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Die Frage ist, ob und in welcher Weise säkulare Texte auf religiöse Auslegungspraktiken und Deutungsmuster rekurrieren, und welche Verschiebungen dabei zwischen ihnen stattfinden. Die Autoren gehen dabei erstens davon aus, dass der Kommentar eine paradoxe Textpraxis ist, und zweitens davon, dass diese Paradoxie in der Moderne besonders dort manifest wird, wo sie sich mit denjenigen Paradoxien berührt oder überschneidet, die im Prozess der Säkularisierung entstehen.
Liebe, Situation, Sprache
(2013)
"The golden age of cultural theory is long past" - with this statement, Terry Eagleton begins his puzzling reflections on the era "After Theory" - that's the title of his book, first published in 2001. If the invasion of literary and cultural theory has come to an end, as Eagleton suggests, theory will probably become a simple object of the history of ideas. But what theoretical implications accompany the discourse of a possible and even probable end of theory? In this so-called era after theory, literary criticism quickly decided to take new steps: the Anglo-American tradition of "Cultural Studies" attempted to replace the theoretical impact of French theory with a more empirical approach to literary texts. At the same time, good old philology raised its hand to oppose the topographical turn of cultural studies as well as the deconstructive turn against all forms of presence. [...] For Foucault, philology is nothing more than a part of the historical discourse of the nineteenth century, an old-fashioned term that lacks any impact on contemporary problems. For this and other reasons, Foucault showed little interest in more recent models of philology. But maybe instead of subscribing too easily to the notion that we live in an era after theory, where problems of literary theory are replaced by concepts of discourse and culture that no longer pay any attention to literature, what is called for is an investigation of the impact of philological understanding in the humanities.
The paper presents a reading of "celestinesque literature" - texts surrounding Fernando de Rojas’ famous novel 'La Celestina' (1499) - in view of the question, to what extent the term "marranism" may serve as a philological rather than a biographical category. Dealing with Stephen Gilman’s exemplary studies, the paper shows how Rojas’ text subverts some of the most important metaphorical structures used by philologists to represent "marranism" and to read "marrano literature." Celestinesque novels, on the other hand, develop their own notion of "philology:" the "love" that they narrate also reflects the "desire of the logos" that works throughout their language.
Borges : philology as poetry
(2018)
The titles of many of Borges's poems refer to canonical texts of world literature. One poem, for example, deals with the ending of the Odyssey and is simply called "A scholion"; others are called "Inferno V, 129" and "Paradise XXXI, 108", referring both to Dante's "Divine Comedy". These titles indicate that in his poems, Borges often keeps his distance from traditional poetical matters such as love, or, more generally, immediate emotions. Instead, he writes poems that gloss other texts, some of which actually relate love stories. Thus, Borges's poems stage themselves as philological commentaries rather than as poetry in its own right. In a similar vein and on a more general level, Borges likes to present himself in poems, interviews, and essays as a fervent reader of world literature, playing down his role as an original author. [...] In the following two sections of his paper, Joachim Harst tackles this question by commenting on two of Borges's philological poems, namely, the two texts on Dante's "Comedy". A ready objection to the idea of "philological poetry" is that despite Borges's selfstaging as reader, his texts obviously aren't philological in any academic sense. [...] The fundamental role of love for Dante's cosmological vision leads Harst to another understanding of the term "philology," namely, its more or less literal translation as "love of the lógos," the "lógos" being the cosmic principle and the divine word. Dante's Comedy can be considered a "philological" text in the sense that it is fueled by the "love of the lógos," and it discusses this love by citing, glossing and correcting other texts on love. Returning to Borges, Harst suggests that his two "philological" poems on Dante refer to this understanding of "philology." But by modifying the epic's theological underpinnings, they work to integrate Dante into a larger system which Borges calls "universal literature." Harst claims that this notion of literature, just like Dante's cosmos, is also centered on a lógos—albeit differently structured—and in this sense "philological."
Was ist Computerphilologie?
