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Die positive Wirkung einer psychoonkologischen Versorgung onkologischer Patienten, die über ein kritisches Maß hinaus belastet sind, ist heute unbestritten. Krebspatienten sind sowohl mit der Krebsdiagnose selbst, als auch mit der medizinischen Behandlung hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Unbehandelte psychosoziale Belastungen wirken sich negativ auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten aus, erschweren die Krankheitsverarbeitung, beeinflussen medizinische Behandlungsergebnisse und können chronifizieren. Die psychoonkologische Behandlung in der akutstationären Versorgung weist jedoch große Lücken auf. Ausgangspunkt dieser Untersuchung war deshalb der Blick auf zwei Desiderate der Psychoonkologie: Zum einen besteht der Wunsch nach empirischen Untersuchungen zum psychoonkologischen Behandlungsbedarf an Akutkrankenhäusern. Zum anderen mangelt es am Einsatz valider, praktikabler und krebsspezifischer Messinstrumente. Diese Studie untersuchte deshalb den psychoonkologischen Behandlungsbedarf von Krebspatienten in der akutstationären Versorgung mit krebsspezifischen diagnostischen Instrumenten. Insgesamt 478 stationäre Krebspatienten wurden über einen Zeitraum von sechs Monaten an den Frankfurter Diakoniekliniken (Markus-Krankenhaus) in Frankfurt am Main mit Hilfe der neuen Kurzform der „Psychoonkologischen Basisdokumentation“ (Po-Bado-KF) sowie der spezifischen Version für Brustkrebspatienten (PO-Bado-BK) im Rahmen eines psychoonkologischen Anamnesegespräches (Fremdeinschätzung) untersucht. Da Fremd- und Selbsteinschätzung der Patienten häufig nicht übereinstimmen, wurde darüber hinaus die revidierte Fassung des Fragebogens zur Belastung von Krebspatienten (FBK-R23) als Selbsteinschätzungsinstrument eingesetzt. Des Weiteren wurde der mögliche Einfluss soziodemografischer und krankheitsbezogener Variablen auf den psychoonkologischen Behandlungsbedarf überprüft. Die Ergebnisse der Studie belegen, dass ein Routine-Screening der psychosozialen Belastung von Krebspatienten – vorausgesetzt, es wird ein entsprechendes Behandlungsangebot bereit gehalten – sehr sinnvoll ist: Über die Hälfte (56%) der 478 Patienten in der vorliegenden Studie waren psychoonkologisch behandlungsbedürftig. In der Selbsteinschätzung durch den FBK-R23 lagen 31% der Patienten über einem kritischen Wert. Fremd- und Selbsteinschätzung stimmten in dieser Untersuchung signifikant überein. Für die psychoonkologische Behandlungsindikation waren ein fortgeschrittener Krankheitsstatus, der körperliche Funktionsstatus, psychische Probleme vor Ausbruch der Erkrankung, die Einnahme von psychotropen Substanzen (Antidepressiva, Anxiolytica, Schlafmittel) sowie krankheitsunabhängige Belastungen wie Probleme im familiären, sozialen oder finanziellen Bereich entscheidend. Die PO-Bado-KF hat sich in dieser Untersuchung als ein praktikables und ökonomisches Fremdeinschätzungsinstrument bewährt und kann, nach entsprechender Schulung, unproblematisch in die medizinische Anamnese integriert werden. Ist dies aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht möglich, können die in dieser Studie extrahierten Parameter, die signifikant mit dem Behandlungsbedarf in Zusammenhang standen, als Indikatoren für Interventionen herangezogen werden. Auch die Selbsteinschätzung der Patienten lieferte in dieser Studie valide Daten des psychoonkologischen Betreuungsbedarfs. Das Erfassen der Daten, die Auswertung des Fragebogens und die Weiterleitung an die Psychoonkologie scheint jedoch weniger praktikabel und ökonomisch als die Erfassung mit der PO-Bado-KF. Wie in jeder Untersuchung bleiben auch nach Abschluss dieser Studie Fragen offen. Insbesondere wird genauer zu erforschen sein, inwieweit die psychosoziale Belastung der Patienten mit dem Zeitpunkt des psychoonkologischen Interviews zusammenhängt. Die Hypothese liegt nahe, dass Patienten, die auf eine Operation oder auf die Mitteilung der histologischen Befunde warten, höher belastet sind als Patienten, die diese spezifische Belastung zum Zeitpunkt des Interviews nicht haben. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde dieser Frage nicht nachgegangen. Ferner bleibt zu untersuchen, ob sich Patienten, die sich selbst als nicht belastet wahrnehmen, vom Interviewer hingegen als belastet eingestuft werden, voneinander unterscheiden und ob Patienten mit einer psychoonkologischen Behandlungsindikation eine entsprechende Behandlung möchten bzw. diese in Anspruch nehmen. Auch die Überprüfung von Interventionseffekten durch die psychoonkologische Anamnese mittels PO-Bado-KF könnte wertvolle Hinweise liefern, ob dieses neu vorgelegte Screeninginstrument über ein größeres Potenzial verfügt, als bisher angenommen.
