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Es wird klar, dass die Wortbildung allein, die vor allem den formalen Bau von Wörtern untersucht, keine Antwort auf die Frage geben kann, warum sich Wortkreuzungen einer immer größeren Beliebtheit erfreuen. Dazu muss der textlinguistische Ansatz gewählt und die Analyse ihrer Funktionen an konkreten Texten vorgenommen werden, woraus sich dann Rückschlüsse auf die Bedürfnisse der Sprachbenutzer bezüglich der sprachlichen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten ziehen lassen.
In diesem Artikel soll eine dieser entlehnten Einheiten aus der englischen Sprache vorgestellt werden, die im Deutschen zur Bildung neuer Wörter verwendet wird: "-seller". Es soll gezeigt werden, welche Wortbildungsprodukte mit "-seller" in welchen Bedeutungsvarianten in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache auftreten bzw. ob und in welcher Bedeutung "Seller" als freies Morphem verwendet wird.
Viele gegenwartssprachliche Grammatiken sprechen nicht mehr von starken Verben, sondern von unregelmäßigen. Diese Verben werden denn auch nicht mehr in Ablautreihen ("AR") oder, genauer, in Alternanzmuster eingeordnet, sondern alphabetisch aufgelistet. Types und Tokens kommen damit in Deckung, jedes Verb scheint ein eigener Type zu sein. Zumindest interessiert es nicht mehr, ob es hier übergreifende Muster gibt. Das hat gravierende Folgen: Die starken Verben werden als letzte erratische Brocken eines einstigen Gebirges begriffen, die ungeordnet in der Landschaft herumliegen und noch nicht von der Welle der (regelmäßigen) schwachen Verben erfasst wurden, dem aber entgegenblicken. Klassenstatus erlangen nur die schwachen Verben, allenfalls noch die Modalverben.
Rječotvorni načini hrvatskoga jezika temelje se na ulančavanju morfema. U radu se opisuju tri tvorbena načina kojih nema u autohtonu, naslijeđenu hrvatskom leksiku – jedan koji se također temelji na morfemskoj raščlambi (infiksacija), dva kojima su temelji drugačiji (reduplikacija i leksička fuzija). Rad želi troje: i) istaknuti pojedine nedosljednosti postojećih opisa hrvatske morfologije, ii) opisati pojedinačne pozajmljene i domaće hrvatske lekseme i konstrukcije u kojima se o tim trima tvorbama može govoriti; iii) predvidjeti mogu li se neautohtoni tvorbeni načini i u kojoj mjeri importirati iz stranih jezika, danas ponajprije (jedino) engleskoga.
This paper is concerned with anticausative verbs (or verb-forms), or shortly, anticausatives. [...] [C]ausative/non-causative pairs with a marked non-causative are quite frequent in the languages of the world. However, so far they have not received sufficient attention in general and typological linguistics, a fact which is also manifested in the absence of a generally recognized term for this phenomenon […]. This paper therefore deals with the most important properties of anticausatives (particularly semantic conditions on them), their relationship to other areas of grammar as well as their historical development in different languages. The grammatical domain of transitivity, valence and voice, where the anticausative belongs, takes up a central position in grammar and consequently the present discussion should be of considerable interest to general comparative (or typological) linguists.
The impact of the morphological alternation of subject markers on tense/aspect: the case of Swahili
(2006)
Subject markers for the first, second and third person singular in Southern Swahili dialects display morphological variation in that specific forms are chosen with different tense-aspect markers. This paper documents this variation in the different dialects and presents a distributional chart which reveals the symmetric patterns between these subject markers and their corresponding tense-aspect formatives. The study corroborates earlier work in the manifestation of variant morphological tense-aspect formatives of the regional dialects of Swahili by Mazrui (1983).
In this paper, I discuss four different verb forms in Ndebele (a Nguni Bantu language spoken mainly in Zimbabwe) - the imperative, reduplicated, future and participial. I show that while all four are subject to minimality restrictions, minimality is satisfied differently in each of these morphological contexts. To account for this, I argue that in Ndebele (as in other Bantu languages) Word and RED are not the only constituents which must satisfy minimality: the Stem is also subject to minimality conditions in some morphological contexts. This paper, then, provides additional arguments for the proposal that Phonological Word is not the only sub-lexical morpho-prosodic constituent. Further, I argue that, although Word, RED and Stern are all subject to the same minimality constraint – they must all be minimally bisyllabic - this does not follow from a single 'generalized' constraint. Instead, I argue, contra recent work within Generalized Template Theory (see, e.g., McCarthy & Prince 1994, 1995a, 1999; Urbanezyk 1995, 1996; and Walker 2000; etc.) that a distinct minimality constraint must be formalized for each of these morpho-prosodic constituents.
This paper studies the acquisition process of Spanish verbal morphology in a monolingual child. The study focuses on the period of the first 50 verb lemmas. This covers the period from age 1;7 till 1;10.
The data shows that the verb acquisition process of this Spanish child follows three main stages:
1. A lexical stage in which verbs are only acquired as a lexical element.
2. A syntactic stage in which the verb, still contemplated as a non-split word, becomes the main element in the development of thematic and semantic relations.
3. A morphological stage in which verb suffixes begin to be analysed separately. At this stage, the relationship between form and meaning starts and the functional categories linked to the verb (tense, aspect, agreement, mood... ) begin to be acquired. Just at this moment, the first miniparadigms appear, which suggests that the acquisition process of verb morphology has started.
The first two stages are premorphological and cover in our child the period till 1;9. In the last stage, which begins at 1;10, the child enters the protomorphological stage.
Rad je nastao iz potrebe da se opiše dubrovački pučki govor 17. i 18. st. Pri morfološkoj je analizi važno uzeti u obzir da se opisuje jezično razdoblje i područje podudarno s početkom formiranja današnjega standardnog jezika. Analiza postaje svrhovitom usporedi li se s rezultatima jezičnih studija razdobljā koja su joj prethodila i slijedila, do današnjega vremena.