no patient with negative ECMRI achieved seizure-freedom. The mean duration of epilepsy until surgical intervention was 13.6 years in patients with an initial negative NEMRI and 9.5 years in patients with a recognized lesion in NEMRI.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that for patients with DRFE—especially those with initial negative findings in a non-expert MRI—an early consultation at an epilepsy center, including an ECMRI, is important for identifying candidates for epilepsy surgery. NEMRI-negative findings preoperatively do not preclude seizure freedom postoperatively. Therefore, patients with DRFE that remain MRI-negative after initial NEMRI should be referred to an epilepsy center for presurgical evaluation. Nonreferral based on NEMRI negativity may harm such patients and delay surgical intervention. However, ECMRI-negative patients have a reduced chance of becoming seizure-free after epilepsy surgery. Further improvements in MRI technique and evaluation are needed and should be directed towards improving sensitivity for FCDs and amygdala dysplasias.
Herz- und Lungenerkrankungen sind weltweit eine der häufigsten Todesursachen. Das Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) widmet sich der Erforschung dieser Krankheiten auf molekularer Ebene, um innovative Behandlungsmethoden für Patient*innen zu entwickeln. Als interdisziplinäres Forschungsinstitut der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen und des Max-Planck-Instituts für Herz- und Lungenforschung in Bad Nauheim ist das CPI ein einzigartiges Zentrum.
Highlights
• Brain connectivity states identified by cofluctuation strength.
• CMEP as new method to robustly predict human traits from brain imaging data.
• Network-identifying connectivity ‘events’ are not predictive of cognitive ability.
• Sixteen temporally independent fMRI time frames allow for significant prediction.
• Neuroimaging-based assessment of cognitive ability requires sufficient scan lengths.
Abstract
Human functional brain connectivity can be temporally decomposed into states of high and low cofluctuation, defined as coactivation of brain regions over time. Rare states of particularly high cofluctuation have been shown to reflect fundamentals of intrinsic functional network architecture and to be highly subject-specific. However, it is unclear whether such network-defining states also contribute to individual variations in cognitive abilities – which strongly rely on the interactions among distributed brain regions. By introducing CMEP, a new eigenvector-based prediction framework, we show that as few as 16 temporally separated time frames (< 1.5% of 10 min resting-state fMRI) can significantly predict individual differences in intelligence (N = 263, p < .001). Against previous expectations, individual's network-defining time frames of particularly high cofluctuation do not predict intelligence. Multiple functional brain networks contribute to the prediction, and all results replicate in an independent sample (N = 831). Our results suggest that although fundamentals of person-specific functional connectomes can be derived from few time frames of highest connectivity, temporally distributed information is necessary to extract information about cognitive abilities. This information is not restricted to specific connectivity states, like network-defining high-cofluctuation states, but rather reflected across the entire length of the brain connectivity time series.
Assessment of the acute effects of 2C-B vs. psilocybin on subjective experience, mood, and cognition
(2023)
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a hallucinogenic phenethylamine derived from mescaline. Observational and preclinical data have suggested it to be capable of producing both subjective and emotional effects on par with other classical psychedelics and entactogens. Whereas it is the most prevalently used novel serotonergic hallucinogen to date, it's acute effects and distinctions from classical progenitors have yet to be characterized in a controlled study. We assessed for the first time the immediate acute subjective, cognitive, and cardiovascular effects of 2C-B (20 mg) in comparison to psilocybin (15 mg) and placebo in a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 healthy psychedelic-experienced participants. 2C-B elicited alterations of waking consciousness of a psychedelic nature, with dysphoria, subjective impairment, auditory alterations, and affective elements of ego dissolution largest under psilocybin. Participants demonstrated equivalent psychomotor slowing and spatial memory impairments under either compound compared with placebo, as indexed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Tower of London, and Spatial Memory Task. Neither compound produced empathogenic effects on the Multifaceted Empathy Test. 2C-B induced transient pressor effects to a similar degree as psilocybin. The duration of self-reported effects of 2C-B was shorter than that of psilocybin, largely resolving within 6 hours. Present findings support the categorization of 2C-B as a psychedelic of moderate experiential depth at doses given. Tailored dose-effect studies are needed to discern the pharmacokinetic dependency of 2C-B's experiential overlaps.
An important question concerning inter-areal communication in the cortex is whether these interactions are synergistic, i.e. convey information beyond what can be performed by isolated signals. Here, we dissociated cortical interactions sharing common information from those encoding complementary information during prediction error processing. To this end, we computed co-information, an information-theoretical measure that distinguishes redundant from synergistic information among brain signals. We analyzed auditory and frontal electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in three common awake marmosets and investigated to what extent event-related-potentials (ERP) and broadband (BB) dynamics exhibit redundancy and synergy for auditory prediction error signals. We observed multiple patterns of redundancy and synergy across the entire cortical hierarchy with distinct dynamics. The information conveyed by ERPs and BB signals was highly synergistic even at lower stages of the hierarchy in the auditory cortex, as well as between lower and higher areas in the frontal cortex. These results indicate that the distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy can be highly synergistic.
The multistep PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) degradation process poses challenges for their rational development, as rate limiting steps determining PROTAC efficiency remain largely unknown. Moreover, the slow throughput of currently used endpoint assays does not allow the comprehensive analysis of larger series of PROTACs. Here we developed cell-based assays using NanoLuciferase and HaloTags, that allow measuring PROTAC induced degradation and ternary complex formation kinetics and stability in cells. Using PROTACs developed for degradation of WDR5, the characterization of the mode of action of these PROTACs in the early degradation cascade revealed a key role of ternary complex formation and stability. Comparing a series of ternary complex crystal structures highlighted the importance of an efficient E3-target interface for ternary complex stability. The developed assays outline a strategy for the rational optimization of PROTACs using a series of live cell assays monitoring key steps of the early PROTAC induced degradation pathway.
