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Indian spider species currently assigned to Storena Walckenaer, 1805 are revised mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. A new genus, Laminion gen. nov. is proposed to include four species; three are transferred from Storena: Laminion arakuensis (Patel & Reddy, 1989) gen. et comb. nov., Laminion birenifer (Gravely, 1921) gen. et comb. nov. and Laminion debasrae (Biswas & Biswas, 1992) gen. et comb. nov., whereas the fourth species is from Suffasia Jocqué, 1991: Laminion gujaratensis (Tikader & Patel, 1975) gen. et comb. nov. The species Storena tikaderi Patel & Reddy, 1989 syn. nov. is synonymised with L. birenifer gen. et comb. nov. Storena dibangensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 and Storena indica Tikader & Patel, 1975 are transferred to Mallinella Strand, 1906. All the type material examined are imaged and redescribed. In addition, images of the type material of Storenomorpha joyaus (Tikader, 1970) are presented.
Learning foreign languages is both necessary and difficult.There are numerous suggestions for improving the learning success in the foreign language school. They did not usually lead to the desired success.This is also because learning a foreign language at school is different from learning mother tongue, which focuses on intensive practical exercises and the principle of trial and error.That's why you do not learn much about how language works. With the proposal of a propaedeutic foreign language teaching a "detour" is to be gone with the help of a language and teaching material model, which allows it to deal with the functioning of language. For this purpose, the planned language Esperanto is suitable because it brings the necessary qualities for it and it positively influences the subsequent learning of ethnic foreign languages by transfer.
We examined whether positive transfer of cognitive training, which so far has been observed for individual tests only, also generalizes to cognitive abilities, thereby carrying greater promise for improving everyday intellectual competence in adulthood and old age. In the COGITO Study, 101 younger and 103 older adults practiced six tests of perceptual speed (PS), three tests of working memory (WM), and three tests of episodic memory (EM) for over 100 daily 1-h sessions. Transfer assessment included multiple tests of PS, WM, EM, and reasoning. In both age groups, reliable positive transfer was found not only for individual tests but also for cognitive abilities, represented as latent factors. Furthermore, the pattern of correlations between latent change factors of practiced and latent change factors of transfer tasks indicates systematic relations at the level of broad abilities, making the interpretation of effects as resulting from unspecific increases in motivation or self-concept less likely. Keywords: cognitive training, cognitive abilities, transfer, latent factors, working memory
The huntsman spider genera Sparianthina Banks, 1929 and Anaptomecus Simon, 1903 are reviewed. The type species of Sparianthina, Sparianthina selenopoides Banks, 1929, is redescribed, illustrated, and recorded from Costa Rica for the first time; a lectotype and paralectotype are designated. Three species are transferred to the genus: Sparianthina pumilla (Keyserling, 1880) comb. n. from Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 (lectotype and paralectotype are designated), Sparianthina rufescens (Mello-Leitão, 1940) comb. n. from Anaptomecus and Sparianthina milleri (Caporiacco, 1955) comb. n. from Macrinus Simon, 1887. The ♂ of S. rufescens (Mello-Leitão, 1940) comb. n. and the ♀ of S. milleri comb. n. are described for the first time. Three new species are described: Sparianthina adisi sp. n., S. deltshevi sp. n., and S. saaristoi sp. n. The male and female of Anaptomecus longiventris Simon, 1903 are described for the first time and the species is recorded from Panama for the first time. Two new species are described: Anaptomecus temii sp. n. and A. levyi sp. n. Keywords: Taxonomy, re-description, transfer, review
Indian species of Drassyllus and Nodocion are revised, mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. All the Indian representatives of the former genus are transferred to Cryptodrassus, with a synonymy of Drassyllus jabalpurensis syn. nov. with Cryptodrassus khajuriai comb. nov., while the Indian species of the latter genus are transferred to Setaphis, with a provisional transfer of Nodocion solanensis. All the examined type specimens are imaged and supplementary descriptions are provided.
Previous studies used a text-fading procedure as a training tool with the goal to increase silent reading fluency (i.e., proficient reading rate and comprehension). In recently published studies, this procedure resulted in lasting reading enhancements for adult and adolescent research samples. However, studies working with children reported mixed results. While reading rate improvements were observable for Dutch reading children in a text-fading training study, reading fluency improvements in standardized reading tests post-training attributable to the fading manipulation were not detectable. These results raise the question of whether text-fading training is not effective for children or whether research design issues have concealed possible transfer effects. Hence, the present study sought to investigate possible transfer effects resulting from a text-fading based reading training program, using a modified research design. Over a period of 3 weeks, two groups of German third-graders read sentences either with an adaptive text-fading procedure or at their self-paced reading rate. A standardized test measuring reading fluency at the word, sentence, and text level was conducted pre- and post-training. Text level reading fluency improved for both groups equally. Post-training gains at the word level were found for the text-fading group, however, no significant interaction between groups was revealed for word reading fluency. Sentence level reading fluency gains were found for the text-fading group, which significantly differed from the group of children reading at their self-paced reading routine. These findings provide evidence for the efficacy of text-fading as a training method for sentence reading fluency improvement also for children.