Objective: To explore and describe exposure to suicidality in healthcare providers (HCP) working with oncological patients. Special emphasis was put on five central aspects from the HCPs perspective: Exposure, Confidence, Expertise, Distress, and Education.
Methods: A 48‐item online questionnaire was developed and distributed to HCPs working with cancer patients. Three hundred fifty‐four answered questionnaires were analyzed.
Results: Overall 83.3% of HCPs reported to have encountered at least one suicidal patient in the last year. Feeling confident in talking about suicidality was reported by 72.1% of HCPs, with 71.2% of nurses reporting feeling insecure compared with only 5.1% of psychotherapists. Similarly, 22.3% of HCPs felt overwhelmed when confronted with a patient who substantiated his suicidality during consultation. A lack of personal knowledge concerning suicidality in general and in oncological patients in particular, was reported by 39.6% and 49.8%, respectively. In total, 88.1% of HCPs reported feeling distressed when confronted with suicidality, while 81.1% of participants wanted further education regarding suicidality in cancer patients despite that 73.2% had already received some sort of psycho‐oncology education.
Conclusions: Despite the well‐documented fact of elevated suicide rates in cancer patients, there remain deficits in knowledge, which induce feelings of insecurity and helplessness in HCPs. There is a demand for further education concerning the treatment of suicidal cancer patients. Therefore, special curricula addressing this topic should be devised. A general debate about suicidality in cancer patients could help raise awareness of this problem and generate means of prevention.
Purpose: Suicidality and suicidal ideation (SI) in oncology has long been an underestimated danger. Although there are cancer-specific distress screening tools available, none of these specifically incorporates items for SI. We examined the prevalence of SI in cancer patients, investigated the relation between SI and distress, and tried to identify additional associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients treated for cancer in a primary care hospital was conducted. Psychosocial distress and SI in 226 patients was assessed. An expert rating scale (PO-Bado-SF) and a self-assessment instrument (QSC-R23) were used to measure distress. SI was assessed with item 9 of the PHQ-9. Data was descriptively analyzed, and correlations and group comparisons between clinically distressed and non-distressed patients were calculated. Results: SI was reported by 15% of patients. Classified as clinically distressed were 24.8% (QSC-R23) to 36.7% (PO-Bado-SF). SI was correlated with externally (rτ = 0.19, p < 0.001) and self-rated distress (rτ = 0.31, p < 0.001). Symptoms sufficiently severe for at least a medium major depressive episode were recorded in 23.5% of patients (PHQ-9). Factors associated with SI were feeling bad about oneself, feeling down, depressed, and hopeless, deficits in activities of daily life, psycho-somatic afflictions, social restrictions, and restrictions in daily life. Being in a steady relationship seemed to have a protective effect. Conclusions: SI is common in cancer patients. Distress and associated factors are increased in patients with SI. A distress screening with the ability to assess SI could be an important step in prevention, but more research is necessary.