Significance The multistep PROTAC induced degradation process of a POI poses a significant challenge for the rational design of these bifunctional small molecules as critical steps that limit PROTAC efficacy cannot be easily assayed at required throughput. In addition, the cellular location of the POI may pose additional challenges as some cellular compartments, such as the nucleus, may not be easily reached by PROTAC molecules and the targeted E3 ligases may not be present in this cellular compartment. We propose therefore a comprehensive assay panel for PROTACs evaluation in cellular environments using a sensor system that allows continuous monitoring of the protein levels of the endogenous POI. We developed a cell line expressing WDR5 from its endogenous locus in fusion with a small sequence tag (HiBIT) that can be reconstituted to functional NanoLuciferase (NLuc). This system allowed continuous monitoring of endogenous WDR5 levels in cells and together with HaloTag system also the continuous monitoring of ternary complex (E3, WDR5 and PROTAC) formation. As this assay can be run at high throughput, we used this versatile system monitoring three diverse chemical series of WDR5 PROTACs that markedly differ in their degradation properties. Monitoring cell penetration, binary complex formation (PROTAC-WDR5 and PROTAC-VHL) as well as ternary complex formation we found that PROTAC efficiency highly correlated with synergy of ternary complex formation in cells. This study represents a first data set on diverse PROTACs studying this property in cellulo and it outlines a strategy for the rational optimization of PROTACs. It also provided kinetic data on ternary complex assembly and dissociation that may serve as a benchmark for future studies utilizing also kinetic properties for PROTAC development. Comparative structural studies revealed larger PROTAC mediated interaction surfaces for PROTACs that efficiently formed ternary complexes highlighting the utility of structure based optimization of PROTAC induced ternary complexes in the development process.
Non-coding variations located within regulatory elements may alter gene expression by modifying Transcription Factor (TF) binding sites and thereby lead to functional consequences like various traits or diseases. To understand these molecular mechanisms, different TF models are being used to assess the effect of DNA sequence variations, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). However, few statistical approaches exist to compute statistical significance of results but they often are slow for large sets of SNPs, such as data obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) or allele-specific analysis of chromatin data.
Results We investigate the distribution of maximal differential TF binding scores for general computational models that assess TF binding. We find that a modified Laplace distribution can adequately approximate the empirical distributions. A benchmark on in vitro and in vivo data sets showed that our new approach improves on an existing method in terms of performance and speed. In applications on large sets of eQTL and GWAS SNPs we could illustrate the usefulness of the novel statistic to highlight cell type specific regulators and TF target genes.
Conclusions Our approach allows the evaluation of DNA changes that induce differential TF binding in a fast and accurate manner, permitting computations on large mutation data sets. An implementation of the novel approach is freely available at https://github.com/SchulzLab/SNEEP.
VASP is a member of the Enabled/VASP protein family that is involved in cortical actin dynamics and may also contribute to the formation of gap junctions. In vessels, gap junctional coupling allows the transfer of signals along the vessel wall and coordinates vascular behavior. Moreover, VASP is reportedly a mediator of NO-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation. Therefore, we hypothesized that VASP exerts also important physiologic functions in arterioles. We examined the spread of vasodilations enabled by gap junctional coupling in endothelial cells as well as NO-induced arteriolar dilations in VASP-deficient mice by intravital microscopy of the microcirculation in a skeletal muscle in anesthetized mice. Conducted dilations were initiated by brief, locally confined stimulation of the arterioles with acetylcholine. The maximal diameters of the arterioles under study ranged from 30 to 40 μm. Brief stimulation with acetylcholine induced a short dilation at the local site that was also observed at remote, upstream sites without an attenuation of the amplitude up to a distance of 1.2 mm in control animals (wild-type). In contrast, remote dilations were reduced in VASP-deficient mice despite a similar local dilation indicating an impairment of conducted dilations. Superfusion of NOdonors induced a concentration-dependent dilation in wild-type mice. However, these dilations were slightly reduced in VASP-deficient animals. In contrast, dilations induced by the endothelial stimulator acetylcholine were fully preserved in VASP-deficient mice. In summary, this study suggests that VASP exerts critical functions in arteriolar diameter control. It is crucial for the conduction of dilator signals along the endothelial cell layer. The impairment possibly reflects a perturbed formation of gap junctions in the endothelial cell membrane. VASP also participates in the full dilatory potential of NOdonors although the effect of its deficiency is only subtle. In contrast, VASP is not required for dilations initiated by endothelial stimulation which are mediated in the murine microcirculation by an EDH-mechanism.
Human behaviour is inextricably linked to the interaction of emotion and cognition. For decades, emotion and cognition were perceived as separable processes, yet with mutual interactions. Recently, this differen-tiation has been challenged by more integrative approaches, but without addressing the exact neurophysiological basis of their interaction. Here, we aimed to uncover neurophysiological mechanisms of emotion-cognition interaction. We used an emotional Flanker task paired with EEG/FEM beamforming in a large cohort (N=121) of healthy human participants, obtaining high temporal and fMRI-equivalent spatial resolution. Spatially, emotion and cognition processing overlapped in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), specifically in pars triangularis. Temporally, emotion and cognition processing overlapped during the transition from emotional to cognitive processing, with a stronger interaction in β-band power leading to worse behavioral performance. Despite functionally segregated subdivisions in rIFG, frequency-specific information flowed extensively within IFG and top-down to visual areas (V2, Precuneus) – explaining the behavioral interference effect. Thus, for the first time we here show the neural mechanisms of emotion-cognition interaction in space, time, frequency and information transfer with high temporal and spatial resolution, revealing a central role for β-band activity in rIFG. Our results support the idea that rIFG plays a broad role in both inhibitory control and emotional interference inhibition as it is a site of convergence in both processes. Furthermore, our results have potential clinical implications for understanding dysfunctional emotion-cognition interaction and emotional interference inhibition in psychiatric disor-ders, e.g. major depression and substance use disorder, in which patients have difficulties in regulating emotions and executing inhibitory control.
