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Im südöstlichen Österreich, im angrenzenden Westungarn und Nordostslowenien wurden insgesamt 31 Bestände mit Fritillaria meleagris pflanzensoziologisch erfasst, ausgewertet und durch Bodendaten ergänzt. In folgenden Pflanzengesellschaften konnte die Schachblume nachgewiesen werden: Pruno-Fraxinetum, Pseudostellario-Carpinetum, Galio palustris-Caricetum ripariae, Lysimachio vulgaris-Filipenduletum caricetosum acutiformis, Iridetum sibiricae, Serratulo-Festucetum commutatae, Silaetum pratensis, Festuco pratensis-Alopecuretum pratensis. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass F. meleagris im Untersuchungsgebiet eine breite phytocoenologische Amplitude hat und nicht als Charakterart einer bestimmten Assoziation aufgefasst werden kann. Alle Standorte weisen Eingriffe in den Bodenwasser-haushalt in Form von Entwässerungsmaßnahmen auf, die sich aufgrund der sand- und schluffreichen, meist hydromorphen Böden z. T. erst allmählich auf die Artenzusammensetzung der Flächen auswir-ken. Besonders die Vorkommen im Arrhenatherion sollten dringend einem Monitoring unterzogen werden, um einen weiteren Rückgang der Art erkennen und verhindern zu können.
Semi-dry grasslands were once widely distributed communities, but today they represent some of the most vulnerable habitats in Central Europe. European and national legislation and non-governmental organizations have managed to protect some of the remaining fragments. However, despite their status as Natura 2000 habitats, they are often endangered due to improper management, fragmentation and edge effects from adjacent croplands. By using a sample of 44 semi-dry hay meadows in the south-eastern Alpine Foreland of Styria, we investigated how species-richness and trait composition of semi-dry grassland species respond to variation in patch size, connectivity, abiotic site factors and management regimes. We used linear regression models to identify the most important drivers for richness of typical semi-dry grassland species and thus conservation value. The number of typical semi-dry grassland species was highest in well-connected fragments, i.e. units that shared two or more borders with neighbouring species-rich grasslands. Furthermore, large semi-dry grasslands (> 8000 m²) had highest numbers of semi-dry grassland species and highest relevance for conservation; no difference was found among smaller fragment sizes. Unregular management was associated with increased presence of competitive species which replaced stress-tolerant specialists. Our study indicates that under eutrophication, small fragment size and isolation, only large semi-dry grasslands can sustain a high number of species with high conservation value. The conservation value of smaller semi-dry grassland fragments could be improved by buffer zones, adapted mowing treatments and periodical sheep grazing.