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Eight new species of Itauara Müller, 1888 are described based on specimens collected in southeastern Brazil: I. bispinata sp. nov., I. caparao sp. nov., I. cipoensis sp. nov., I. cristata sp. nov., I. holzenthali sp. nov., I. mangaratiba sp. nov., I. robertsonae sp. nov., and I. rupicola sp. nov. In addition, we provided an updated distributional list of species of Itauara, with new records of I. jamesii Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 and I. lucinda Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 for Espírito Santo State (Brazil), I. plaumanni (Flint, 1974) for Paraná State (Brazil), and I. tusci Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 for Minas Gerais State (Brazil). We performed an equal weighted parsimony analysis adding the new species to the dataset provided by Robertson & Holzenthal (2013), with modification of the interpretation of some morphological characters. The genus was recovered as monophyletic, but overall statistic support for clades was weak. Itauara is restricted to South America and has a disjunct distribution, with some species occurring in northern South America and others in southeastern South America. Probably, the diversification of Itauara in South America is related to the connections between the Amazon Forest and the Atlantic Forest through historical events at different times.
Four new species of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) Brauer, 1870 from the Atlantic forest are diagnosed, described and illustrated. All of them have a small mesal sclerite and a set of spines, differing in size, density and position, on the inner face of the inferior appendage. Moreover, tergum IX varies mostly in the shape of the posterior margin. Four species are described as new for science. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) copacabana sp. nov. is distinguished mainly by the projected basoventral margin of the inferior appendage, the spines are clustered in two regions and the quadrate posterior region of tergum IX. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) maracanan sp. nov is differentiated by the inferior appendage, with a strongly angled apical region of 90º. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) redentor sp. nov. differs by the inferior appendage, with a linear row of thick spines, and the tergum IX, with a posterior margin forming smoothly rounded lobes. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) tijuca sp. nov. is diagnosed by the subbasal region of the preanal appendage, which is markedly projected medially, and by the inferior appendage, which is thin subapically, enlarged apically and strongly bent dorsad.