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor and represents the most common primary brain malignancy. Key characteristics include its high resistance against conventional treatments, such as radio- and chemotherapy and its diffuse tissue infiltration, preventing complete surgical resection. The analysis of migration and invasion processes in a physiological microenvironment allows for enhanced understanding of these processes and can lead to improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we combine two state-of-the-art techniques, adult organotypic brain tissue slice culture (OTC) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) of cleared tissues in a combined method termed OTCxLSFM. Using this methodology, we can show that glioblastoma tissue infiltration can be effectively blocked through treatment with arsenic trioxide, as well as genetic depletion of the tetraspanin, transmembrane receptor CD9. With our analysis-pipeline we gain single-cell level, three-dimensional information, as well as insights into the morphological appearance of the tumor cells.
Background: Biological psychiatry aims to understand mental disorders in terms of altered neurobiological pathways. However, for one of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), patients only marginally differ from healthy individuals on the group-level. Whether Precision Psychiatry can solve this discrepancy and provide specific, reliable biomarkers remains unclear as current Machine Learning (ML) studies suffer from shortcomings pertaining to methods and data, which lead to substantial over-as well as underestimation of true model accuracy.
Methods: Addressing these issues, we quantify classification accuracy on a single-subject level in N=1,801 patients with MDD and healthy controls employing an extensive multivariate approach across a comprehensive range of neuroimaging modalities in a well-curated cohort, including structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging as well as a polygenic risk score for depression.
Findings Training and testing a total of 2.4 million ML models, we find accuracies for diagnostic classification between 48.1% and 62.0%. Multimodal data integration of all neuroimaging modalities does not improve model performance. Similarly, training ML models on individuals stratified based on age, sex, or remission status does not lead to better classification. Even under simulated conditions of perfect reliability, performance does not substantially improve. Importantly, model error analysis identifies symptom severity as one potential target for MDD subgroup identification.
Interpretation: Although multivariate neuroimaging markers increase predictive power compared to univariate analyses, single-subject classification – even under conditions of extensive, best-practice Machine Learning optimization in a large, harmonized sample of patients diagnosed using state-of-the-art clinical assessments – does not reach clinically relevant performance. Based on this evidence, we sketch a course of action for Precision Psychiatry and future MDD biomarker research.
Motivation DNA CpG methylation (CpGm) has proven to be a crucial epigenetic factor in the gene regulatory system. Assessment of DNA CpG methylation values via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is, however, computationally extremely demanding.
Results We present FAst MEthylation calling (FAME), the first approach to quantify CpGm values directly from bulk or single-cell WGBS reads without intermediate output files. FAME is very fast but as accurate as standard methods, which first produce BS alignment files before computing CpGm values. We present experiments on bulk and single-cell bisulfite datasets in which we show that data analysis can be significantly sped-up and help addressing the current WGBS analysis bottleneck for large-scale datasets without compromising accuracy.
Availability An implementation of FAME is open source and licensed under GPL-3.0 at https://github.com/FischerJo/FAME.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred large-scale, inter-institutional research efforts. To enable these efforts, researchers must agree on dataset definitions that not only cover all elements relevant to the respective medical specialty but that are also syntactically and semantically interoperable. Following such an effort, the German Corona Consensus (GECCO) dataset has been developed previously as a harmonized, interoperable collection of the most relevant data elements for COVID-19-related patient research. As GECCO has been developed as a compact core dataset across all medical fields, the focused research within particular medical domains demands the definition of extension modules that include those data elements that are most relevant to the research performed in these individual medical specialties.
Objective To (i) specify a workflow for the development of interoperable dataset definitions that involves a close collaboration between medical experts and information scientists and to (ii) apply the workflow to develop dataset definitions that include data elements most relevant to COVID-19-related patient research in immunization, pediatrics, and cardiology.
Methods We developed a workflow to create dataset definitions that are (i) content-wise as relevant as possible to a specific field of study and (ii) universally usable across computer systems, institutions, and countries, i.e., interoperable. We then gathered medical experts from three specialties (immunization, pediatrics, and cardiology) to the select data elements most relevant to COVID-19-related patient research in the respective specialty. We mapped the data elements to international standardized vocabularies and created data exchange specifications using HL7 FHIR. All steps were performed in close interdisciplinary collaboration between medical domain experts and medical information scientists. The profiles and vocabulary mappings were syntactically and semantically validated in a two-stage process.
Results We created GECCO extension modules for the immunization, pediatrics, and cardiology domains with respect to the pandemic requests. The data elements included in each of these modules were selected according to the here developed consensus-based workflow by medical experts from the respective specialty to ensure that the contents are aligned with the respective research needs. We defined dataset specifications for a total number of 48 (immunization), 150 (pediatrics), and 52 (cardiology) data elements that complement the GECCO core dataset. We created and published implementation guides and example implementations as well as dataset annotations for each extension module.
