Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (10)
- Part of Periodical (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (11)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (11)
Keywords
- Czech Republic (11) (remove)
Institute
The vegetation of silver fir forests in southeastern Bohemia (Czech Republic) was studied using the Braun-Blanquet approach. On the basis of 57 phytosociological relevés, three associations were subjectively distinguished: (1) oligotrophic Vaccinio vitis-idaeae-Abietetum, (2) oligo-mesotrophic Luzulo luzuloidis-Abietetum, and (3) mesotrophic Galio rotundifolii-Abietetum (all of them with drier and wetter subtypes). Each association is characterised by species composition, basic soil properties (soil type, humus form), and distribution in the study area. Ellenberg indicator values and detrended correspondence analysis were used to visualize the similarity of vegetation types and detect the main ecological factors determining the proposed classification. The syntaxonomy of fir-dominated forests is discussed.
Scholars are coming to terms with the fact that something is rotten in the new democracies of Central Europe. The corrosion has multiple symptoms: declining trust in democratic institutions, emboldened uncivil society, the rise of oligarchs and populists as political leaders, assaults on an independent judiciary, the colonization of public administration by political proxies, increased political control over media, civic apathy, nationalistic contestation and Russian meddling. These processes signal that the liberal-democratic project in the so-called Visegrad Four (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) has been either stalled, diverted or reversed. This article investigates the “illiberal turn” in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries. It develops an analytical distinction between illiberal “turns” and “swerves”, with the former representing more permanent political changes, and offers evidence that Hungary is the only country in the V4 at the brink of a decisive illiberal turn.
Chthonius heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882 is recorded for the first time from the Czech Republic (Hranická chasm). The occurence of this Carpathian species in Central Europe is discussed and the positions of the type localities are corrected.
New vegetation data of dry grasslands in the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin
(2010)
The paper presents new vegetation data from dry grassland sites in the biogeographical regions of the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin, mainly belonging to the alliances Bromo pannonici-Festucion pallentis and Festucion valesiacae (Festuco-Brometea). The 124 phytosociological relevés were sampled between 2005 and 2009 in Slovakia, the SE Czech Republic, NE Austria, and N Hungary. They are classified into 16 associations and four transitional vegetation types. The paper also brings new information on the distribution of grassland associations in the study area. A new locality of the rare association Teucrio botryos-Andropogonetum ischaemi was confirmed. During our recent investigation of historical sites of the Alopecuro pratensis-Festucetum pseudovinae (Cynosurion cristati, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) in the Slaná river floodplain, only one occurrence could be confirmed. Geographical principles in distribution of dry grassland associations and classification of the Stipa pulcherrima-dominated stands are also discussed.
Urban reserves, like other protected areas, aim to preserve species richness but conservation efforts in these protected areas are complicated by high proportions of alien species. We examined which environmental factors determine alien species presence in 48 city reserves of Prague, Czech Republic. We distinguished between archaeophytes, i.e. alien species introduced since the beginning of Neolithic agriculture up to 1500 A. D., and neophytes, i.e. modern invaders introduced after that date, with the former group separately analysed for endangered archaeophytes (listed as C1 and C2 categories on national red list). Archaeophytes responded positively to the presence of arable land that was in place at the time of the reserve establishment, and to a low altitudinal range. In addition to soil properties, neophytes responded to recent human activities with the current proportion of built-up area in reserves serving as a proxy. Endangered archaeophytes, with the same affinity for past arable land as other archaeophytes, were also supported by the presence of current shrubland in the reserve. This suggests that for endangered archaeophytes it may have been difficult to adapt to changing agricultural practices, and shrublands might act as a refugium for them. Forty-six of the 155 neophytes recorded in the reserves are classified as invasive. The reserves thus harbour 67% of the 69 invasive neophytes recorded in the country, and particularly worrisome is that many of the most invasive species are shrubs and trees, a life form that is known to account for widespread invasions with high impacts. Our results thus strongly suggest that in Prague nature reserves there is a high potential for future invasions.
Aufgrund der Revision des phytozönologischen Materials der Klasse Festuco-Brometea in Böhmen wurde im Rahmen des Verbandes Festucion valesiacae die Assoziation Pulsatillo pratensis-Festucetum valesiacae Klika ex Kolbek neu beschrieben, die bisher aus der publizierten Literatur in der provisorischen Beschreibung und in einer Aufnahme (KLIKA 1947) aus dem Tal des Mittellaufes der Berounka (Mittelböhmen) bekannt war. Zu dieser Assoziation gehören offene, xerotherme Krautgesellschaften flachgründigerer Böden und mäßiger Neigungen an der pflanzengeographischen oder ökologischen Grenze der Verbreitung von Gesellschaften des Verbandes Festucion valesiacae in den wärmeren Gebieten Böhmens. Ein Vergleich mit den verwandten Einheiten des Verbandes bekräftigte die Gültigkeit der Abtrennung dieser Einheit, die sich weiter, nach Zusammenschau aller erreichbaren phytozönologischen Aufnahmen, in zwei Subassoziationen aufteilt, nämlich thymetosum pulegioidis subass. nova und thymetosum praecocis subass. nova. Die beiden Einheiten unterscheiden sich nicht nur durch die floristische Zusammensetzung (Tab. 1 u. 2), sondern auch durch die synökologischen Charakteristika (Tab. 3) und durch die allgemeine Verbreitung (Abb. 1). Die Bestände der Subassoziation thymetosum pulegioidis sind bisher von mineralisch schwächeren Silikatgesteinen in der Gegend von Krivoklät bekannt. Die Bestände der Subassoziation thymetosum praecocis wurden auf basischen Vulkaniten am Bergfuß der Doupovské, vrchy (Duppauer Berge) und nach den publizierten Aufnahmen auf den Lößablagerungen im Naturschutzgebiet Sárka in Prag, auf den Felsen Vëtrusické skály im unteren Moldautal und den Kalkgesteinen des Böhmischen Karsts festgestellt.