To explore and describe attitudes and opinions towards suicidality in healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with oncological patients. Methods: A 48-item online questionnaire was developed and distributed to HCPs working with cancer patients. Three hundred fifty-four answered questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The majority of HCPs reported that they were able to understand why a cancer patient would commit suicide (87.8%) or would seek help from an assisted suicide organization (ASO; 83.9%). The understandable reasons were pain and physical impairments (51.4%), social isolation (19.8%), loss of control and autonomy (18.1%), terminal disease (17.2%), loss of meaning (15.3%), desperation (14.7%), and psychic distress (9.3%). Personal experiences with suicidality lead only 44.8% of HCPs to believe that thereby they would be better able to understand a patients’ wish for suicide. Religion was negatively associated with understanding of suicide and why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO. Knowledge of suicidality was positively associated with why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO. Conclusions: There is still little knowledge in oncology about the relation of HCPs’ attitudes toward suicidality in their patients and how those attitudes influence their behavior, especially care and treatment of patients. More research on this topic is needed. It stands to reason that more education about suicidality in cancer patients seems likely to improve understanding and attitudes and thereby influence care for cancer patients.
Purpose: In this study, we examined distress levels and quality of life (QoL) of patients with hematologic malignancies under treatment in an acute setting. We used external- and self-assessment instruments for distress. Additionally, we investigated the relation between distress and QoL as well as whether highly distressed patients differed from less distressed patients concerning their QoL.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients of the Medical Clinic II of the University Hospital Frankfurt was conducted. One hundred and nine patients were assessed with an expert rating scale and completed self-report questionnaires. Data were exploratively analyzed and group comparisons between patients who scored above the cut-off of the respective screening instruments and those who did not were conducted.
Results: Patients with hematologic malignancies experience high levels of distress and low QoL. Especially, role and social functioning are affected. Patients suffer most from fatigue, appetite loss, and insomnia. Using established cut-offs, all screening instruments were able to differentiate between patients regarding distress and QoL. Patients scoring above the cut-off were significantly more distressed and had a lower QoL. There was a medium-to-strong correlation between distress and QoL indicators.
Conclusion: Cancer-specific screening instruments seem to be able to identify treatment needs more specifically. They also allowed a better differentiation concerning QoL. The close link between distress and QoL needs to be recognized to enable a holistic approach to treatment and thereby optimize the quality of treatment.
Objective: Many cancer patients complain about cognitive dysfunction. While cognitive deficits have been attributed to the side effects of chemotherapy, there is evidence for impairment at disease onset, prior to cancer-directed therapy. Further debated issues concern the relationship between self-reported complaints and objective test performance and the role of psychological distress.
Method: We assessed performance on neuropsychological tests of attention and memory and obtained estimates of subjective distress and quality of life in 27 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy controls. Testing in patients took place shortly after the initial diagnosis, but prior to subsequent therapy.
Results: While patients showed elevated distress, cognitive performance differed on a few subtests only. Patients showed slower processing speed and poorer verbal memory than controls. Objective and self-reported cognitive function were unrelated, and psychological distress correlated more strongly with subjective complaints than with neuropsychological test performance.
Conclusion: This study provides further evidence of limited cognitive deficits in cancer patients prior to the onset of adjuvant therapy. Self-reported cognitive deficits seem more closely related to psychological distress than to objective test performance.
Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mental distress in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer, the cancer-information search behavior, and the influence of information seeking on distress. Methods: One hundred and one bladder cancer patients answered 2 established questionnaires (“Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” [HADS] and the “Fragebogen zur Belastung von Krebskranken” [FBK-R23]) for evaluation of mental distress and a self-developed questionnaire with questions concerning information seeking and socioeconomic facts. Results: Regarding risk group stratification, 57.4% were classified as high-risk and 42.6% as low-risk tumor-bearing patients. Analysis of mental distress showed that 23.2% had a score above the HADS-A cutoff, 25.3% above the HADS-D cutoff, and 21.4% showed a pathologic FBK-R23 score. Overall, 75% felt well informed about their illness. Risk group stratification did not correlate with HADS-A, HADS-D, or FBK-R23 score. Furthermore, active search for information or the use of the Internet did not correlate with the HADS-A, HADS-D, or FBK-R23 score. However, the quality of the urologist’s information and the feeling of being informed correlated with the grade of mental distress. Conclusion: Besides the treatment of bladder cancer, informing the patient about the disease in a psychologically wholesome manner and working together with psycho-oncologically trained psychologists are essential tasks for the treating urologist.