Conclusions These here presented GECCO extension modules, which contain data elements most relevant to COVID-19-related patient research in immunization, pediatrics and cardiology, were defined in an interdisciplinary, iterative, consensus-based workflow that may serve as a blueprint for the development of further dataset definitions. The GECCO extension modules provide a standardized and harmonized definition of specialty-related datasets that can help to enable inter-institutional and cross-country COVID-19 research in these specialties.
Dendritic spines are crucial for excitatory synaptic transmission as the size of a spine head correlates with the strength of its synapse. The distribution of spine head sizes follows a lognormal-like distribution with more small spines than large ones. We analysed the impact of synaptic activity and plasticity on the spine size distribution in adult-born hippocampal granule cells from rats with induced homo- and heterosynaptic long-term plasticity in vivo and CA1 pyramidal cells from Munc-13-1-Munc13-2 knockout mice with completely blocked synaptic transmission. Neither induction of extrinsic synaptic plasticity nor the blockage of presynaptic activity degrades the lognormal-like distribution but changes its mean, variance and skewness. The skewed distribution develops early in the life of the neuron. Our findings and their computational modelling support the idea that intrinsic synaptic plasticity is sufficient for the generation, while a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic synaptic plasticity maintains lognormal like distribution of spines.
Assessment of the acute effects of 2C-B vs psilocybin on subjective experience, mood and cognition
(2023)
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a hallucinogenic phenethylamine derived from mescaline. Observational and preclinical data have suggested it to be capable of producing both subjective and emotional effects on par with other classical psychedelics and entactogens. Whereas it is the most prevalently used novel serotonergic hallucinogen to date, it’s acute effects and distinctions from classical progenitors have yet to be characterised in a controlled study. We assessed for the first time the immediate acute subjective, cognitive, and cardiovascular effects of 2C-B (20 mg) in comparison to psilocybin (15mg) and placebo in a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 healthy psychedelic-experienced participants. 2C-B elicited alterations of waking consciousness of a psychedelic nature, with dysphoria, subjective impairment, auditory alterations, and affective elements of ego dissolution largest under psilocybin. Participants demonstrated equivalent psychomotor slowing and spatial memory impairments under either compound compared to placebo, as indexed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Tower of London (TOL) and Spatial Memory Task (SMT). Neither compound produced empathogenic effects on the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). 2C-B induced transient pressor effects to a similar degree as psilocybin. The duration of self-reported effects of 2C-B was shorter than that of psilocybin, largely resolving within 6 hours. Present findings support the categorisation of 2C-B as a subjectively “lighter” psychedelic. Tailored dose-effect studies are needed to discern the pharmacokinetic dependency of 2C-B’s experiential overlaps.
Reliable, easy-to-handle phenotypic screening platforms are needed for the identification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. Here, we present caspase 3/7 activity as a readout for monitoring the replication of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different variants, including a remdesivir-resistant strain, and of other coronaviruses in numerous cell culture models, independently of cytopathogenic effect formation. Compared to other models, the Caco-2 subline Caco-2-F03 displayed superior performance. It possesses a stable SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility phenotype and does not produce false-positive hits due to drug-induced phospholipidosis. A proof-of-concept screen of 1,796 kinase inhibitors identified known and novel antiviral drug candidates including inhibitors of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), CDC like kinase 1 (CLK-1), and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). The activity of the PHGDH inhibitor NCT-503 was further increased in combination with the hexokinase II (HK2) inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which is in clinical development for COVID-19. In conclusion, caspase 3/7 activity detection in SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2-F03 cells provides a simple phenotypic high-throughput screening platform for SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates that reduces false-positive hits.
Improved integration of single cell transcriptome data demonstrated on heart failure in mice and men
(2023)
Biomedical research frequently uses murine models to study disease mechanisms. However, the translation of these findings to human disease remains a significant challenge. In order to improve the comparability of mouse and human data, we present a cross-species integration pipeline for single-cell transcriptomic assays.
The pipeline merges expression matrices and assigns clear orthologous relationships. Starting from Ensembl ortholog assignments, we allocated 82% of mouse genes to unique orthologs by using additional publicly available resources such as Uniprot, and NCBI databases. For genes with multiple matches, we employed the Needleman-Wunsch global alignment based on either amino acid or nucleotide sequence to identify the ortholog with the highest degree of similarity.
The workflow was tested for its functionality and efficiency by integrating scRNA-seq datasets from heart failure patients with the corresponding mouse model. We were able to assign unique human orthologs to up to 80% of the mouse genes, utilizing the known 17,492 orthologous pairs. Curiously, the integration process enabled the identification of both common and unique regulatory pathways between species in heart failure.
In conclusion, our pipeline streamlines the integration process, enhances gene nomenclature alignment and simplifies the translation of mouse models to human disease. We have made the OrthoIntegrate R-package accessible on GitHub (https://github.com/MarianoRuzJurado/OrthoIntegrate), which includes the assignment of ortholog definitions for human and mouse, as well as the pipeline for integrating single cells.
Sensory processing relies on interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which are often coordinated by 30-80Hz gamma oscillations. However, the specific contributions of distinct interneurons to gamma synchronization remain unclear. We performed high-density recordings from V1 in awake mice and used optogenetics to identify PV+ (Parvalbumin) and Sst+ (Somatostatin) interneurons. PV interneurons were highly phase-locked to visually-induced gamma oscillations. Sst cells were heterogeneous, with only a subset of narrow-waveform cells showing strong gamma phase-locking. Interestingly, PV interneurons consistently fired at an earlier phase in the gamma cycle (≈6ms or 60 degrees) than Sst interneurons. Consequently, PV and Sst activity showed differential temporal relations with excitatory cells. In particular, the 1st and 2nd spikes in burst events, which were strongly gamma phase-locked, shortly preceded PV and Sst activity, respectively. These findings indicate a primary role of PV interneurons in synchronizing excitatory cells and suggest that PV and Sst interneurons control the excitability of somatic and dendritic neural compartments with precise time delays coordinated by gamma oscillations.
