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Acompanha-se, aqui, a pertinência do lema de Engels, que concebe o marxismo como "herdeiro do idealismo alemão" nas teorias de Lukács, Horkheimer e Adorno. Enquanto Lukács assenta o método marxista na vertente da filosofia hegeliana e Horkheimer assume explicitamente o legado kantiano, Adorno não se propõe a ser herdeiro, mas sim crítico do idealismo alemão.
Habermas relê Adorno e Horkheimer à luz do seu próprio modelo, isto é, do "paradigma lingüístico" que substitui a práxis transformadora pela argumentação. Assim, Habermas não percebe que, em Adorno, a competência comunicativa subordina-se a algo essencialmente diferente, a um impulso emancipatório. As características deste a priori transcendental racionalmente mediado devem ser buscadas não na Dialética do esclarecimento, mas em Minima moralia.
Ausländer sind für die kulturelle Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik von großer Bedeutung. Auch sie müssen deshalb das Recht haben, sich umfassend politisch zu betätigen, fordert Seyed Shahram Iranbomy. Doch das bundesdeutsche Recht trennt nicht nur bei der Möglichkeit zu wählen scharf zwischen Deutschen und Ausländern, sondern auch in vielen anderen Bereichen. Wo dies der Fall ist und zu welchen Konsequenzen dies führt und noch führen kann, schildert Iranbomy einem Aufsatz, den wir im Wortlaut, aber ohne Fußnoten, dokumentieren. Der Autor ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main.
By means of the analysis of two Theodor Adomo's texts temporal1y very distant from each other -one written in the beginning of his career, the other in his maturity -, this article shows that the essay was for him not merely a theme of reflection, but also and upmost a kind of matrix for his thought. Within this matrix, through resort to a tradition, begun, in the Modernity, with Montaigne and solidified with Leibniz and the English empiricists, Adorno seeks to build, in the last phase of his philosophy, his conception of an "Anti-system", in which the indispensable coherence of thought can be kept save from instrumentalization by the domination system.