Objectives: It is known that transition, as a shift of care, marks a vulnerable phase in the adolescents’ lives with an increased risk for non-adherence and allograft failure. Still, the transition process of adolescents and young adults living with a kidney transplant in Germany is not well defined. The present research aims to assess transition-relevant structures for this group of young people. Special attention is paid to the timing of the process.
Setting: In an observational study, we visited 21 departments of paediatric nephrology in Germany. Participants were doctors (n=19), nurses (n=14) and psychosocial staff (n=16) who were responsible for transition in the relevant centres. Structural elements were surveyed using a short questionnaire. The experiential viewpoint was collected by interviews which were transcribedverbatim before thematic analysis was performed.
Results: This study highlights that professionals working within paediatric nephrology in Germany are well aware of the importance of successful transition. Key elements of transitional care are well understood and mutually agreed on. Nonetheless, implementation within daily routine seems challenging, and the absence of written, structured procedures may hamper successful transition.
Conclusions: While professionals aim for an individual timing of transfer based on medical, social, emotional and structural aspects, rigid regulations on transfer age as given by the relevant health authorities add on to the challenge.
Trial registration: number ISRCTN Registry no 22988897; results (phase I) and pre-results (phase II).
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die Ergebnisse eines Experimentes zur Restitution von Sandtrockenrasen vorgestellt. In einer Pilotstudie im Darmstadt-Dieburger Sandgebiet, die im Jahre 1998 begann und deren erste Bestandsaufnahme im Jahre 1999 erfolgte, wurden in einem stratifiziert-randomisierten Versuchsdesign inokulierte, beweidete Flächen bzw. nicht-inokulierte beweidete und unbeweidete Vergleichsflächen mit pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen dokumentiert. Dieses Gebiet wies mit 87 mg/kg trockener Boden relativ hohe Gehalte an pflanzenverfügbarem Phosphat-P auf; eine Reduzierung dieser Werte war hier nicht möglich. Die Samenbank und der Diasporen-Niederschlag waren nach den Ergebnissen einer Voruntersuchung ruderal geprägt.
In den ersten drei Jahren etablierten sich auf den inokulierten Flächen die Arten der Leitbildgesellschaften (Pionierfluren der Corynephoretalia und Bestände des Allio-Stipetum), die auch als Donorflächen fungierten (mit 70-76 % der in den Donorflächen vorhandenen Arten). Die Übertragung von Mäh- oder Rechgut zeigte geringste Eingriffe in die Bestände der Spendergebiete. Die Übertragung von Soden ist aufwändiger und beeinträchtigt die Donorflächen in höherem Maße. Die Übertragungsrate bei Sodenversetzung war im ersten Jahr besser als die der Rech-/Mähgut-Inokulation, die Rate der Rech-/Mähgut-Inokulation glich sich jedoch im dritten Jahr an. - Im Laufe des Untersuchungszeitraumes kam es auf den nicht-inokulierten Flächen zu einer Ablösung von kurzlebigen Stellarietea- durch mehrjährige Artemisietea-Arten; dies korrespondiert mit der Ablösung von kurzlebigen Koelerio-Corynephoretea- durch mehrjährige Festuco-Brometea-Arten auf den inokulierten Flächen. - Der selektive Fraß von Schafen und Eseln, insbesondere an höherwüchsigen Arten, konnte den Grad der Ruderalisierung senken. Anhand von Ruderalisierungs-Indices, die die Summe bzw. die Deckung von Ruderalarten im Vergleich zu Zielarten in Beziehung setzen, kann dies belegt werden. Der Ansatz „Beweidung ohne Inokulation" führte nicht zur Entwicklung von Beständen, die sich in stärkerem Maße den Leitbildgesellschaften annähern, wenn auch die Dominanz von Calamagrostis epigejos hier gemindert wurde. Die Untersuchungen zeigen die Eignung vor allem der Mahd- und Rechgutübertragung für die Restitution von Sandtrockenrasen. Die Ergebnisse der Modellstudie dienen als Grundlage für größerflächige Ansätze im Rahmen von Erprobungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben, z. B. im Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg und im Emsland (Niedersachsen). In diesen Projekten wird - wenn möglich - sehr nährstoffarmer Sand verwendet (z. B. Tiefensand).