Electrospinning is an advanced method for the generation of polymer-based fibers. This fabrication technique has gained great interest in the biomedical field in recent years due to its straightforward application and significant versatility of the resulting fiber mats. The process is carried out by dissolving a (biologically or synthetically derived) polymer or a combination of several polymers in a suitable inorganic or organic solvent and transferring these solutions into a syringe with a needle tip as a spinneret. The power source is connected to the syringe tip, allowing for the application of a high voltage to the polymer solution, and a metallic collector, often a rotating drum cylinder on which the yielded polymer fibers are deposited. The usual fiber diameters range between nano- and micrometers. The yielded fiber mats have distinct characteristics, such as a large surface area, mechanical stability, and good encapsulation efficiency. Therefore, the fiber mats can be used as a topical dosage form for a multitude of diseases (e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis), as they can be easily applied on or into the human body to release the drug for a prolonged period of time. In addition, the fibers exhibit a high degree of resemblance with the human extracellular matrix, which consists predominantly of collagen fibrils. Therefore, the obtained fiber mats can also be employed as innovative substrates for the cultivation of cells. As a result, electrospinning is suitable for a wide range of applications in the biomedical context, specifically for the targeted, topical delivery of bioactives and also as a cell culture substrate for the cultivation of cells in an enhanced in vivo relevant situation.
One objective of this work was the development and characterization of drug-loaded electrospun fibers for application to the inflamed and infected eye to complement the existing therapy of eye drops as well as systemic administration of anti-infectives. In particular, the focus of the project was the development of ocular implants to treat a herpes simplex infection affecting the human cornea. Additionally, electrospun fibers, which immediately dissolve in the tear fluid upon application and prolong the contact time of the bioactives at the eye, were developed as a topical dosage form to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. An additional objective of this work was the development of electrospun fiber mats as an innovative substrate for the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to mimic the human blood-brain barrier in vitro. The final objective of the present work was establishing an analytical concept for the comprehensive characterization of electrospun fibers to obtain a greater comparability and reproducibility of data and results from different laboratories.
Herpes simplex keratitis is a viral disease of the cornea that can potentially lead to blindness. This disease commonly occurs after corneal transplantation. As the cornea is the most transplanted tissue worldwide, the incidence of this disease varies from 4.9% to 12.6% (high- and low-income countries). The current therapy involves the application of eye drops as many as six times a day, and in severe cases, the systemic use of antiviral agents is necessary but can cause serious side effects (e.g., renal failure). To prevent the occurrence of herpes simplex keratitis after transplantation, a biodegradable electrospun nanofiber mat with a sustained release of acyclovir was established. The rational development of the fibers was facilitated by correlating the surface wettability with the release kinetics of the individual polymers, which allowed for the successful generation of fiber mats releasing the bioactive acyclovir over three weeks. The molecularly dispersed drug is present as an amorphous solid dispersion within the PLGA-based polymer matrix. Evaluating the cell viability in in vitro models proved that neither acyclovir nor the polymers or the generated fiber mats caused any cytotoxicity. The mechanical stability of the fiber mats was evaluated to ensure adequate handling of the fibers during implantation. The findings demonstrated that the fiber mats exhibit direction-independent mechanical properties, and their mechanical load-bearing capacity is greater than that of an excised human cornea. As a result, the fiber mats are suitable for surgical implantation into the anterior chamber of the eye. An in vitro model of human keratinocytes was infected with herpes simplex virus to demonstrate the antiviral efficacy of the electrospun fiber mats. Immunostaining for two specific viral proteins demonstrated the spread of infection in the model. Hereby, it was found that the placebo- and drug-loaded fibers significantly slowed the spread of infection, which was quantified by plaque assay determination. This experiment revealed that the electrospun fibers exert a synergistic antiviral effect by simultaneously releasing acyclovir, which is a virustatic agent that inhibits the replication of the virus in infected cells, and adsorbing released viral particles onto the surface of the polymer fibers. This reduces the overall burden of released viral particles, which is associated with the severity of the infection outbreak. Thus, with the aid of electrospinning, an ocular implant was successfully generated, which is biodegradable over time and significantly reduces the viral particle burden in vitro. Hence, the fibers represent a potential alternative for the prevention of herpes simplex keratitis after corneal transplantation...
Natural scene responses in the primary visual cortex are modulated simultaneously by attention and by contextual signals about scene statistics stored across the connectivity of the visual processing hierarchy. We hypothesize that attentional and contextual top-down signals interact in V1, in a manner that primarily benefits the representation of natural visual stimuli, rich in high-order statistical structure. Recording from two macaques engaged in a spatial attention task, we show that attention enhances the decodability of stimulus identity from population responses evoked by natural scenes but, critically, not by synthetic stimuli in which higher-order statistical regularities were eliminated. Attentional enhancement of stimulus decodability from population responses occurs in low dimensional spaces, as revealed by principal component analysis, suggesting an alignment between the attentional and the natural stimulus variance. Moreover, natural scenes produce stimulus-specific oscillatory responses in V1, whose power undergoes a global shift from low to high frequencies with attention. We argue that attention and perception share top-down pathways, which mediate hierarchical interactions optimized for natural vision.
