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Este artigo visa a expor as principais questões envolvidas no processo de tradução do alemão para o português do Brasil do livro "Opium für Ovid: Ein Kopfkissenbuch von 22 Frauen" ("Ópio para Ovídio: um Livro do Travesseiro de 22 mulheres"), de Yoko Tawada. Com vistas ao exercício de traduzir, este trabalho deve ser entendido como um estudo preliminar sobre a escritora e seu livro "Ópio para Ovídio", escrito em uma língua estrangeira. Num contexto de constante migração e, ao mesmo tempo, de negação do Outro e de xenofobia, entende-se como necessária a busca por uma experiência de alteridade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho persegue o deslocamento do olhar para uma perspectiva e uma língua estrangeiras, de modo que o texto traduzido propicie uma experiência com o 'fremd'.
The concept of embeddedness plays a central role in the segment of economic sociology and social theory which is inspired by the works of Karl Polanyi. But to the extent that embeddedness is understood in a substantialist manner, implying the existence of a unitary lifeworld, the desire for embeddedness is an impossible aspiration under modern conditions. Throughout the modern era it is however possible to observe the emergence of complex societal stabilization mechanisms, which serve as substitutes to traditional forms of embeddedness. The emergence of function specific cultures, in the form of, for example, legal, political and scientific cultures, establishing a ‘second nature’ in the Hegelian sense, is one example of this. Other examples are (neo-)corporatist institutions which fulfilled a central stabilising role in classical modernity and the kind of network based governance arrangements which fulfil a similar position in today’s radicalised modernity.
Der Essay thematisiert eine in der Frühen Neuzeit noch weit verbreitete Praxis des Schreibens: das Abschreiben von Texten. Bei näherer Betrachtung dieser Schreibpraxis im Kontext von Geschichtsschreibung zeigen sich unterschiedliche Motivationen und Funktionen des Abschreibens von Texten. Nach der ersten Fixierung einer Geschichte treten eine Reihe weiterer Schreibertypen in Erscheinung, die die Geschichte durch unterschiedlich starke Eingriffe in den Text, durch Kommentare oder auch durch Fortsetzungen transformieren. Die Praxis des Abschreibens selbst wie auch dessen unterschiedliche Funktionen in einer Epoche auch noch nach Erfindung des Buchdrucks stellen nicht nur eine klare Unterscheidung zwischen legitimer Nachahmung und illegitimem Plagiat in Frage, sondern relativieren auch die heute verbreitete Bewertung von Texten mit Begriffen wie Originalität und Kreativität.
In the last few years, Myanmar has undergone a severe and unexpected change. The military-led country has been starting to open up its borders and economy, enhance citizens’ rights and, allegedly, democratize. While the EU and US were quick to celebrate the changes and lift sanctions in return, a number of questions remain: Will the changes be sustainable? Does the opening-up indicate a movement towards democracy? What were the reasons for the military to relinquish some of its power – and has it actually done so in the first place?
Auch wenn die hier skizzierten Aspekte von Geschichtstransformation als eines funktionalisierten produktiv-variierenden Reproduktionsakts notwendig vorläufig und schematisch geblieben sind, dienen sie doch als heuristische und begriffliche Hilfsmittel, die es erlauben, die einzelnen Transformationsfälle miteinander in Beziehungen zu setzen und innerhalb eines potentiellen Spektrums historischer Rezeption zu verorten, denen die vier Sektionen des Bandes Rechnung tragen. Dies ist umso wichtiger, als ein wesentliches Anliegen darin bestand, die Vergangenheitsaneignung in ihrer historischen Breite sowie ihrer formalen Variabilität zu erfassen: So reichen die Beispiele von der Vormoderne bis in die jüngste Gegenwart - mit Konzentration auf Zeiten intensivierter Geschichtsbezogenheit wie Renaissance und Frühe Neuzeit (Rau,Schirrmeister), Vormärz und Historismus (Immer, Jäger) oder Klassische Moderne (Meid, Modlinger, Wiegmann-Schubert). Der Verfahrens- und Funktionsvielfalt entsprechen die gewählten methodisch-theoretischen Paradigmen: Dass sich die einzelnen Konkretisierungen aus der Perspektive des Linguistic Turn (de Dobbeleer/Russell) ebenso erschließen wie im Rekurs auf narratologische (Geilert/Voorgang,Suslak), mythentheoretische (Lammel) oder postkoloniale (Sieber) Ansätze, indiziert die spezifische Anschlussfähigkeit des transdisziplinären Kulturphänomens "Geschichtstransformation".
Genetic engineering of baker’s and wine yeasts using formaldehyde hyperresistance-mediating plasmids
(1997)
Yeast multi-copy vectors carrying the for maldehyde-resistance marker gene SFA have proved to be a valuable tool for research on industrially used strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetics of these strains is often poorly understood, and for various reasons it is not possible to simply subject these strains to protocols of genetic engineering that have been established for laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae. We tested our vectors and protocols using 10 randomly picked baker’s and wine yeasts all of which could be transformed by a simple protocol with vectors conferring hyperresistance to formaldehyde. The application of formaldehyde as a selecting agent also offers the advantage of its biodegradation to CO2 during fermentation, i.e., the selecting agent will be consumed and therefore its removal during down-stream processing is not necessary. Thus, this vector provides an expression system which is simple to apply and inexpensive to use. Key words: · Yeast · Transformation · Hyperresistance to formaldehyde
Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Bedeutsamkeit emotionaler und transformationaler Führungskompetenzen im Kontext inklusiver Schulentwicklung sowie allgemein im Rahmen eines transformationalen Schulmanagements dar. Daran anknüpfend werden als Praxisbeispiele zur Weiterqualifizierung ein Master-Fernstudiengang für Schulmanagement sowie ein in weiterer Entwicklung befindliches digitales Leadership-Training für Schulentwicklung vorgestellt. Letzteres fokussiert insbesondere die Förderung emotionaler und transformationaler Führungskompetenzen, welche wesentlich dazu beitragen können, inspirierend zu motivieren, kollegiale Beziehungen gewinnbringend zu gestalten und adäquat durch inklusive Schulentwicklungsprozesse zu begleiten.
Background: Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) usually presents in middle aged men and shows an indolent clinical behavior. However, up to 30% of the patients present a secondary transformation into aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of the present study was to characterize morphology and immunophenotype of this kind of DLBCL in detail and compare it with conventional DLBCL.
Methods: Morphology and immunophenotype of 33 cases of NLPHL with simultaneous or sequential transformation into DLBCL were investigated. These cases were compared with 41 de novo DLBCL in Finnish men.
Results: The majority of cases exhibited different immunophenotypes in the NLPHL and the DLBCL components. The immunophenotype of the DLBCL secondary to NLPHL was heterogeneous. However, BCL6, EMA, CD75 and J-chain were usually expressed in both components (≥73% positive). Overall, the NLPHL component was more frequently positive for EMA, CD75 and J-chain than the DLBCL component. In contrast, B cell markers, CD10 and BCL2, were more frequently expressed and were expressed at higher levels in the DLBCL component than in the NLPHL component. In the independent series of de novo DLBCL 4 cases could be identified with a growth pattern and immunophenotype that suggested that they had arisen secondarily from NLPHL.
Conclusions: The morphology and immunophenotype of DLBCL arisen from NLPHL is heterogeneous. Further characterization of the particular molecular features of this subgroup is warranted to be able to better identify these cases among conventional DLBCL.