Der Unterverband Coronillo variae-Festucenion rupicolae ist in Böhmen einstweilen nur durch die Assoziation Diantho deltoidis-Festucetum rupicolae vertreten, die auf humosem, skeletthaltigem, aber tiefgründigem Boden verbreitet ist. Das Diantho-Festucetum verhält sich als Randgesellschaft des Verbandes Festucion valesiacae, die Übergänge zu den geschlosseneren Gesellschaften des Verbandes Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis ausbildet, entsprechend seines Vorkommens in den relativ kälteren und feuchteren Gebieten der submontanen Stufe der Westhälfte Böhmens. Die Bestände wurden häufig von basischen Vulkaniten des Gebirges Doupovské hory (Duppauer Berge, Westböhmen) und von mineralisch schwächeren Silikatgesteinen in der Gegend von Krivoklät (Mittelböhmen) bekannt.
As legislation, research and management of invasive alien species (IAS) are not fully coordinated across countries or different stakeholder groups, one approach leading to more or less standardized activities is based on producing lists of prominent IAS that attain high level of concern and are a subject of priority monitoring and management. These so-called Black, Grey and Watch (alert) Lists represent a convenient starting point for setting priorities in prevention, early warning and management systems. It is important that these lists be based on transparent and robust criteria so as to accommodate interests and perception of impacts by groups of concerned authorities and stakeholders representing sectors as diverse as, e.g. forestry, horticulture, aquaculture, hunting, and nature conservation, and to justify possible trade restrictions. The principles for blacklisting need to be general enough to accommodate differences among taxonomic groups (plants, invertebrates, vertebrates) and invaded environments (e.g. aquatic, terrestrial, urban, suburban, seminatural), and must take into account invasion dynamics, the impact the IAS pose, and management strategies suitable for each particular invader. With these assumptions in mind, we synthesize available information to present Black, Grey and Watch Lists of alien species for the Czech Republic, with recommended categorized management measures for land managers, policy makers and other stakeholders. We took into account differences in the listed species’ distribution, invasion status, known or estimated environmental impact, as well as possible management options, and apply these criteria to both plants and animals. Species with lower impact, but for which some level of management and regulation is desirable, are included on the Grey List. Some potentially dangerous species occurring in European countries with comparable climatic conditions, as well as those introduced in the past but without presently known wild populations in the Czech Republic, are listed on the Watch list. In total, there are 78 plant and 39 animal species on the Black List, 47 and 16 on the Grey List, and 25 and 27, respectively, on the Watch List. The multilayered approach to the classification of alien species, combining their impacts, population status and relevant management, can serve as a model for other countries that are in process of developing their Black Lists.
: German in East Central and South East Europe is deeply rooted in the area’s multilingualism. It shows specific developments in different countries, though. In this article the examples Slovenia, Czech Republic, and Romania represent German in very different situations, historically as well as contemporary.
Wenig bekannte Trockenrasen-Gesellschaften in den Flußtälern am Südostrand der Böhmischen Masse
(1997)
Drei wenig bekannte Festuco-Brometea-Gesellschaften aus den kristallinen Tälern der Flüsse Krems, Kamp, Thaya/Dyje, Rokytná, Jihlava, Oslava und Svitava (Südostrand der Böhmischen Masse, Österreich und Tschechische Republik) werden beschrieben. Sie kommen teilweise auf den natürlichen Waldlichtungen südexponierter Felskanten vor, teilweise auch auf sekundären Standorten. Das Inulo oculi-christi-Stipetum pulcherrimae Vicherek et Chytrý in Chytrý et Vicherek 1996 (Festucion valesiacae) ist ein Trockenrasen basischer Böden, vor allem über Marmor und permokarbonischem Konglomerat in wärmeren Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes. Das Genisto tinctoriae-Stipetum joannis ass. nova (Festucion valesiacae) ist ein Trockenrasen, der das Inulo oculi-christi-Stipetum pulcherrimae in kühleren und niederschlagsreicheren Lagen ablöst. Sein Vorkommen ist auf Amphibolit, Marmor und Kalkstein konzentriert. Das Centaureo stoebes-Allietum montani ass. nova (Alysso-Festucion pallentis) ist ein relativ offener Trockenrasen der von beständiger Bodenerosion beeinflußten Felsterrassen auf verschiedenen (meistens basischen) Gesteinen.