Im Rahmen dieser publikationsbasierten Dissertation wurden drei wissenschaftliche Arbeiten veröffentlicht. Als Erstautorenschaft wurde 2022 die Arbeit “Effectiveness of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Therapy of Solid and Complex Benign Thyroid Nodules - A Long-term Follow up Two-center Study.” im Journal “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” veröffentlicht. Im Folgenden wird der Inhalt dieser Arbeit dargelegt. Ein kurzer Überblick über die Ergebnisse der anderen beiden mitpublizierten Arbeiten findet sich im Kapitel „Weitere Ergebnisse der Arbeitsgruppe“.
Durch die hohe Prävalenz benigner Schilddrüsenknoten sind deren Behandlungsalternativen von großem wissenschaftlichem Interesse. Dabei bildet die nebenwirkungsarme, minimalinvasive Thermoablation mittels high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) eine attraktive Alternative zu herkömmlichen Verfahren wie der Schilddrüsenchirurgie oder der Radioiodtherapie. Bei der HIFU-Echotherapie werden die Schilddrüsenknoten auf 80 - 90 Grad Celsius erhitzt, sodass eine irreversible Koagulationsnekrose entsteht. Um den Therapieprozess und die Indikationsstellung von HIFU bei benignen Schilddrüsenknoten zu optimieren, ist es notwendig, genaue Studien durchzuführen.
Ziel der vorliegenden bizentrischen Langzeitstudie war, die Effektivität von HIFU-Echotherapien bei benignen Schilddrüsenknoten zu evaluieren und erstmalig den Einfluss der Knotenmorphologie auf den Therapieerfolg zu untersuchen. Vor der Therapie und in regelmäßigen Intervallen nach der Therapie wurden die Größe und die Morphologie der Schilddrüsenknoten mittels Ultraschall dokumentiert. In der retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten von 58 Patienten ausgewertet. Dabei wurde die Gesamtpopulation in eine Gruppe mit soliden und in eine Gruppe mit komplexen Knoten eingeteilt. Die durchschnittliche prozentuale Volumenreduktion in jeder Gruppe wurde mit dem Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank Test statistisch analysiert.
Die Gesamtpopulation zeigte eine Volumenreduktion der zuvor abladierten Knoten von 38.86 % nach 3 Monaten (Spannweite: 4.03 % - 91.16 %, p < 0.0001, n = 25), 42.7 % nach 6 Monaten (Spannweite: 7.36 % - 93.2 %, p < 0.0001, n = 18), 62.21 % nach 9 Monaten (Spannweite: 12.88 % - 93.2 %, p = 0.0078, n = 8) und 61.42 % nach 12 Monaten (Spannweite: 39.39 % - 93.2 %, p > 0.05, n = 4). Die soliden Knoten hatten eine Volumenreduktion von 49.98 % nach 3 Monaten (Spannweite: 4.03 % - 91.16 %, p = 0.0001, n = 15), 46.40 % nach 6 Monaten (Spannweite: 7.36 % - 93.2 %, p = 0.001, n = 11), 65.77 % nach 9 Monaten (Spannweite: 39.39 % - 93.2 %, p = 0.0156, n = 7) und 63.88 % nach 12 Monaten (Spannweite: 39.39 % - 93.2%, p > 0.05, n = 2). Komplexe Knoten hatten eine Volumenreduktion von 35.2 % nach 3 Monaten (Spannweite: 5.85 % - 68.63 %, p = 0.002, n = 10), 36.89 % nach 6 Monaten (Spannweite: 12.23 % - 68.63 %, p = 0.0156, n = 7) und 63.64 % nach 12 Monaten (Spannweite: 52,38 % - 73.91 %, p > 0.05, n = 2).
In der vorliegenden bizentrischen Langzeitstudie wurde deutlich, dass HIFU-Echotherapie eine effektive Behandlungsoption benigner Schilddrüsenknoten ist. Erstmalig gezeigt wurde der Trend, dass solide Knoten besser auf HIFU-Echotherapie ansprechen als komplexe Knoten.
Anhand der gewonnenen Ergebnisse und der neuen Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss der Knotenmorphologie auf die HIFU-Echotherapie benigner Schilddrüsenknoten kann HIFU als Therapieoption besser bewertet werden. Eine differenziertere Indikationsstellung in Bezug auf solide und komplexe Knoten wird ermöglicht und die HIFU-Echotherapie kann gegen andere thermoablative Verfahren abgewogen werden.
Highlights
• An airport can result in high particle concentrations in a distant residential area.
• The particle size distribution indicated the airport as the main source of particles.
• Lower air traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic lead to lower particle concentrations.
• The particle concentration showed high temporal variations.
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles has a significant influence on human health. In regions with large commercial airports, air traffic and ground operations can represent a potential particle source. The particle number concentration was measured in a low-traffic residential area about 7 km from Frankfurt Airport with a Condensation Particle Counter in a long-term study. In addition, the particle number size distribution was determined using a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer.
The particle number concentrations showed high variations over the entire measuring period and even within a single day. A maximum 24 h-mean of 24,120 cm−3 was detected. Very high particle number concentrations were in particular measured when the wind came from the direction of the airport. In this case, the particle number size distribution showed a maximum in the particle size range between 5 and 15 nm. Particles produced by combustion in jet engines typically have this size range and a high potential to be deposited in the alveoli. During a period with high air traffic volume, significantly higher particle number concentrations could be measured than during a period with low air traffic volume, as in the COVID-19 pandemic.
A large commercial airport thus has the potential to lead to a high particle number concentration even in a distant residential area. Due to the high particle number concentrations, the critical particle size, and strong concentration fluctuations, long-term measurements are essential for a realistic exposure analysis.
Highlights
• Currently, China has the most publications, ahead of the USA and European countries.
• Research focuses are strictly separated into ecological and material science topics.