(1999)
Im Zuge seiner weltweiten Verbreitung konnte sich der PC gegen anfängliche Bedenken und Widerstände auch in der Literaturwissenschaft als Werkzeug der täglichen Arbeit etablieren. Anfangs waren es vor allem die Vorteile der Textverarbeitung und deren Entlastung vom mechanischen Aspekt des Schreibens und Wiederschreibens, die den Rechnern den Weg auf die Schreibtische ebneten. Ist aber die Maschine einmal vorhanden, man sich mit geringem Aufwand Zugang zum Internet verschaffen. E-Mail und das World Wide Web eröffnen einfachere Kommunikationswege, dazu kommen die Vorteile des Intranets, also eines universitätseigenen Netzes mit Zugriff auf elektronische Bibliographien und die Bibliothekskataloge einschließlich der Bestellmöglichkeiten vor Ort. Nicht wenige Literaturwissenschaftler haben sich inzwischen auch mit den neueren elektronischen Texten angefreundet, deren einfachen Benutzeroberflächen althergebrachte philologische Tätigkeiten sehr beschleunigen, zum Beispiel die Klärung von Wortbedeutungen mittels der Suche nach Parallelstellen beim selben Autor oder in derselben Epoche.
Friedrich August Wolf posits in his "Prolegomena ad Homerum" that, from the time of the first transcription of Homer's epics around 700 BC to the time of the Alexandrian editions, the Iliad and Odyssey underwent repeated revisions by a multitude of poets and critics. According to Wolf, the "unified" works that we know are the products of emendations by Alexandrian critics who attempted to homogenize the style of the epics and to return them to their "original" form. This paper argues that Wolf's narration of the history of these texts relies on and produces aesthetic claims, not historical ones. Wolf determines the dates and origins of passages based on intuitive judgments of style for which he cannot provide linguistic or historical evidence. And his conclusions that the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were not written by Homer, but rather by a history of emendations and revisions, enthrones his work — the work of philologists — in place of the literary genius Homer. Thus philology becomes for Wolf an aesthetic discipline that produces canonical and beautiful works of literature. This aesthetic task is essential for philology to fulfill its educational and political responsibilities.
In response to the question "What is the nature of a philological practice that seeks to establish a spatial relationship between text and reader?" this essay compares the philologist Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht's contemporary account of aesthetic experience with the school of Empathy Aesthetics in the late nineteenth century with respect to the manner each emphasizes the spatial qualities of that relationship. Although employing different conceptual repertoires, both assert that the desire of an aesthetic recipient to be in the spatial vicinity of the object and experience the presence of the object with and upon his own body motivates an aesthetic experience, including the work of the philologist. Gumbrecht and the empathy aesthetician Robert Vischer characterize the desire to stand in a spatial relationship to the aesthetic object as the desire to be subsumed thereby, a characterization which entails the negation of the original philological standpoint.
Ziel des Artikels ist es, die Produktivität der Transformationstheorie, die am Berliner SFB 644 "Transformationen der Antike" zur Analyse kulturellen Wandels entwickelt wurde, zu belegen. Zu diesem Zweck werden Phänomene des kulturellen Wandels in den Wissenskulturen des späten Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit untersucht. Aus der Sicht der Berliner Transformationstheorie ist ein hervorstechendes Charakteristikum kulturellen Wandels seine allelopoietische Struktur: Jede kulturelle Transformation setzt sich aus bidirektionalen, interagierenden, reziproken Phänomenen des Wandels in einer Aufnahmekultur und einer oder mehreren Referenzkulturen zusammen. Der Artikel behandelt deshalb soziale, epistemische und lehrende Praktiken und bezieht sich dabei zuvorderst auf 'convivia' und Akademien, Autopsie als besondere wissenschaftliche Methode und Disputationen und Deklamationen als akademische, universitäre Praktiken im 16. Jahrhundert. In all diesen Bereichen werden die Transformationen in einem andauernden Kampf um kulturelle und soziale Geltung verwirklicht, die durch die 'agency' einer Vielzahl vielfältiger Akteure und Agenten (wie Medien, Gattungen usw.) beeinflusst werden.