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Introduction Impaired renal function and/or pre-existing atherosclerosis in the deceased donor increase the risk of delayed graft function and impaired long-term renal function in kidney transplant recipients. Case presentation We report delayed graft function occurring simultaneously in two kidney transplant recipients, aged 57-years-old and 39-years-old, who received renal allografts from the same deceased donor. The 62-year-old donor died of cardiac arrest during an asthmatic state. Renal-allograft biopsies performed in both kidney recipients because of delayed graft function revealed cholesterol-crystal embolism. An empiric statin therapy in addition to low-dose acetylsalicylic acid was initiated. After 10 and 6 hemodialysis sessions every 48 hours, respectively, both renal allografts started to function. Glomerular filtration rates at discharge were 26 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 23.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, and remained stable in follow-up examinations. Possible donor and surgical procedure-dependent causes for cholesterol-crystal embolism are discussed. Conclusion Cholesterol-crystal embolism should be considered as a cause for delayed graft function and long-term impaired renal allograft function, especially in the older donor population.
Immortalisierte HaCaT Keratinozyten sind im Gegensatz zu primären epidermalen Keratinozyten in der Lage, nach Exposition durch UV A Licht den hauptsächlichen Angiogenesefaktor der Haut, den vaskulären endothelialen Wachstumsfaktor VEGF/VPF, überzuexprimieren. Da VEGFNPF nicht nur angiogene Eigenschaften entfaltet, sondern auch den malignen Phänotyp von Tumorzellen verstärken kann, war es das Ziel der Arbeit, die molekularen Mechanismen der UV A-vermittelten VEGF/VPF Genexpression in HaCaT Zellen zu bestimmen, welche als präneoplastische Zelllinie in einem frühen Stadium der Transformierung dienten. Zusammenfassend konnten diese Untersuchungen eine AP-2 Transaktivierung als einen wesentlichen Mechanismus der UV A-induzierten VEGF/VPF Gentranskription in HaCaT Zellen identifizieren. Als funktionell wichtiges Reaktionselement wurde eine GC-reiche Region in unmittelbarer Nähe zum TranSkriptionsstart (bp -88/-70) ausgemacht. Ein kritischer Nukleotidaustausch innerhalb dieser Sequenz verhindert die UVA-induzierte VEGFNPF Gentranskription. Damit untermauern diese Befunde die zentrale Rolle von AP-2 Transkripiionsfaktor in der UVA-vermittelten Genexpression in immortalisierten HaCaT Keratinozyten. Der hemmende Einfluß potenter Singulett-Sauerstoff Quencher legt den Schluß nahe, dass die UVA-induzierte AP-2 Aktivierung an den VEGFNPF Promotor über die Generierung von Singulett-Sauerstoff vermittelt wird. Zusätzlich zeigen die vorgestellten Daten zum ersten Mal, dass den MKK1I2 und den nachgeschalteten p42/p44 MAP Kinasen in der UVA-vermittelten AP-2 Aktivierung eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Die gewonnenen Daten deuten auf einen potentiellen Mechanismus hin, durch den prämaligne Keratinozyten durch wiederholte UVA-induzierte VEGFNPF Expression möglicherweise einen malignen Phänotyp annehmen könnten.
CD4+ T cell lymphopenia predicts mortality from Pneumocystis pneumonia in kidney transplant patients
(2020)
Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) remains a life-threatening opportunistic infection after solid organ transplantation, even in the era of Pneumocystis prophylaxis. The association between risk of developing PcP and low CD4+ T cell counts has been well established. However, it is unknown whether lymphopenia in the context of post-renal transplant PcP increases the risk of mortality. Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of a cohort of kidney transplant patients with PcP (n = 49) to determine the risk factors for mortality associated with PcP. We correlated clinical and demographic data with the outcome of the disease. For CD4+ T cell counts, we used the Wilcoxon rank sum test for in-hospital mortality and a Cox proportional-hazards regression model for 60-day mortality. Results: In univariate analyses, high CRP, high neutrophils, CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, mechanical ventilation, and high acute kidney injury network stage were associated with in-hospital mortality following presentation with PcP. In a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, an optimum cutoff of ≤200 CD4+ T cells/µL predicted in-hospital mortality, CD4+ T cell lymphopenia remained a risk factor in a Cox regression model. Conclusions: Low CD4+ T cell count in kidney transplant recipients is a biomarker for disease severity and a risk factor for in-hospital mortality following presentation with PcP.