• Russia and Ukraine are among the frontrunners with a clear focus on materials science.
• The focus in PFAS research is shifting toward ecological issues.
• A national imbalance can be observed that leaves the low economies behind.
Abstract
The European Commission's current efforts to launch the largest proposal to restrict per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in history reflect the dire global plight of PFAS accumulation in the environment and their health impacts. While there are existing studies on PFAS research, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis that both covers the entire research period and provides deep insights into global research patterns, incentives, and barriers based on various parameters. We have been able to demonstrate the increasing interest in PFAS research, although citation numbers are declining prematurely. Policy regulations based on proving and establishing the toxicity of PFASs have stimulated research in developed countries and vice versa, with increasing emphasis on ecological aspects. China, in particular, is investing increasingly in PFAS research, but without defining or implementing regulations - with devastating effects. The separation of industrial and environmental research interests is clear, with little involvement of developing countries, even though their exposure to PFAS is devastating. It, therefore, requires increased globally networked and multidisciplinary approaches to address PFAS contamination challenges.
Studying the neural basis of human dynamic visual perception requires extensive experimental data to evaluate the large swathes of functionally diverse brain neural networks driven by perceiving visual events. Here, we introduce the BOLD Moments Dataset (BMD), a repository of whole-brain fMRI responses to over 1,000 short (3s) naturalistic video clips of visual events across ten human subjects. We use the videos’ extensive metadata to show how the brain represents word- and sentence-level descriptions of visual events and identify correlates of video memorability scores extending into the parietal cortex. Furthermore, we reveal a match in hierarchical processing between cortical regions of interest and video-computable deep neural networks, and we showcase that BMD successfully captures temporal dynamics of visual events at second resolution. With its rich metadata, BMD offers new perspectives and accelerates research on the human brain basis of visual event perception.
Highlights
• High resolution profile of C. pipiens' sugar diet has been obtained using UHPLC-MS.
• Artificial feeding using ornamental plants provides similar sugar profiles as observed in field collected mosquitoes.
• Metabolomic profiling found secondary metabolites and pollutants of anthropogenic use.
Abstract: Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) mosquitoes search plant sources of sugars to cope with the energetic demand of various physiological processes. The crop as part of the digestive system is devoted to the storage of sugar-based meal obtained from various nectars sources. The profiling of sugars and metabolites in the Culex pipiens’ crop is scarce, and only few studies used Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), which provides broad detection for biomonitoring environmental substances and even contaminants in the sugar diet of mosquitoes populations.
Therefore, sugar and metabolite profiling were performed on crops obtained from mosquitoes exposed to plant nectar under laboratory or natural conditions by Ultra High-Performance LC-MS (UHPLC-MS). This method allowed us a precise quantitative and qualitative identification of sugar diet and associated environmental compounds in the crop of the mosquito C. pipiens. Under laboratory condition, mosquitoes were allowed to feed on either glucose solution, commercially-available flowers or field collected flowers. In addition, we collected mosquitoes from the field to compare those crop metabolomes with metabolome patterns occurring after nectar feeding in the lab.
The sugar quantities and quality obtained from the crops of mosquitoes collected in the field were similar to those crops obtained from mosquitoes that fed on commercially-available flowers and from field collected flowers with a limit of detection of 10 μg/L for sucrose, glucose and sucrose. Next to sugar compounds, we identified 2 types of amino acids, 12 natural products, and 9 pesticides.
Next to the diversity of sugar compounds, we could confirm that secondary metabolites and environmental pollutants are typically up taken from floral nectar sources by C. pipiens. The in-depth knowledge on mosquito–plant interactions may inspire the development and further optimization of mosquito trap systems and arboviral surveillance systems.
We provide in this paper a comprehensive comparison of various transfer learning strategies and deep learning architectures for computer-aided classification of adult-type diffuse gliomas. We evaluate the generalizability of out-of-domain ImageNet representations for a target domain of histopathological images, and study the impact of in-domain adaptation using self-supervised and multi-task learning approaches for pretraining the models using the medium-to-large scale datasets of histopathological images. A semi-supervised learning approach is furthermore proposed, where the fine-tuned models are utilized to predict the labels of unannotated regions of the whole slide images (WSI). The models are subsequently retrained using the ground-truth labels and weak labels determined in the previous step, providing superior performance in comparison to standard in-domain transfer learning with balanced accuracy of 96.91% and F1-score 97.07%, and minimizing the pathologist's efforts for annotation. Finally, we provide a visualization tool working at WSI level which generates heatmaps that highlight tumor areas; thus, providing insights to pathologists concerning the most informative parts of the WSI.
• Mexican and German populations of L. sericata differ in their development times.
• Mexican L. sericata had a shorter development time at 20°C than German flies.
• At 30 °C, German L. sericata pupariated and eclosed earlier than the Mexican flies.
• Differences in study design make the comparison of developmental studies difficult.
Abstract
The cosmopolitan blow fly Lucilia sericata is often used in forensic case work for estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). For this, the age of immature specimens developing on the dead body is calculated by measuring the time taken to reach the sampled developmental stage at a given temperature. To test whether regional developmental data of L. sericata is valid on a global scale, the time taken to reach different developmental stages was compared between a population from Mexico and one from Germany at two different constant temperatures.
The German population of L. sericata was collected in Frankfurt/Main, while the Mexican population originated near Oaxaca de Juarez and was transported to Germany in the larval stage. Only the F1 generation was used to avoid adaption of the Mexican flies. Eggs were immediately placed at 20 °C and 30 °C. Five times 30 freshly eclosed larvae per replicate (n = 5) were then transferred to a cup of minced meat in separate containers. The larvae were checked every 8 h for migration, pupariation or emergence of adult flies. The time at which the first individual and 50 % of the specimens per container entered each of these stages, was recorded.
Significant differences in the time of development between the two populations were observed at both temperatures. At 20 °C, the first specimens of the Mexican population reached all developmental stages a little (< 1 day to < 2 days) earlier than the German L. sericata. At 30 °C, the Mexican flies also reached the post-feeding stage slightly earlier (0.2 days). However, at 30 °C, the German flies started pupariation significantly earlier (after 5 days) than the Mexican flies (6.9 days) and the adults from Germany also emerged earlier (10.5 days compared to 13.1 days). The same pattern was observed when looking at 50 % of the total number of specimens per container. A comparison with previously published developmental studies was difficult as the experimental design varied widely between studies. However, the results were within the range of most studies. Our study has shown that age estimation can vary widely depending on the population on which the reference data used for the calculations are based. This highlights the importance of using local and population-specific developmental data for estimating the age of blow flies in case work.
• Mexican and German populations of L. sericata differ in their development times.
• Mexican L. sericata had a shorter development time at 20°C than German flies.
• At 30 °C, German L. sericata pupariated and eclosed earlier than the Mexican flies.
• Differences in study design make the comparison of developmental studies difficult.
Abstract
The cosmopolitan blow fly Lucilia sericata is often used in forensic case work for estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). For this, the age of immature specimens developing on the dead body is calculated by measuring the time taken to reach the sampled developmental stage at a given temperature. To test whether regional developmental data of L. sericata is valid on a global scale, the time taken to reach different developmental stages was compared between a population from Mexico and one from Germany at two different constant temperatures.
The German population of L. sericata was collected in Frankfurt/Main, while the Mexican population originated near Oaxaca de Juarez and was transported to Germany in the larval stage. Only the F1 generation was used to avoid adaption of the Mexican flies. Eggs were immediately placed at 20 °C and 30 °C. Five times 30 freshly eclosed larvae per replicate (n = 5) were then transferred to a cup of minced meat in separate containers. The larvae were checked every 8 h for migration, pupariation or emergence of adult flies. The time at which the first individual and 50 % of the specimens per container entered each of these stages, was recorded.
Significant differences in the time of development between the two populations were observed at both temperatures. At 20 °C, the first specimens of the Mexican population reached all developmental stages a little (< 1 day to < 2 days) earlier than the German L. sericata. At 30 °C, the Mexican flies also reached the post-feeding stage slightly earlier (0.2 days). However, at 30 °C, the German flies started pupariation significantly earlier (after 5 days) than the Mexican flies (6.9 days) and the adults from Germany also emerged earlier (10.5 days compared to 13.1 days). The same pattern was observed when looking at 50 % of the total number of specimens per container. A comparison with previously published developmental studies was difficult as the experimental design varied widely between studies. However, the results were within the range of most studies. Our study has shown that age estimation can vary widely depending on the population on which the reference data used for the calculations are based. This highlights the importance of using local and population-specific developmental data for estimating the age of blow flies in case work.
Marjan van den Akker, Gesundheitswissenschaftlerin und Epidemiologin : Goethe, Deine Forscher
(2024)
Beyond well-established difficulties with working memory in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), evidence is emerging that other memory processes may also be affected. We investigated, first, which memory processes show differences in adults and adolescents with ADHD in comparison to control participants, focusing on working and short-term memory, initial learning, interference, delayed and recognition memory. Second, we investigated whether ADHD severity, co-occurring depressive symptoms, IQ and physical fitness are associated with the memory performance in the individuals with ADHD.
We assessed 205 participants with ADHD (mean age 25.8 years, SD 7.99) and 50 control participants (mean age 21.1 years, SD 5.07) on cognitive tasks including the digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the vocabulary and matrix reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Participants with ADHD were additionally assessed on ADHD severity, depression symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness. A series of regressions were run, with sensitivity analyses performed when variables were skewed.
ADHD-control comparisons were significant for DSF, DSB, delayed and recognition memory, with people with ADHD performing less well than the control participants. The result for recognition memory was no longer significant in sensitivity analysis. Memory performance was not associated with greater ADHD or depression symptoms severity. IQ was positively associated with all memory variables except DSF. Cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with the majority of RAVLT variables.
Individuals with ADHD showed difficulties with working memory, short-term memory and delayed memory, as well as a potential difficulty with recognition memory, despite preserved initial learning.
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has recently emerged as an exciting new drug modality. However, the strategy of developing small molecule-based protein degraders has evolved over the past two decades and has now established molecular tags that are already in clinical use, as well as chimeric molecules, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs), based mainly on ligand systems developed for the two E3 ligases CRBN and VHL. The large size of the human E3 ligase family suggests that PROTACs can be developed by targeting a large diversity of E3 ligases, some of which have restricted expression patterns with the potential to design disease- or tissue-specific degraders. Indeed, many new E3 ligands have been published recently, confirming the druggability of E3 ligases. This review summarises recent data on E3 ligases and highlights the challenges in developing these molecules into efficient PROTACs rivalling the established degrader systems.
PET probes targeting fibroblasts are frequently used for varying applications in oncology. In recent years, the clinical spectrum has been expanded towards cardiovascular medicine, e.g., after myocardial infarction, in aortic stenosis or as a non-invasive read-out of atherosclerosis. We herein provide a brief overview of the current status of this PET radiotracer in the context of cardiovascular disease, including translational and clinical evidence. In addition, we will also briefly discuss future applications, e.g., the use of fibroblast-targeting PET to investigate bilateral organ function along the cardiorenal axis.